Establishments for Fire-engines and Houses for Washing and Bathing are intended for the useful application of water previously brought into them. Of buildings intended for service in the extinguishment of fires, only those for the storing of implements, or pmnping-honses, range in.this class: they need no special illustration, and only one example will be given (the force-pump, pl. 19, figs. 8, 9).
Paris Laundry. —Figure io (/5/. 19) gives the interior perspective of a public laundry in. Rue de Sevres, Faubourg Saint-Germain, Paris. The ntain hall here shown is lighted from above and has two tanks, or troughs, running the whole length of the hall. These troughs are supplied from the river Seine by a forcing apparatus. Parallel to them are tables for soaping the linen, which accommodate one hundred and fifty washerwomen and are furnished with a like number of spigots for use when required. The waste water is carried away in pipes beneath the flagstone floor. Next the wash-room is the bleaching; department, worked by steam. The arti cles washed, first arranged in nets and numbered, are placed in special vats, and the bleaching fluid, or lye, is driven through them by means of steam. The wash is then dried, by rotating- drying-machines, in from seven to ten minutes' time.
Bathing, Drinking, and IVashin,g Establi shment. II and 12 show a bathing-and-drinking establishment combined with one for wash ing, as built in Munster by Hauptner. The washing department is in the rear of the building, while the baths and the drinking fountains occupy the extensive front. The plan of the ground floor (fig. r) shows the sym metrical arrangement and the excellent architectural treatment of the de sign, while the facade (fig. 12), notwithstanding its simplicity, can be recommended for its effective and artistic appearance. The g-round-plan (fig. ii) shows, a, the fountain for drinking; b, buffet; c, c, stairs to second story; a', front entry; e, c, waiting-rooms; f, f, the ladies' baths; g, g, family bath; h, h, gentlemen's baths; i, i, rooms for male and female attendants; k, k, _sulphur baths; /, /, privies; m, kitchen; 71, 71, light-wells; o, boiler-house; p, engine; q, q, steam-bath ante-rooms; r, sweating-room; s, steam-bath; i, t, wash-house; u, ironing- and mangling-room; v, v, dry ing-machinery; zo,- Russian bath; r, exit-pipe; and y, s, warm- and cold water pipes. Over the waiting-rooms and the passage (a') are parlors in
the second story, and over the room w is a large tank.
Roman ana' River Baths. —Figures 13 to r9 give examples of establish ments where water is used exclusively for bathing. Figures 13 to 15 show a Roman bath, and Figures 16 to 19 a river bath. The numerous Roman baths constructed in recent years are arranged upon the model of the an cient Roman bath, the chief peculiarity being,- that the bather spends a certain time in a room heated to a high temperature by hot air before en tering the bath, which is lukewarm or cold; other processes, such as mas sage, or kneading- the bodv, douching, rubbing- with soap, etc., are added.
The Roman at flamburg (figs. is arranged as fol lows: From the entrance parlor (fig. 13), which is elegantly fitted and fur nished with divans, the bather proceeds into the cool room, or frig,idarium (fig. 15), adorned with aquariums, tables with flowers, etc. On the sides of.the frigidarium are sixteen small compartments which can be closed by means of curtains on the side next the central passage. Each of these compartments contains a bedstead with covers, wash-stand, chair, bath linen, slippers, etc. After disrobing in this apartment, he enters the warm room, or tepidarium (pi. 19, 14), an apartment with a high-vaulted ceiling, lighted from above, with a temperature of 122° Fahr. Into this room, the floor of which is tiled, a constant current of hot air is driven from below, the respired air escaping at the top through ventilators. After remaining in this apartment abont twenty minutes, the bather enters an other compartment, several degrees warmer, the sweating-room or sudato rium (jig. 14), seen through the open door. His stay is here limited to about ten minutes, during which he lies upon a bench and is manipulated by an attendant. He next passes to the lavatorium, or wash-room, where lukewarm water is poured over him repeatedly; he is then subjected to a douche, or shower-bath, at first lukewarm and gradually chilled, and is finally rubbed off. Wrapped in a bathing-robe, he returns to the frigida rium to rest upon the bed in the compartment first allotted to him as a dressing-room.