THE AMERICANS.
TfIE aboriginal inhabitants of America constitute a single great race, in which are to be included the extreme northern peoples of the continent, the Eskimos and their relations the Kodyaks, Malaimiutes, Aleutians, and also the NamoHos, who have passed over into Asia. Some scientists class into one division with these peoples the North Asiatic tribes, the Kam chatkans, Yukagirs, Koryaks (Tchuktchis), etc., and this division is called the Arctic or Hyperborean, or the Behring people.
The Eskimos form a connecting-link between the Americans and the Asiatics. In many respects they are similar to the latter in physical structure and manner of living, but their language is entirely American in its structure, and their habits are more like those of the Americans than those of the Asiatics. In Western America especially their cha racter and physical appearance pass gradually and without precise bound aries into the class of distinctly American peoples, and, in spite of some resemblance to the Asiatics, they arc even physically distinct from them.
Both of these latter statements are confirmed by our illustrations. Compare, first, the Eskimos (N. 29, 1, 3, 4, 7) with the Kolushes (hl. 31, jigs. 5, T1, 15), also the Aleutians (p. 30, Jig. 14) with the Californians (Al. 40, Jigs. r, 3); then compare all these northern tribes with the South Americans (as in AL 44, figs. I, 2, 3, 9, 10, I r; pl. 45, fig. 8; Al. 46, Jigs. r, 2, 3; 15/. 47, figs. I, 2, 3, 6; 48, 1, 2, 3, 4, 9; A/. 49, fig. 4; pl. 50, fig. 2; Pl. 51, 4), and great similarity will be found amongst them. But on comparing them with the northern Asiatics (N. 75,•5; Al. 78, fig. 5; 1'1. 79, Jigs. r, 4, 5) it will be admitted that the latter are very much alike among themselves, but may easily be dis tinguished from the Americans. The Tchuktchi (on pl. 75, jig. 5) is a sedentary Koryak, but not a Namollo, though the Namollos are also called Tchuktchis; consequently, he belongs to the Asiatic tribe, and not to the American. Although a definite judgment regarding these peoples is not
yet possible, we feel compelled, on account of the reasons above men tioned, to class the Eskimos and their related tribes among the aboriginal Americans.
Classificalion and aboriginal Americans, therefore, include the following peoples (see AMA: 1. The Eskimos, as above stated; 2. The Kolushes (Thlinkits), on the western coast, from near Mount St. Elias to south of Vancouver Island; 3. The /ribes of Oregon, around the Columbia River; 4. The Dennis (Tinne) and the AThabascas, from the Kwichpak to Hudson flay and time Mississippi, to whom, among others, belong the Inkalits, the Tanana Indians (Middle Yukons), the Chippewyans, and, scattered southward, the Apaches and Navajos; 5. The Algonkins, from the Saskatchewan to Labrador and Nova Scotia on the north, and to the Ohio and, east of the Alleghanies, to the Savannah River on the south, including the Crees, Chippeways, Leuape, Blackfeet, etc.; 6. The Iroquois (including the Hurons, Susquehannocks, Tuscaroras, etc.) on the St. Lawrence and upper Ohio, and southward to Virginia; 7. The Dakotas or Sioux, on the Missouri and the Mississippi down to the Arkansas, to whom belong the Assiniboins, Minitarees, Mandans, and many others of the best-known tribes; S. The Pawnees, on the Platte and Kansas rivers; 9. The tribes, Cherokees, Choctaws, Muskokees, Semi noles, etc., on the lower Mississippi and thence to the ocean and in Florida; 1o. The Mexican peoples, among whom may be included the Sonora tribes and the Pueblo Indians of New Mexico, the Californians, the Slioshones or Utes, the Comanches and Yumas of the lower Colorado, the Pimos, the Moquis, Mojaves, and others; 1. The Central American tribes, from the Isthmus of Tehuantepec to that of Panama, embracing the Zapotecs, the Mayas in Yucatan, the ()niches, Cakchiquels and Xincas of Guatemala, the Mangues, Chapanecs, Guaymis, etc.; The Chibchas or Muyscas, in the United States of Colombia.