Cainea
Cai'nea. [actussranys] Capparida'cese, Capparids, The Caper Tribe, A Natural Order Of Dicotyledonous Polypetalous Plante, Having A Superior Fruit, Parietal Placentae, An Embryo Curved Upon Itself, Without Albumen, Four Petals And Sepals, A Great Number Of Stamens, And An Ovary Elevated Upon A Long Stalk. They Are Known From Crucifera By ...
Caius
Caius, Hit John, Was Born At Norwich, October 6, 1510. His Real Name Was Kaye, Or Key, Which He Latinised By Caine. After Receiving The First Rudiments Of Learning In His Native City, Be Was Sent To Gonvillo Hall, In The University Of Cambridge. He Took The Degrees Of B.a. ...
Caius Longinus Cassius
Ca'ssius, Caius Longi'nus, Appears In History For The First Time As The (faster Of Crasaus, In Tho Unfortunate Campaign Against The Parthlans, B.o. 53. Ho Foresaw The Consequences Of The Expedition Into Mesopotamia, And Warned His General Against It, But Without Effect Lie Commanded A Wing Of The Roman Army ...
Caius Oracchus
Oracchus, Caius, Was Nine Years Younger Than Tiberius Gracchus, At Whose Death He Was Left With Appius Claudius As Commissioner For Carryiug Out The Agrarian Law. By The Death Of Appius, And Of Tiberius's Successor, Liciniui Crassus, The Coustuissiou Was Composed Of Fulvius Flaccus, Papirius Carbo, Aud Himself; But He ...
Caius Valerius Diocletianus
Diocletia'nus, Caius Valerius, Was Born At Diodes, In Dalmatia, Some Say At Salons, About A.d. 215 According To Some, But Others Make Him Ten Years Older. His Original Name Was Diodes, Which He Afterwards Changed Into Diocletianua. He Is Said By Some To Have Been The Son Of A Notary, ...
Caladihm
Cala'dihm, A Genus Of Plants Belonging To The Natural Order Aroideer, And To The Tribe Caladiece. The Flowers Are Moncecious, And The Calyx And Corolla Are Absent ; The Male Flowers Have Many-celled Peltste Anthers, Disposed In A Spike Nt The End Of The @paths ; The Female Flowers Have ...
Calamintha
Calamintha, A Genus Of Plants Belonging To The Natural Order Lamiacew, And The Tribe Satureiinea. It Has The Apices Of The Stamens Connivent Under The Upper Lip Of The Corolla ; The Anther-cells Nt Length Divergent, Connective, Subtriangular ; The Upper Lip Of The Corolla Straight, Nearly Flat, The Lower ...
Calamis
C'alamis, A Very Celebrated Greek Sculptor, Of The 5th Century Before Christ. Neither His Native Place Nor The Exact Period Of His Career Is Known ; He Was However Contemporary With Phidias, But Probably His Senior In Years, As, According To Cicero And Quintilian, Who Probably Expressed The General Opinion, ...
Calamus
Ca'lamus, A Genus Of Palms The Different Species Of Which Yield The Rattan Canes Of Commerce. Although A Genuine Palm, Yet From The Slender Stems And General Habit, It Has More The Look Of Some Tall Grass, And Has Been Considered As One Of The Links In The Chain Of ...
Calandra
Cala'ndra, A Genus Of Coleopterous Insects Belonging To The Section Rhynchophora, And Family Curculionidm. It Has The Following Characters :—antennr Eight-jointed, Geniculated, And Inserted Behind The Middle Of The Rostrum (that Is, Towards The Base); The Six Joints Following The Basal One Are Short, The Apical Joint Forma A Large ...
Calappa
Calappa, A Genus Of Brachyurous Decapod Crustacea, Separated By Fabrieius, And Formerly Embracing The Genus Hepatus Of Latreille, Though Now Restricted To The Following Form. Generic Character :—external And Internal Antennae Similar To Those Of The Crab (cancer) Properly So Called, Third Articulation Of The Pedi Palpi (pieds-mttehoires Extdrieurs) Terminated ...
Calcareous Spar
Calcareous Spar. Under This Term It Is Usual To Include Only Those Varieties Of Carbonate Of Lime Which Occur In Distinct Individual Crystals Of The Rhombohedral System, The Name Never Being Used To Denote Arragonite, Or Any Crystals Of Carbonate Of Lime Belonging To The Prismatic System ; Nor Is ...
Calculating Machines
Machines, Calculating. Before Computers Had Attained Great Proficiency In Performing Arithmetical Operations By The Pen, Machines By Which The Results Of Such Operations Could Be Obtained By Inspection Were In Almost Constant Use. The Roman Abacus [asacusj Continued To Be Employed In The South Of Europe Till The End Of ...
Calculus Of Variations
Variations, Calculus Of. The Preceding Words Might Seem Fit To Include Every Organised Mode Of Dealing With The Variations Of Value Which Algebraical Quantities Are Made To Receive; The Differ Ential Calculus, For Example : But They Have A Technical Meaning, Which We Proceed To Explain. When A Quantity Is ...
Calendula
Cale'ndula, A Genus Of Plants Belonging To The Natural Order Composites, The -sub-order Coryrnbilerce, The Tribe Cynarae, The Sub Tribe Calenclulacece, The Division Calendula& It Has. An Involuere Of Two Rows With Equal Scales ; The Flowers Of The Ray Ligulate, Pistil Liferous, Fertile ; The Style Divided At Top ...
Calfgus
Calfgus, A Genus Of Entomostracous Crustacea, Separated By Muller, In Which Latreille,and Lamarck Include The Genus Fondants Of Leach, But Which Desinarest Places Under The Fourth Sub-division Or Race Of Pcecilopoda : Namely, Those Which Have Fourteen Feet, Of Which The Six Anterior Are Unguiculated, The Fifth Pair Being Bifid ...
Calidasa
Calidasa Is The Tome Of One Of The Most Admired Indian Poets. Hardly Anything Is Known Concerning The Circumstances Of His Life. A Traditioo, Very General) Y Believed In India, Makes Him One Of The Ow14 Roe/ Or Distinguished Poets Who Lived At The Court Of Ring Vioranaklitys. If By ...
Calippus
Calippus, Author Of The Calippic Period. Calippus, Of Cyzicus, Lived About B.c. 330. He Is Said To Have Been A Disciple Of Plato. He Observed At The Hellespont, And Is Said To Have Detected The Error Of The Metonic Cycle By Means Of A Lunar Eclipse Which Happened Six Years ...
Call1onymus
Call1o'nymus, A Genus Of Fishes Belonging To The Abdominal Acanthopterygii And Family Gobia{lm. The Species Of This Genus Are Known In England By The Name Of Dragonets. Their Branchim Have But A Single Small Opening Placed Near The Nape Of The Neck ; Their Ventral Fins Are Widely Separated, Larger ...
Callicratidas
Callicra'tidas, A Spartan Officer Who Was Appointed To Succeed Lysander In The Command Of The Peloponnesian Fleet In The Tegean Sea, Me. 406, At The Beginning Of The Twenty-fourth Year Of The Pelo Ponoesian War. Of Simple, Straight-forward Character, Ho Was No Match For Lysander And His Friends In The ...
Callidium
Calli'dium, A Genus Of Coleopterous Insects Belonging To The Section Longicornea And Family Cerambycidce. It Has The Following Characters :—body Depressed, Thorax Wider Than The Head, Rounded At The Sides; Antennae Generally Shorter Than The Body ; Palpi Rather Short, The Terminal Joint Thicker Than The Rest, And Truncated At ...
Calophyllu3i
Calophyllu3i (from Naafis, Beautiful, And Leaf), A Genus Of Plants Belonging To The Natural Order Guttifertc. It Has A Bractless Calyx, Consisting Of From 2-4 Unequal Coloured Sepals; 4 Petals (some Times 2) Opposite The Sepabs; Indefinite Stamens, Free Or Connected At The Base; Filaments Short ; Anthers Inserted By ...
Calosoma
Caloso'ma, A Genus Of Coleoptorous Insects Belonging To The Acction Gcodephaga (m`l.stay), And Family Carabiela.. It Is Known By The Following Characters :—three Basal Joints Of Tho Anterior Tarst, In The Males, Much Dilated, The Fourth Joint Slightly So; Antennas With The Third Joint Longer Than The Rest; Labrum Bilobed; ...
Calumbo Root
Calumbo-root, The Bitter Tonic Root Of An Afribitteplant'&a.11ed Coceuzus Palmatus. Coecntus.] Sa 'i,,,, 10,• Cif Isycantfia' E/e, Calyeanths, The Calycanthus Tribeonsaturfil Order Of Hardy Dicotyledonous Plant; Well Known In Gardens For The Delicious Fragrance Of Their Blossoms. They Are In Some Respects Allied To The Magnolia, Or Star-anise Plant (illicium), ...
Calycophyllum
Calycophyllum (from Save, Calyx, And Cpealtov, Leaf), A Genus Of Plants Belonging To The Natural Order Cinchonacete. It Has The Limb Of The Calyx Truncate Or Bluntly 5-toothed, One Of The Teeth Expanded Into A Petiolate Coloured Membranous Leaf ; The Corolla Campanulate Or Funnel-shaped With A 5-plaited Limb ; ...
Calystegia
Calyste'gia (from Eaab/, Calyx, And Crrhce, To Cover), A G Sus Of Plants Composed Of Species Included Under Conre/ Rides, And By Robert Brown. It Is Distinguished By Two Large Bracts Which Inclose The Flower. It Has A 5-parted Calyx, A Cam Panulate 5-plicate Corolla, One Style, A 2-lobed Stigma, ...
Cam Erarius Joachim
Cam Era'rius. Joachim, Was Born At Ilemberg In 1500, Studied At Leiner*, And Became A Great Friend Of Melanethon And Other Reformers. The Duke Of Wildesoberg Cave Him The Direction Of The New Univer Sity Of Tilbinges. In 1511 Be Was Charged By Henry Duke Of Saxony With Refereeing The ...
Camelus
Camelus A Genus Of Ruminant Animals Without Horns ; Carnal Of The Hebrews, Djemal Of The Arabs, Kciunaor Of The Greeks, Camelus Of The Romans, Common() Of The Italians, Camello Of The Spaniards, Kameel Of The Germans, Chameau Of The French, And Camel Of The English. It Includes Two Species, ...
Camille Desmoulins
Desmoulins, Ca.mille, Was Born At Guise, In Picardy, In 1762. His Father Baying Obtained For Him A Free Education At The College Of Louis Le Grand, In Paris, He Commenced His Studies There In 1776. At This Public' School He Met With Robespierre, When An Intimacy Was Formed Which Lasted ...
Camoens
Camoens (dom Luis De-cam6es), Called The Homer And Virgil Of Portugal, For His Celebrated Poem Of The Lusiad; Was Born At Lisbon ; Though Coimbra And Santarem Have Disputed This Honour With Lisbon. There Is No Less Controversy About The Precise Year Of His Birth, Which, According To Some, Was ...
Cancer
Cancer, A Genus Of Short-tailed Crustacea, The Type Of The Family Canceri&e. Dr. Leach Restricted The Genus Cancer To The Form Of ,cancer Pagurus, Linn., The Large Eatable Crab Of Our Coasts, Which Was, When He Defined The Genus, The Only Species Known. It Has Tho Following Characters : External ...
Canis
Canis, A Genus Of Carnivorous Mammalia, Of Which The Common Dog May Be Regarded As The Type. Under The Linnman Genus Canis Are To Be Found The Dogs (canis Familiaris); The Wolves (canis Lupus); The Hymnal (canis Hyena); The Foxes (canis Vulpes), &c. ; The Jackals (canis Aureus); The Mexican ...
Canna
Canna, A Genus Of Plants Belonging To The Natural Order Masan Lacecr. It Has Spathaceous Flowers, Simple Anthers Attached To The Edge Of A Petal-like Filament, An Inferior Ovary, Thick Club-shaped Erect Free Style, A Linear Obtuse Stigma. There Are Several Species Of This Femur, All Of Which Are Known ...
Cannabis
Ca'nnabis (in Greek And In Latin Also Cannabis), A Genus Of Plants Belonging To The Natural Order Cannabinacur. Cannabis Satire!, The Common Hemp, Is A Plant Nearly Allied Botanically To The Nettle, With Which It Even Agrees Up Its General Appearance. It Is An Annual Dicecioue Plant, With Erect Nearly-simple ...
Canute
Canute. The Island Of Britain, Which, Compared With More Northern Countries Was Rich, Fertile, And Beautiful, Was A Constant Temptation To The Inhabitants Of The Shores Of The Baltic, And Of The Countries Now Forming The Kingdoms Of Norway And Sweden. These Northmen Possessed A Navy Which Enabled Them To ...
Capillary Vessels
Capillary Vessels, So Called From Their Hair-like Minute Ness. Tho Blood-vessels Of The Body Consist Of Arteries And Veins, The Arteries Carrying The Blood From The Heart, And The Veins Returning It To The Heart. The Blood-vessels That Supply The Body Are Arborescent, That Is, The Branches Which Spring From ...
Capre2e
Capre2e, A Sub-tribe Of The Family Bovidm Amongst The Ruminant Mammalia, And Equivalent To The Sub-tribes Boccie [bovinx], Anti Lopece, Strepsicerce [assrisopese], And Over [ove.e], According To Dr. Gray's Arrangement Of The Mammalia In The British Museum. The Caprece Include What Are Commonly Known By The Name Of Goats. The ...
Capsicum
Capsicum, A Genus Of Plants Belonging To The Natural Order Solonacete. The Species Are Called Bird-peppers. The Shell Of The Fruit Is Fleshy And Coloured, And Contains A Pungent Principle, Which Also Exists In Its Seed In Great Activity. On This Account Both The Fruit And Seeds Of Different Species ...
Captain James Cook
Cook, Captain James, Was The Eon Of An Agricultural Labourer And Farm-bailiff, Resident At Marton In Yorkshire, Six Miles From Stockton-npou-tees, And Was Born October 27, 1723. At An Early Age He Was Apprenticed To A Haberdasher At The Fishing-town Of Staiths, Near Whitby. Here His Genius Soon Showed Its ...
Captain John Dundas Cochrane
Cochrane, Captain John Dundas, R.n., Born About 1780, Distinguished Himself By Travelling Ou Foot In A Very Eccentric Manner Through France, Spain, And Portugal, And Afterwards Through Russia And Siberia, To The Extremity Of Kamtchatka. (seo ' Narrative Of A Pedestrian Journey Through Russia And Siberian Tartary, From The Frontiers ...
Captain Robert Fitz Roy
*fitz-roy, Captain Robert, R.n., Was Born In June 1805, And Is The Second Son Of General Lord Charles Fitz-roy, Who Died December 20, 1829. He Entered The Navy October 19, 1819, And Obtained His First Commission September 7, 1824. He Served In The Thetis Frigate On The Mediterranean And South ...
Captain Thomas Drummond
Drummond, Captain Thomas, Was Born At Edinburgh, In October 1797, The Second Of Three Ions. Ilia Father Died Whilst He Was An Infant; 1114 Mother Removed To Musselburgh, Where She Resided Many Years, Devoting Herself Entirely To The Education Of Her Children. Drummond Was Early Entered At The High School ...
Carabus
Ca'rabus, A Genus Of Coleopterous Insects, Of The Family Carabidm. This Must Not Be Confounded With The Genus Carabns Of Linnaeus, Which According To Many Of The Modern Authors Is Divided Into Several Families, And Each Of Those Families Contains Numerous Genera. The Necessity For Sub-dividing The Group Called Carabus ...
Caranx
Ca'ranx, A Genus Of Acanthopterygious Fishes, Und Belonging To The Family Scomberidir. This Genus Is Distinguished Chiefly By The Lateral Line Of The Body Being Furnished With A Series Of Scaly Plates These Plates Are Horizontally Keeled (especially On The Posterior Half Of The Body), And Frequently Terminate In A ...
Cardamine
Cardamine, A Genus Of Plants Belonging To The Natural Order Crucifera, The Sub-order Siliquosa, And The Tribe Arabidem. It Has A Compressed Pod, Flat Nerveless Valves, A Capitate Stigma, The Seeds In A Single Row, With The Funiculus Simple And Filifortu. The Species, Which Are Numerous, Are Usually Smooth Herbs, ...
Cardinal
Cardinal.] The Reign Of Wolaey May Be Considered As Having Begun After The Return Of Henry From His Expedition To France, Towards The Close Of The Year 1513 ; And Henceforth The Affairs Of The Kingdom For Fourteen Or Fifteen Years Were Directed Principally By The Interests Of His Ambition, ...
Cardinal Annidale Della Genoa
Leo Xii., Cardinal Annidale Della Genoa, Born In 1760, Of Noble Family Of The Romagna, Was Employed As Nuncio To Germany And France, By Pius Vii., Who Made Him A Cardinal In 1316. On The Death Of Pius Vii. He Was Elected Pope, In September 1823. He Was Well Acquainted ...
Cardinal Benedetto Odesoalchi Innocent
Innocent Xi., Cardinal Benedetto Odesoalchi, Of Como, Suc Ceeded Clement X. In 1676. It Is Said That He Had Been A Soldier In His Younger Years, Though This Has Been Denied By Others. (count Torre Rezzonico, ' De Suppositis Militaribus Stipendiis Benedetto Gdescalchi) He Was A Man Of Great Firmness ...
Cardinal Della Rover Julius
Julius Ii., Cardinal Della Rover;., Nephew To Pope Sixtus Iv., Succeeded Pius 111. In The Year 1503. Ile Had Distinguished Himself Under Preceding Pontifiattes By His Haughty Temper And Warlike Dis Position, Which Were Fitter Fur The Sword Than The Crosier. After His Exaltation To The Papal Throne He Began ...
Cardinal Giovanni Battista Innocent
Innocent X., Cardinal Giovanni Battista Tatum, Was Elected In September 1644, After The Death Of Urban Viii. He Was Then Seventy-three Years Of Age, And Is Said To Have Been In Great Measure Ruled By His Sister-in-law Donna Olimpia Maidalchini Panfili, Who Appears To Have Been An Unprincipled Woman, Very ...
Cardinal Gregorio Innocent Il
Innocent Il, Cardinal Gregorio Pam, Was Elected By His Party, After The Death Of Honorius Ii. In 1130, But Another Party Elected A Candidate Who Took The Name Of Anacletus 11. An Affray Between The Adherents Of The Two Followed This Double Election, And Innocent Was Obliged To Leave Rome ...
Cardinal Joseph Fesch
Fesch, Cardinal Joseph, Was Born At Ajaccio, In Corsica, On The 3rd Of January 1763; He Was The Son Of A Respectable Citizen At 1111e, And Half-brother Of Letitia Ramoliui, The Mother Of Napoleon I. In 1776, His Father Sent Him To The Seminary Of Aix, A College For Pre ...
Cardinal Lotiiariii8 Innocent 111
Innocent 111., Cardinal Lotiiariii8, Eon Of Tralsimudd, Count Of Segni And Of Claricia, Of A Noble Family Of Rome, Was Unanimously ' Elected In 1193, After The Death Of Celestine Iii. He Ascended The Papal Throne At The Vigorous Age Of Thirtssscven, Possessed Of Very Great Abilities, Indefatigable Industry, And ...
Cardium
Cardium, A Genus Of Bivalve Mollusca Belonging To The Ace Phalous Lamdlibranchiata. It Is The Type Of The Family Cardiadce, And The Species Are Known By The Common Name Of Cockle. The Shell Is Equivalve, More Or Less Cordiform, Oblong Or Transversely Ovate, Usually Inflated, Closed Or Gaping Posteriorly, Longitudinally ...
Carduelis
Carduelis, A Genus Of Birds Belonging To The Tribe Insessores, Division Conirostres, And The Family Fringillida. It Has A Lengthened Conical Compressed Beak ; The Point Attenuated And Acute ; Commissure Slightly Curved. The Nostrils Basal, Lateral, Covered By Small Incum Bent Plumes. Wings Lengthened, Pointed ; The First, Second, ...
Carex
Carex, A Genus Of Plants Belonging To The Natural Order Cyper Near, And The Tribe Caricece. The Flowers Are Diclinous, Arranged In Imbricated Spikes, Each Covered By A Glume ; The Female Flowers Have A Single Urceolate Persistent Perigone, In Which The Nut Is Completely Inclosed ; One Style With ...
Cari Acus
Cari Acus. [cenvttl.r..] Eariama, Or Sariama, The Name By Which The Palanedea Cristata Of Omelin, Dieholopaus Cristat Us Of Illiger, Micivelsetelits Of Geoffroy, The Saris Of The Guaranis Of Paraguay, And The Scriema Or Ceriema Of The Brazilian Natives, Is Known To The Portuguese Colonists Of Brazil. Martvave, Piso, D'azara, ...
Carica
Ca'rica, A Genus Of Plants Belonging To The Natural Order Papayacem One Of The Species, C. Papaya, Is A Remarkable Tree Found In Various Parts Of South America, With A Simple Unbranehed Erect Trunk, From 12 To 20 Feet High, Abounding In A Milky Juice, Having Broad 7.lobed Leaves A ...
Carinaria
Carina'ria, The Name Of A Genus Of Mollusc; Arranged By Cuvier Under His Fifth Order Of Gasteropods (lamarck's Heteropoda) As The Type Of That Order, And By De Blainville Under The First Family (nectopoda) Of His Order Nucleobran,chiata. The Shells Of This Genus Were Formerly Known To Collector') Under The ...
Carl Af Forsell
Forsell, Carl Af, A Swedish Philanthropist And Statistician, Was Born At Slottorp, In Tho Province Of Skaraborg, On The 18th Of March 1783. His Father Was A Colonel In The Army, His Mother, Whose Name Was Do Bruce, Was Descended From A Scottish Family Rattled Iu Sweden. At The School ...
Carl Freidrich Heinrich
Heinrich, Carl Freidrich, A Distinguished German Scholar, Was Born On Tho 8th Of February 1774, At Mosehleben, In The Duchy Of Saxe-gotha, Where His Father Was Pastor. Lie Received His First Edu Cation At The Kiesterschule Of Derided, And Afterwards At The Gymna Sium Of Gotha, Where Ho Enjoyed The ...
Carl Friedrich Gauss
Gauss, Carl Friedrich, One Of The Most Celebrated Mathe Maticians Of His Day, Was Born At Brunswick, April 23, 1777. Ho Displayed Early Such Marked Talent For The Abstract Sciences, That The Duke Of Brunswick, Charles Ferdinand, Undertook The Charges Of His Education. In The Thesis Which He Maintained In ...
Carl Heinrich Oraun
Oraun, Carl Heinrich, A German Composer Of Great Celebrity , During Part Of The Last Century, And Kapellmeister, Or Director Of Music, To Frederick Ii. Of Prussia, Was Born In Saxony In 1701. As A Boy He Was Entered At The School Of La Sainte Croix, At Dresden, Where The ...
Carl Richard Lepsius
* Lepsius, Carl Richard, The Son Of Carl Peter, A Distin Guished Writer On Mediaeval Architecture, Was Born At Naumberg En-the-saal, In Prussian Saxony, On December 24th, 1811. Ho Received His First Instruction From His Father, And In The Public School At Naumberg. In 1t28 He Proceeded To The University ...
Carlo Cignani
Cigna'ni, Carlo, Was Born At Bologna, May 35, 1628. His Father Was A Notary, But Claimed His Descent From An Old Ghibelline Family Of Florence, Who Had Been Driven From Their Native City By The Carlo, Who Showed An Early Teats For Painting, Was Put Under Giambatista Cairo For Instruction. ...
Carlo Dolci
Dolci, Carlo, Was Born At Florence, May 23, 1616. His Father Andrew, And His Mother's Father And Brother, Pietro And Bartolomeo Marinari, Were All 'minters, And Much Esteemed And Respected In Their Native City. At The Age Of Four Years, Carlo Had The Misfortnno To Lose His Father, And His ...
Carlo Giovanni Maria Denina
Deni'na, Carlo Giovanni Maria, Born In 1731, At Revello In Piedmont, Studied At Saluzzo And Turin, Took Priest's Orders, And Was Made Professor At Pinerolo. Having Discussed Rather Freely, In A Play Which He Composed, The Various Systems Of Education, He Incurred The Dislike Of The Jesuits, Who Had At ...
Carlo Goldoni
Goldo'ni, Carlo, Was Born At Venice In 1707, Of Is Family Originally From Modena. His Grandfather, In Whose House He Was Born, Was A Man Of Pleasure, Fond Of The Company Of Musicians And Comedians, And Young Goldoni Early Showed A Predilection For Thea Trical Performances. He Was Sent By ...