Federated Charities.— The Welfare Fed eration of Cleveland, through its 59 affiliated organizations, which render practically every kind of human service, during the year 1917 aided over 33,100 people, from giving them food and clothing to caring for them when sick and providing wholesome recreation. The Federa tion, as a central office, since its inception four years ago has cut the cost of charitable collec tion one-third and has greatly increased the amount of money collected and the number of givers. It has increased the efficiency of the separate organizations and promoted co-opera tion among them. The Federation was unique at the time of its organization in having specific representation of organizations, donors and the city at large on its board of trustees and in planning not only financial but social work. It is still the largest institution of its kind in the world.
Modern Reformatory Methods.— Cleve land's most widely known public institution of charity and correction is the Warrensville Farm Colony. The division of charities and correction presents the problem of developing the usefulness of Cleveland's unfortunate, de linquent and dependent people as well as caring for the sick and poor for their own sake and for the protection of the community. This is done through two institutions somewhat peculiar to Cleveland in their construction and operation. One is known as the 1Farm Move ment." at the City Correction Farm at War rensville, Ohio, and the other is the House of Correction at Hudson. These institutions are the outgrowth of the city's desire to furnish better opportunities for its unfortunates in accordance with a special ordinance of the city council. The great tract of land at War rensville, consisting of about 2,000 acres, was originally named the Cooley Farms, in recog nition of the welfare director who planned and executed the Cleveland system of handling minor violators of the law. The Correction Farm property consists of a Colony Farm or the place of residence of the infirmary or ahnshouse group of people; the Overlook Farm, on which is erected the new sanatorium for tuberculosis patients; the C,orrection Farm, on which is the workhouse or house of correction group; and the Highland Park Farm, on which has been laid out a magnificent municipal cem etery. Each one of these separate farms con sists approximately of 500 acres of land. To gether they form a great tract in one body over 2,000 acres, or more than three square miles, which furnishes a favorable environment and varied opportunities for work to the resi dents and inmates of the different villages. It
is not a collection of institutions located on an ordinary farm in the country. It is rather a group of estates, each one set apart to special uses. With this large area it is possible to have the different groups entirely distinct, and at the same time secure the advantage of controlling a large environment. Reference to the tuber culosis sanatorium on Overlook Farm may give some idea of the general policy of the city toward these institutions. The tuberculosis sanatorium was made possible by the $250,000 bond issue voted for by the city in 1910. The site is on a high ridge, over one-half mile south of the colony group. It is of the mis sion style of architecture, as are many of the other buildings, with white plaster finish and red tile roofs. The building stands 600 feet above the city and is protected on the north and northwest by a forest of 70 acres, while from the other side it looks out over miles of surrounding country. The hillsides are planted with pine, fir and balsam, which help to make an ideal environment. For seven years before erecting these permanent buildings, the city maintained a temporary sanatorium with ac commodations for about 80 patients, in whith in all 1,248 cases were treated and the success of the treatment justified the expenditure of the larger amount for permanent buildings.
Churches.— There are in Cleveland about 425 churches of all denominations, many of which occupy buildings of monumental archi tecture. The churches include 70 Roman Cath olic, 32 Baptist, 2 Christian Reformed, 2 Church of God, 31 Congregational, 11 Disciple, 25 Epis copal, 7 Evangelical, 2 Free Methodist, 3 Fnends, 14 German Evangelical Synod, 19 Lutheran, 53 Methodist Episcopal, 27 Presby terian, 1 Welsh Presbyterian, 1 Reformed Church in America, 1 Reformed Church of Hungary, 14 Reformed Church in the United States, 2 Dutch Reformed in America, 1 Re f ormed Episcopal, 2 Swedenborgian, 1 Uni tarian, 5 United Brethren, 1 United Evangelical, 6 United Presbyterian, 1 Universalist and 40 miscellaneous.
Newspapers.— Cleveland has one morning and two evening English newspapers with a circulation of 470,000 daily and two Sunday newspapers with a combined circulation of 325,000.