V Naval
V. Naval Cond/tions. • Xx. Immediate Cessation Of All Hostilitiea At Sea And Definite Information To Be Given As To The Location And Movements Of All German Ships. Notification To Be Given To Neutrals That Freedom Of Navigation In All Territorial Waters Is Given To Tbe Naval And Mer Cantik ...
Venice
Venice, Bank Of. The History Of This Remarkable Institution Forms One Of The Most Instructive Chapters In The Annals Of Money, Finance And Banlcing. In 1171 The Government Of Venice, Needing Money To Pay The Expenses Of A War Upon Which Hung The Destinies Of The Republic, Plundered The Treasury ...
Venizelos
Venizelos, Eleutherios, Greek Statesman: B. Near Canea, Crete, Of Greek Parentage, 1864. He Was Educated At His Home Town, At Smyrna, And The University Of Athens, Practised Law In Crete And Was Elected Deputy For The District Of Kedonia In The Cretan Assembly In 1888. He First Acquired Fame In ...
Venomous Animals
Venomous Animals. Among Tei Various Contrivances For Offense And Defene Found Among Animals The Presence Of A Poiso Apparatus, Consisting Of A Poison Gland And In Organ For Introducing The Poison Into The Bay Of The Prey, Is A Noteworthy Feature. In Sale Of The Lower Forms Of Animal Life, ...
Ventilation
Ventilation, Medical Aspects Of. The Air Of Rooms Is Frequently Rendered More Oi Less Injurious By The Accumulation Of Durst And Other Suspended Matters, Or By An Undue Pr.coortion Of One Or More Of The Normal Con Stituents Of The Air Or By The Adclition To It Of Poisoious Gases. ...
Ventura
Ventura, Van-too'rk G. D. Gioachino, Jo-a-keno, Italian Theologian: B. Palermo, 8 Dec. 1792. D. Versailles, 3 Aug 1861. At 15 He Entered The Jesuit College Of *his Native City And Subsequently Was Received As A Novice By The Theatines. Having Been Admitted To Holy Orders As General Secretary Ot The ...
Venus
Venus, In Astronomy, The Second Planet In Order Of Distance From The Sun. The Mean Dis Tance Of Venus From The Sun Is 67,200,000 Miles; Its Orbit Has An Eccentricity Of .00686 And The Plane Of Its Orbit Is Inclined To The Plane Of The Ecliptic At An Angle Of ...
Vera Cruz
Vera Cruz, Ve-ra Krooz (sp., Vairl Krooth), Or Veracruz, Mexico, A State Bounded By Tamaulipas On The North, By The Gulf Of Mexico On The East, By Oaxaca On The South, And By San Luis Potosi, Hidalgo And Puebla On The West. The Area Is About 30,000 Square Miles, And ...
Vera Cruz_2
Vera Cruz, Mexico, The Most Important Port On Either Coast Of The Republic Of Mexico, On The Bay Of Campeche, And The Mexican Railway, About 200 Tniles From Mexico City. As The Spot Whereon The Spaniards First Set Foot On Mexican Soil, It Possesses Exceptional Interest. The History Of The ...
Vera Cruz_3
Vera Cruz, Capture Of, In The Mexicali War. While The Battles Of Palo Alto, Resaca De La Palma, Monterey And Buena Vista (qq.v.) Were Being Fought, An Expedition Was Being Organized By Gen. Winfield Scott (q.v.) To Strike Inland From The Coast And Capture Mexico City. Early In March 1847 ...
Verbeck
Verbeck, Guido Fridolin, A Citizen Of No Country But Honored In Holland, America And Japan; Missionary, Educator And Statesman: B. At Zeist, In The Province Of Utrecht, 1 Feb. 1830; D. Tokio, 10 March 1898. He Was Edu Cated In The Languages And Humanities In The Moravian Academy At Zeist, ...
Verbena
Verbena, A Name Anciently Applied To Any Herb Used In Religious Rites, But Now Restricted To A Genus Of Plants Typical Of The Family Ver Bencerce. The Species, Of Which About 110 Have Been Described, Are Mostly Annual And Perennial Herbs Or Shrubs Distributed Mainly In The Amer Ican Tropics ...
Verdi
Verdi, V6r'de (fortunino) Giuseppe (francesco), Italian Composer: B. Le Roncole, Near Busseto, Parma, 9 Oct. 1813; D. Milan, 27 Jan. 1901. His Earlier Musical Education He Received From A Local Musician Of Le Roncole And Giovanni Provesi, Maestro Di Cuppella Of The Cathedral Of Busseto And Director Of The Societa ...
Vere
Vere, Edward De, 17th Earl Of Oxford, English Wit And Poet: B. England, 2 April 1550; D. Newington, Middlesex, 24 June 1604. He Was Educated At C,ambridge, And At 12 Suc Ceeded To The Earldom . With Its Hereditary Dignities, Inclucling That Of Lord Great Chamber Lain Of England. He ...
Verestchagin
Verestchagin, Ve-r&h-chii'on, Va Al% Russian Painter: B. Province Of Novgorod, 25 Oct. 1842; D. On Board The Battleship Petro Pavlosk, 13 April 1904. He Was Educated At The Naval School In Saint Petersburg, But Devoting Himself To Painting, He Entered The Saint Peters Burg Academy. In 1861 He Traveled In ...
Vermin
'vermin, A Term Comparable To "weed,)) Signifying Small Animals Obnoxious In Some Particular To Human Plans And Operations. Am Mals May Be Regarded As Vermin In One Place Which In Another Would Be Classed As Innocent Or Even Beneficial. Thus Among English Game Keepers All The Weasel Tribe— Stoats, Polecats ...
Vermont
Vermont, University Of, And State Agricultural College, Located At Burlington, Vt, The University Of Vermont Was Chartered 1791, And First Opened To Students In Moo, The First Class Being Graduated In 1804. The State Made A Grant Of Land Of 29,000 Acres For The Use Of The University, And The ...
Vermont
Vermont, A North Atlantic State'of The North American Union, Situated In The North Western Corner Of New England. It Is Bounded On The North By The Province Of Quebec, The Border Line Corresponding Nearly To The Latitude Of 45° 0' 43" But The Dividing Line Does Not Coincide Exactly With ...
Verne
Verne, Jules, French Noveliit: B. Nantes, 8 Feb. 1828; D. Amiens, 24 March 1905. His Early Education Was Obtained In The Nantes Lycia; He Then Studied Law In Paris, But Early Turned His Attention To Literary Work, At First Writing Short Pieces For The Stage, And In 1863 Attracted Attention ...
Verners Law
Verner's Law, In Philology, A Law Of Sound So Named From The Discoverer, Karl Adolf Verner (q.v.) Who Formulated It In 1875. It Embodies An Explanation Of Certain Apparent Exceptions To The Laws For The First Shifting Of Consonants, Affecting The Representation In Teutonic Of The Indo-european Voiceless Ex Plosives ...
Vernet
Vernet, Jean Emile Horace, Commonly Called Ulioance Vatatrr.)) French Painter: B. Paris, 30 June 1789; D. There, 17 Jan. 1863. He Was The Grandson Of Claude Joseph Vernet (q.v.), And Son Of Antoine Charles Horace Vernet, Better Known As Carle Vernet (q.v.). His First Master In Art Was His Father ...
Vernier
Vernier, A Device For Reading Scales, In Vented By Pierre Vernier (q.v.). It Consists Of An Auxiliary Scale Of N Intervals Sliding In Contact With The Scale To Be Read, And Occupying Therein A Space Of N 1 Intervals. Each Inter Val Of The Vernier Scale Will Then Occupy 1 ...
Vernon
Vernon, Ver'nen, Edward, English Naval Officer: B. Westminster, England, 12 Nov. 1684; D. Nacton, Suffolk, 30 Oct. 1757. He Was Edu Cated At Westminster And Oxford And In 1700 Entered The Royal Navy. In 1702 He Was Pro Moted Lieutenant And In 1704 Was Engaged Un Der Sir George Lkooke ...
Verona
Verona, Vii-an4, Northern Italy, (1) A. City, Capital Of The Province Of The Same Name, 68 Miles West Of Venice, Beautirnily Situated On The Adige River Where The Last Slopes Of The Alps Merge Into The Plains Of Lombardy, On Both Sides Of The Adige, Whic.h Traverses The City In ...
Veronese
Veronese, Va-rifp-aze, Paul (his Real Name Was Paolo Caliari), Italian Pamter: B. Verona, 1528; D. Venice, 19 April 1588. He Studied Under His Uncle Antonio Badile, A Painter, And Copied The Style Of Carazzola And The Veronese School, As Appears From The Many Altar-pieces And Frescoes Which He Executed At ...
Versailles
Versailles, Ver-salz' (fr. V4r-si-y), France, Capital Of The Department Of Seine-et Oise, 11 Miles Southwest Of Paris, Is A Town Of Royal Construction, Having Risen Up Rapidly, Reg Ularly And With Great Magnificence Under The Directions Of The Sovereigns Of France, Par Ticularly Louis Xiv, Who Made It The Seat ...
Verse
Verse, A Line Of Poetry, Consisting Of A Certain Number Of Metrical Feet, Disposed Ac Cording To The Rules Of The Particular Species Of Poetry Which The Author Intends To Compose. Also More Commonly Used As Meaning A Stanza, Or Combination Of Lines Regularly Recurring, Whether Like Or Unlike In ...
Versification
Versification. The Derivation Of This Word From Latin Versificatio, Versification, From Versificare, To Versify, From Versus, Line, Verse. Facere, To Make, Shows That It Means The Act Or Practice, And Therefore The Art, Of Com Posing Poetic Verse. By Extension, It Also Means The Science Of Analyzing The Principles On ...
Vertebrata
Vertebrata, A Group Name, No Longer Significant In Classification, For All Those Animals (the Vertebrates) Considered Collectively Which Possess A Backbone, Composed Of Vertehrm. (see Anammv; Osteology). This Category Would Include Mammals, Birds, Reptiles, Am Phibians And Fishes. These Have Important Characteristics In Common That Distinguish Them From Mollusks, Insects, ...
Vertigo
Vertigo, Dizziness, Giddiness, Or Swim Ming Of The Head; A Defect, Real Or Seeming, In The Equilibration Of The Body. Though The Con Dition Is Sometimes So Distressing. As To Be Considered By The Patient A Disease, It Is Essen Tially Only A Symptom. It Is Believed That The Cerebellum ...
Vespertilionidie
Vespertilionidie, A Family Of Bats Including The Great Majority Of S 11 Insectivorous Species, And Especially Characteristic Of Temperate Regions. In This Family The Muzzle Has No Nose-leaf, The Pre Maxillary Bones Are. Defective And Separated By A Wide Median Vacuity, The Number Of Incisor Teeth Is Usually Two On ...
Vest
Vest, George Graham, American Lawyer: B. Franlcfort, Ky., 6 Dec. 1830; D. Sweet Springs, Mo., 9 Aug. 1904. He Was Graduated From Centre C,ollege, Danville, Ky., In 1848 And From The Law Department Of Transylvania Col Lege In 1853. In The Last-mentioned Year He Re Moved To Georgetown, Mo., Where ...
Vestal
Vestal Virg/ns, Women Dedicated To The Service Of The Goddess Vesta, And -bound By Vows Of Chastity For The Limited Period Of 30 Years. They Were Also Termed Vestals. The Worship Of This Goddess Is Supposed To Have Originated In The Guardianship Of A Central Or Village Fire By The ...
Vesuvius
Vesuvius, Ve'-sievi-iis, Italy, A Volcanic Mountain, 10 Miles Southeast Of Naples. With A Basal Circumference Of About 30 Miles, It Rises From The Centre Of A Plain 2,300 Feet Above The Sea In A Pyramidal Truncated Cone 1,500 Feet High And About 2,000 Feet In Diameter; Total Height, 3,800 Feet ...
Vetch
Vetch, A Name Applied To Many Species Of Leguminous Herbs, In The Genera Vicsa, Astra Galue, Phaca, Etc. They Resemble Pea-vines, And Have Pinnate, Stipulate Leaves And Often Climb Over Other Plants By Means Of Tendrils. The Flowers Are Papilionaceous, Of Various Colors, And The Fruits Are Legumes Or • ...
Veterinary Medicine
Veterinary Medicine. Veterinary Medicine Is The Science And Art That Deals With The Prevention, Cure, Alleviation And Extermi Nation Of Disease Among Domestic Animals. It Includes The Appropriate Management Of Domes Tic Animals, As Well As The Nature, Causes And Treaunent Of The Disorders To Which They Are Subiect. In ...
Veterinary Obstetrics
Veterinary Obstetrics. Ob Stetrics Is The Art Of Assisting In Parturition, Or In The Troubles Incident To Birth. The Giving Of Birth To Young Is The Culminating Aet Of A Series Of Complex Physiological Processes, The Perversion Or Interruption Of Any One Of Whic.h May Lead To The Defeat Of ...
Veterinary Surgery
Veterinary Surgery. Vc 'erinary Surgery Is The Art Of Healing Local Injuries And Certain Diseases Of Domestic Animals By Oper Ative Procedure And Instrumental Treatment. It Includes Also Certain Operations, That When Per Formed Render Animals More Submissive And More Serviceable To Man. Surgery In All Coun Tries Is As ...
Veto
Veto, In Political Science, The Right Of The Executive To Disapprove An Act Or Resolution Of The Legislature. It May Be Absolute As In Eng Land, Or Qualified As In The United States, Where The Disapproval Of The Executive May Be Over Ridden By An Extraordinary Majority Of The Leg ...
Vexilla Regls Prodeunt
Vexilla Regls Prodeunt (°be Hold The Banners Of The King*), The First Line Of A °world-famous Hymn,° Written By Vanantius Fortunatns At The Time When He Was Living At Poitiers. Radeguncia, Queen Of The Franks, Who Was Living In The Monastery Which She Had Founded At That Place, Had Obtained ...
Vibration
Vibration, The Limited Reciprocal Or Oscillatory Motion Of The Particle.s Of An Elastic Body Or Medium, In Alternately Opposite Direc Tions From Their Positions Of Rest Or Equilib Rium. A Complete Vibration Comprises A Motion To And Fro, But Some French Physicists Measure It As A Motion To Or Fro; ...
Viburnum
Viburnum, A Large Genus Of Shrubs, Or Small Trees, Of The Honeysudde Family, Indige Nous Chiefly To The North Temperate Zone. Many Species Are Cultivated For Their Orna Mental Flowers And Fruits. The Branches And Leaves Are Usually Opposite, The Latter Never Being Compound, But Are Diversely Toothed And Lobed, ...
Vicar Of Wakefield
Vicar Of Wakefield, The. (the Vicar Of Wakefield; A Tale) By Oliver Gold Smith Seems To Have Been Begun During The Year 1761 And Was Sold To A Publisher In Octo Ber Of The Following Year, But It Remained In Manuscript Nearly Four Years, Finally Coming Out In March 1766, ...
Vice
Vice, Regulation Of. The ((social Evi1,0 As Prostitution Is Euphemistically Tertned, Consti Tutes Four-fifths Of The So-called Vice Of Modern Life. Prostitution Is Defined As Pro Miscuous Unchastity For Gain. It Is Not An Evil Peculiar To Any Age Or Country. It Existed In Ancient Babylon To A Degree And ...
Vicksburg
Vicksburg, Vllcs'berg, Miss., City, County:. Seat Of Warren County, On The Mississippi River, A Few Miles Below The Mouth Of The Yazoo River, And On The Alabama And Vicks Burg, The Vicksburg, Shreveport And Pacific And The Illinois Central Railroads, About -45 Miles West Of Jackson, The Capital And Largest ...
Vicksburg
Vicksburg, Military Operations Against And Siege Of, The Advisability Of Fortifying Vicksburg To Aid In The Closing Of The Mississippi River Was Apparent To The Con Federates Early In 1861, But Not Until After The Fall Of Fort Donelson, In February 1862, Were Any Steps Taken To Garrison And Fortify ...
Vico
Vico, Giambattista, Or Giovanni Bat Tista, Italian Jurist, Philosopher And Critic: B. Naples, 23 June 1668; D. 20 Jan. 1744. The Son Of A Bookseller, He Was Educated By The Jesuits And Afterward Studied For The Bar. Weak Health Prevented Him From Following His Profession; And After Nine Years He ...
Victor Amadeus Ii
Victor-amadeus Ii, Duke Of Savoy: B. 14 May 1666; D. 31 Oct. 1732 (ruled 1675 1730) ; Grandson Of Victor-amadeus I. He Was An Able Prince And An Energetic Administrator. In 1684, Victor Married Anne-marie Of Orleans, Niece Of Louis Xiv, And Daughter Of Henri Etta Of England; But The ...
Victor Emmanuel Ii
Victor Emmanuel Ii (vino= Emanuele, Ve-to're-i) A-man-oo-e11), King Of Sardinia, 1849-61 And Of Italy 1861-79: B. Turin, 14 March 1820; D. Rome, 9 Jan. 1878. He Was The Eldest Son Of Charles Albert (q.v.), Icing Of Sardinia, Was Trained In Military Science And In The Campaign Of 1848-49 Against Austria ...
Victoria
Victoria, Vlic-tb'r1-3, Queen Of The United Kingdom Of Great Britain And Ireland And Empress Of India: B Kensington Palace, London, 24 May 1819. D. Osborne, Isle Of Wight, 22 Jan. 1901. Ghe Was The Only Child Of Edvrard, Duke Of Kent, Fourth Son Of George Iii. By Mary Louisa Victoria. ...
Victoria Cross
Victoria Cross. A War Decoration In Stituted 29 Jan. 1856, By Queen Victoria For The Purpose Of Rewarding Individual Acts Of Bravery Performed By Officers Of The Lower Grades In The Naval Or Military Service Of Great Britain, Or By (warrant And Petty Officers, Sea Men And Marines In The ...
Victoria Falls
Victoria Falls, Called By The Natives Mosi-oa-tunya ()smoke Sounds There)), The Greatest Falls In The World, On The Zambesi River In Rhodesia, South Africa, About 100 Miles Below Icazungula And The Confluence Of The Kuando With The Zambesi. The Falls Ex Tend, In Four Main Cataracts, Over A Breadth Of ...
Victoria Nyanza
Victoria Nyanza, Ni-an'za, Or Uric Rime, Oo-ke-re'we', Central Africa, The Largest Of The Nile Lakes And The Second In Size Of The Fresh-water Lakes Of The World, Extends From 0" 45' N. To 2° 50' S., And From 32° 30' To 35° E., And Lies About 3,900 Feet Above Sea-level, ...
Victoria Regia
Victoria Regia, A Magnificent Water Lily, Of Gigantic Size, Which Is Found In South American Streams, Especially In The Tributaries Of The Amazon. It Was Discovered By Haenke In Bolivia In 1801 And, Later, Was Introduced With Great Difficulty To Horticulture. The First Flower That Bloomed In England Was Presented ...
Victoria University
Victoria University, Formerly Situ Ated At Cobourg, Ontario, Canada, Now At Toronto, And Since 1890 In Federation With The University Of Toronto. It Was Founded By Resolution Of The Conference Of.the Methodist Church In Canada, Held At Kingston In 1830 And Was Incorporated By Royal Charter In 1836 Under The ...
Vidal
Vidal, Pierre, A Langue D'oc Trouba Dour Who Flourished During The Latter Part Of The 12th And The First Part Of The 13th Century He Was One Of The Foremost Poets Of His Time, The Ideal Lover, Adventurer, Singer And Song Maker, In Which His Age Delighted. His Poetic Passion ...
Vidaurri
Vidaurri, Ve-thowere, Santiago, Mexi Can Soldier: B. Nuevo Leon, Mexico, About 1803; D. City Of Mexico, 8 July 1867. He Came Of A Wealthy Family Of Indian Extraction, Was Well Educated, Admitted To The Bar In 1s26 And Entered Political Life. He Was Engaged In Several Civil Wars, Rose To ...
Vidyasagar
Vidyasagar, Iswar Chandra, Indian Author, Philanthropist And Social Reformer: B. In The Autumn Of 1820 At Birsinha In The Dis Trict Of Midnapur, Bengal, India; D. 30 July 1891. He Was A Brahmin By Birth. His Father, The Kurdas Bandopadhya, Was A Poor Tnan. When Iswar Chandra Was Nine Years ...
Vienna
Vienna, Congress Of, A Congress Of Powers Assembled After The First Overthrow Of Napoleon To Reorganize The Political System Of Europe, Disturbed By The Conquests Of France. The Congress Assembled On 1 Nov. 1814. The Principal Powers Represented In It Were Austria, Russia, Prussia, England And France. Spain, Portugal, Sweden ...
Vienna
Vienna, Vi-en'a (german, Wran, Yen), Capital Of German-austria, Formerly Capital Of The Cisleithan Part Of The Austrian-hungarian Monarchy And In Earlier Times Capital Of The Austrian Empire, On The Right Bank Of The Danube And On The Donaukanal, A Narrow Arm Of The River, Into Which Fall Several Small Streams, ...
Vienna_2
Vienna, Treaties • Of, Various Com Pacts Arranged By Representatives Of European Nations, At This Capital, Selected For Its Central Position, And For The Prominent Part Which Austria Had Always Talcen In The Wars Of Mod Ern Europe Prior To Her Defeat In. 1918. ,ishe First Treaty Of Vienna (30 ...
Vigilius
Vigilius, Pope: B. Rome; D. Syracuse, 555. During The Pontificates Of Petus I And Sylverius, Vigilius Was Apocrisiartus (an Office Nearly Corresponding To The Later One Of Papal Nuncio) At Constantinople, And Having Sided With The Imperial Government Against Pope Sylverius, Was Sent To Rome To Procure The Imprisonment And ...
Vignaud
Vignaud, Ven-yof, Jeim Henry, Ameri Can Diplomatist And Author: B. New Orleans, La., 27 Nov. 1830. He Taught In The Schools Of His Native City In 1852-56, And At The Same Time Wrote For Le Courrier And Other Papers. In 14357-60 He Was Editor Of L'union De Lafourche At Thibodeaux, ...
Vigny
Vigny, Ven-ye, Alfred Victor, Comre De, French Author: B. Loches, Indre Et Loire, 27 March 1797; D. Paris, 17 Sept. 1863. He En Tered The Army At The Restoration, But Resigned From The Service In 1827. By This Time He Had Published Two Books Of Verse (poemes) (1822) And 'poeines ...
Vilas
Vilas, Vi'las, William Freeman, Ameri Can Lawyer And Politician: B. Chelsea, Vt., 9 July 1840; D. Madison, Wis., 27 Aug. 1908. He Went To Wisconsin With His Parents In 1851, And Was Graduated Frorn The University Of Wisconsin In 1858, And From The Albany Law School In 1860. He Was ...
Village Communities
Village Communities. 'these Are Supposed To Have Been The Primitive Form Of Organized Human Society. In Africa, The South Sea Islands And Among Tfie American Aborigines Who Have Progressed Beyond Savage Isolation The Village Community Ex Ists, A Survival Of A System Which Was Probably Universal In The Pre-historic Period, ...