//air.-Some tribes-the Eskimos, for instance (pl. 29, figS. 1, 2, 4) have an abundance of hair in the beard; generally it is scant (p1. 29, jig. 3; pi. 30, fig. 1.1), and is then usually extracted with special instruments. The hair on the head is, on the contrary, very long and abundant, some even among the men, hanging as low as the belt (pl. 31, fig% 12; p1. 33, N. 44, fi.c. P. figs. 3; 2, 3: pl. 49, fis,r. pl. 51, Jig. 4; comp. pl. 29, Ars. 1, 3). Generally, although not always, it is black, mostly straight and coarse, and only seldom shows indication of end (P. 44, fig. P/' fig. P. 49, fig. 4; P. 51, As:. 2) , still more rarely (upper Maranon or Amazon) of much curl.
It is worn differently, sometimes very long (North America), sometimes cut about the back of the neck and the forehead (Aleutians, Californians, p1. 30, fig. 14; 11. 40, fig. I), sometimes quite short, or shaved or burnt off except one long curl (scalplock; comp. j51. 29,fig. 3), or except a crown of hair on the top of the skull, as among the Botocudos (p1. 47, fig. 6; 48, figs. 1-4), or in other shapes (p1. 44, fig. 7). Sometimes it is parted, braided 42, fig. 5; 151 5o, fig. 2, 9; pl. 51, fig. 4), or is left in disorder.
less can a general type of features be set up, which is quite natural, considering the vast extent of the continent. The Eskimos do not differ more in features from the Algonkins than these do from the Botocudos, Californians, or Tupis. The forehead is often small and retreating (pl. 32, figs. 1, 3; AL 33, fig. 1; 35; /5/. 36, fig. 3; 1'/. fig. 3; 3, 5, fiL 44, fig. 7; fig. 47, figs. I, 3, 5; ib/- fig. 2; P. 49, fig. I), which was considered beautiful by the 'Mexicans (p1. 42, fig. 4), but is often, as our plates show, of a different shape. We find the invariable dark eyes, sometimes sloping, among the western Eskimos (pl. 29, fig. 3; pl. 3o, fig. 14), among the Inkalits (p1. 31, fig. 15), and the Kolushes; in Mexico (p1. 42, fig. 4), in Brazil (p1. 46, fig. I; p1. 47, fig. 2; 49, fig. 1), and in Patagonia; but in general they are perfectly hori zontal. They are rarely large, and often have a drooping appearance, especially when the expression of the features is earnest or sad. The nose, always pressed in at the root (p1. 29,fig. pl. 30, fig. 14; pt. 53, fig. 15), is frequently much curved and large (North Americans, /51. 31,
fig. 12; p1 32, fig. I; IS1. 33, figs. I, 2, 5, 6; Mexicans, 151. 41, fig. /51. 42, figs. 3, 4, 5; Brazilians, p. 48, fig. 1; Guianese, p1. 44, fig. 5)- It is the same, but also broad and fleshy, among the Peruvians (p1. 50, fig.
53, figs. 15, IS) and the inhabitants of the Pampas (p1. 51, fig. 2); frequently straight and broad, especially in the south and in California (p1. 4o, I); and also small and short, as among the Aleutians (p1. 3o, fig. 14), and, for instance, the Californians (p1. 40, fig. r) and the Brazilians (p1. 48, fig. 6). The noses of the Kolushes (p1. 31, fig. I I), of the Botocudos (p1. 48, fig. 3), and others bear a close resemblance to the peculiar form of the Eskimo nose (pl. 29, fig. I).
The month is found to be large almost everywhere, and the lips, espe cially the lower lip, thick; which form also is not infrequent among the Eskimos, while among the Mexicans the upper lip projects. The chin appears well formed everywhere; the oval shape of the face prevails in the north, among the Athabascan peoples (p1. 31, fig. 12), and also in Mexico and Peru, but throughout the rest of South America and among the Eskimos the round shape predominates. Piercing the ear-lobes and the lower lip is practised, especially amongst the Botocudos, to a most exag gerated degree (p1. 4S, figs. 1, 2, 3, 4); their ear- and lip-plugs (botoques) can be seen in natural size on Plate 47 (figs. 7, 8).
This custom also prevails among- the Brazilian peoples, and their ornaments are often still more barbarous and grotesque (p1. 44, fig. 7; /51. 47, fig. 12); while those of the Eskimos (p1. 29, figs. 2, 3), Aleutians 3m, fig. 3), and Kolushes fig. 5) are of a genuine American cha racter. In the extreme north the nose is frequently pierced (p1. 3m, figs. ix, 12); so, too, in Central America as well as in the south (p1.
7). Tattooing is almost universal, though each individual has but little of this ornamentation, which is mostly applied to the neck, mouth, and cheeks (151. 40, figs. I, 3; pl. 44, figs. 5, 7; N. 46, fig. 3; pl. 47, 3; 48, fig. 6; /5/. 49, fig. 5), and also to the forehead, nose (pl. 44, figs. 5, 9, mo), breast, and upper arm (p1. 33, fig. 5; p1. 47, figs. 3, 6; comp. p/. 49, fig. 5, the legs), but is rarely spread over the entire body (p1. 47, fig. 5).