CLEVELAND, Ohio, city and county-seat of Cuyahoga County. The city of Cleveland was chartered in 1836, 21 years after its incorporation as a village in 1815; the original survey was made under the superin tendence of Moses Cleaveland for the Con necticut Land Company in 1796. It is now the sixth city of the country in population and manufactures, its position on the south shore of Lake Erie, giving it direct contact by rail and lalce with sources of America's great mineral wealth. The city has an area of 56.65 square miles and lies on a plateau 100 feet above the lake and 580 feet above, the sea level; 357 miles by rail east of Chicago; 140 miles northwest of Pittsburgh; 623 miles by rail northwest of New York; and 183 miles west of Buffalo. The city's location, as re gards the Great Lakes, and its proximity by rail to the coal and coke regions of Ohio and Pennsylvania are great assets. Its geographi cal position has made it the most economical point in the United States for the assembling of these ingredients of iron and steel and it is not out of place to mention that the Standard Oil Company had its beginning here. To picture the Cleveland of 1918 in the terms of the 1910 census is to have stopped the activities of 850,000 people for the busiest years in their history. The tax duplicate of Cuyahoga County, in which Cleveland is located, has in creased over $278,000,000. The assessed valua tion of Cuyahoga County is $1,491,086,810, which is greater than that of any one of 34 States of the Union, and exceeded by only 14. Over $33,000,000 were added to the deposits of Cleveland banks during the• 12 months of 1917. The bank deposits of Cleve land in 1917 amounted to $522,229,391, and are assessable but not assessed. The bank clear ances for 1917 show a gain of 50 per cent over 1916, or about $1,256,287,918. The building per mits show that Cleveland is essentially a city of individual homes as well as of great mer cantile and industrial establishments, and figures also should talce into account the growth of adjoining suburban communities where thou sands of Clevelanders have their homes. The total number of building permits in Cleveland for the year 1917 was 11,952, at a valuation of $30,483,750.
The total value of goods manufactured in Cleveland in the year 1914 was $352,418,052, an increase of $80,457,052, or 29.6 per cent over the figures of five years previous. The capital invested in Cleveland manufactures was $312,908,956. The number of industrial ((establishments)) enumerated by the census was 2,346, as compared with 2,148 in 1909. The
value of material used was fixed at $198,515,000 as against $154,915,000 in 1909, a gain of 28.1 per cent. The value added by manufacture to these products was $153,925,4, an increase in five years of 31.5 per cent. The value added by manufacture formed 46.3 per cent of the total value in 1914, and 43 per cent in 1909. The salaries and wages of industrial plants in 1909 were $63,559,000, and this rose in 1914 to $92, 868,865, an increase of 46.1 per cent. The num ber of salaried employees was 17,766 in 1914 as compared with 12,240 in 1909, making an in crease of 5,526, or 45.2 per cent. The average number of wage earners in 1914 was 103,334, as against 84,728 in 1909, the increase being 18,496, or 22 per cent.
Industries and Value of Output—Iron and steel works and rolling mills, $58,752,000; foundry and mathine shop products, $50,951, 000; automobiles, including bodies and parts, $27,117,000 (an increase of 486.4 per cent over 1904); slaughtering and meat packing, $24, 737,000; women's clothing, $16,243,000; printing and publishing, $14,099,000; paint and varnish, $10,093,000; men's clothing, including shirts, $9,546,000; malt liquors, $6,528,000; stoves and furnaces, including gas and oil stoves„621, 000; bread and other bakery products„908, F 000; electrical machinery, apparatus an other supplies, $11,358,000; hardware, $5,766,060; lum ber and timber products, $4,916,000. Industries in which the production passed the million dol lar mark include copper, tin and sheet iron products, confectionery, hosiery and knit goods, tobacco manufactures, brass and bronze prod ucts, cutlery and tools, cars and general shop construction and repairs, chemioa-ls, millinery and lace goods, fancy and paper boxes, furni ture and 'refrigerators, patent medicines and druggists' preparations and shipbuilding. Only New York has a larger production of women's outer (garments than. Cleveland, where some thing like 10,000 people are engaged in this one industry. Over a half million dollars a year is spent for designing alone. There are no sweatshops in the Cleveland garment industry, no child labor, no exhaustive rush season with its subsequent long season of slacicness and unemployment. In direct contrast to conditions in other garment manufacturing cities, Cleve land's plants are models in construction, sani tary conditions and welfare provisions.