History.— For the claim of Connecticut to the territory from lat. 41° to 42° l' N. and 120 mile,s west of the Pennsylvania line, see WESTERN RESERVE. That State conveyed its title to the Connecticut Land Company, which in 1796 sent out Moses Cleaveland to survey the land and establish °New Connecticut)); and his party, having surveyed 60 miles, ran the line north to the Cuyahoga and followed it to the lake, reaching the latter 22 July. Cleaveland at once fixed on the plateau as the capital of the new State, and had it laid out, with the square and its two main streets (not inter secting) as now, with the same names, but Euclid (then called Middle Highway) only starting from Huron street; it was not cut through to the square until 1815. The settle ment was given Cleaveland's name, but not his chosen spelling, the first survey map bearing aCleveland'); usage fluctuated, but was fixed in 1831 by the adoption of the shorter form by a newspaper, it is said because the ((a)) would not go into a headline. The soil being poor, most inunigrants went on into the interior; early commerce was on the Ohio, and for a decade Cleveland remained a hamlet with a few dozens at most, those mainly Connecticut people. It became a part of Jefferson County in 1797, of Trumbull County in 1800,— the United States ,having assumed administration over the Western Reserve,— and of Geauga County, its county-seat in 1805, just after it had become a port of entry; in 1810 Cuyahoga County was formed with Cleveland for its seat, probably having about 100 inhabitants. They must have been of good quality, however, as a library was started in 1811. In 1814 New burg was set off, and for many years was the more important of the two, from its water power. On 1 June 1815 Cleveland was irtcor ported as a village; and in 1816 the first bank was started. In 1818 the first newspaper was
issued, the Cleveland Gazette and Commercial Register. In 1820 it had grown to 600. In 1824 the first steam vessel was latmched. But two great events happened to it near the end of the decade. In lffi7 the Ohio Canal was opened to Alcron and in 1832 to the mouth of the Scioto at Portsmouth; and in 1828 the cutting of a channel across the bar at the river mouth, giving it 10 feet of water, was completed. These were its making, and with about 1,000 in 1830 the town had grown to over 6,000 in 1840. In 1836 with about 4,000 people it re ceived a city charter, two days after its neigh bor Brooklyn across the river had received one as the °City of Ohio,) which lasted until 1853, and WaS then annexed to Cleveland. In 1834 a horse railroad with wooden rails was built to Newburg. The same year five steam rail roads were chartered from Cleveland to every where, and the Ohio Railroad to the Maumee sold a good deal of stock; but the panic of 1837 ended such speculations, and it was not until 1846 that more were even chartered, and about five years later before the first one was built. The advantage was inunense, and a leaped from 17,000 to 43,000 within a few years. About the time of the Civil War the iron in dustry began to take root and the manufacture of iron products for the government during the war crowded its manufactories, as did that of clothing. Since then its history is mainly that of an enormously expanding industrial city, but one that has never forgotten to keep its intellectual grov,-th and the spirit of culture abreast of its material development In 1872 it annexed East Cleveland; in 1873 Newburg; in 1893 West Cleveland and Broolclyn. In 1896 it celebrated its centennial.