The R1.7'er _Baal Alagyleburg, on the Elbe (figs. 16-19), is remark able for its admirable appointments as well as for its favorable position in mid-stream (fig. 17). As in almost all baths of this kind, there are sepa rate divisions for men and women, and a swimming-basin. The entire structure is supported upon a raft, or float, anchored by chains, while it is free to rise and fall with the water of the river. The arrangement shown in the ground-plan (jig. 16) is as follows: The approach from the shore is made over a convenient bridge, which leads into the front garden-plat (a), with the main entrance (b) and buffet (e) immediately behind. On the left is the men's waiting-room (c), and that for the women is on the right (e/). A small kitchen is at f and a store-room at g; along the sides, galleries for women (i) and for men (h) lead to the controller's offices (k, 1). From them the bather either enters one of the compartment baths—of which there are fourteen for men (q, q) and the same number for women (r, r)— or the swimming-bath (..p). The latter has dressing-rooms at the side and a douche (o) behind, with rooms for attendants at 111 and n. At the extreme rear is a place for drying bathing-suits, etc. Figures IS and 1.9 show the construction of the swimming-basin and private baths. Both have plank flooring and lattice-work partitions below the surface of the water, to per mit its free flow. The swiniming--basin is not covered, but is surrounded bv a walk, which separates it from the dressing--rooms. The compartment baths have roofs which can be raised to admit light and air.
for the accommodation of those who drink the natural mineral waters of medicinal springs at watering-places often have bathing-rooms attached. These arrang-ements are of ancient origin, but the small fountains or spas intended for carl5onic-acid water or soda water are of entirely modern design. Figures 20 tO 23 illustrate two examples of the latter. A mineral-water stand in Berlin is seen in per spective (fi4,-. 2I) and in ground-plan (fig. 20). It consists of two divisions connected by a door; the division in front, which is furnished with a counter, is open, while the one behind is for storage and the temporary shelter of the person in charge. The building is of wood and has a pleas ing appearance. A similar edifice in Paris is seen in perspective in Figure 23 and in ground-plan in Figure 22 (pl. 19). It is graceful and light in its style of finish and adornment.
ana' which may be classed among the modern struetures devoted to useful purposes, are generally character ized by their light construction, -usually of wood and iron, and also by their consisting frequently of one lofty apartment with galleries; these buildings are rarely divided into stories. Market-halls and exhibition-halls have been described (p. 65) as being partly constructed of iron, especially the Crystal Palace at Sydenham and the World's Exhibition at New York in 1853. Halls for festivals resemble those devoted to exhibitions, for the reason that they also are generally erected for temporary purposes; in the former, however, as more permanent, iron is used to a greater extent, while halls for festivals are generally made exclusively of wood.
Dresden intended for the Schfitzen-, Turner-, and Sanger-fests are frequently quite elaborate in decoration and fanciful in de sign. An imposing example of this kind \vas constructed at Dresden in 1865 from plans by Giese and E. Milner, architects, for the first German
Sangerbundesfestes in that city. Figure 24 presents the exterior of this building. The hall, built on a pile foundation, and mainly of wood, was intended to accommodate twelve thousand singers and an audience of fifteen thousand. On the four corners were high towers, and between them six smaller towers. The hall proper consisted of a stage for the choristers and of the auditorium. Encircling the hall was a gallery for the display of the banners of the several societies. Large windows over the galleries, eighty-six in number, were filled with transparent variegated paper colored in oil instead of with glass; the handsome allegorical figures upon these had a very good effect. All the rooms were open to the public, and were artistically decorated with bunting, flags, painted shields, etc. The towers were divided into stories, and gave ample space for committee rooms, police, mail and telegraph offices, sick--rooms, retiring-rooms, beer buffets, etc. Under the great stage was reserved a place for the fire department.
Unitea' States main building of the Centennial Exhibition in xS76 was an immense structure (pl. iS,fig. 3). It was in the form of a parallelogram, extending east and west ISSo feet in length, and north and south 464 feet in width. The larger part of the structure was one story high, the main cornice on the outside being 45 feet above the ground and the interior height 7o feet. At the centre of the longer sides were projections 416 feet long, and at the centre of the short sides projections 216 feet long. The projections contained the main entrances and the central facades, 90 feet in height. On the corners of the building were towers 75 feet high. The roof over the central part for 184 feet square was elevated above the surrounding portion, with towers at each corner rising to a height of 12o feet. The ground-plan showed a nave, or central avenue, 120 feet wide and 1832 feet long. On either side of this nave were avenues of the same length and roo feet in width. Between the nave and the side avenues were aisles 48 feet in width, and on the outer sides aisles 24 feet in width. The foundations consisted of piers of masonry and the superstructure of wrought-iron columns supporting iron roof-trusses, the columns being composed of rolled channel-bars with plates riveted to the flanges. The columns in the building were uniformly 24 feet apart. Of the six hundred and seventy-two columns employed, the shortest was ,3 feet and the longest 125 feet, the aggregate weight being 2,200,000 pounds. The sides of the building, to the height of 7 feet from the ground, were finished in brickwork in panels between the columns. Above was glazed sash, parts of which were movable, for ventilation. The exterior of the structnre was ornamented with galvanized iron octagonal turrets extending from the ground to above the roof, to support flagstaffs. Louvre ventilators were placed over the nave and each of the avenues. Balconies, or galleries, from which the interior could be viewed, were provided in the four central towers. The building was erected as a temporary structure, the columns and trusses being so designed that they could be readily tak-en down and rebuilt upon another site. There were used in the construction four miles of pipe, 7,000,000 feet of lumber, and 8,5oo,000 pounds of iron. The structure cost $1,600,000.