Crispi
Crispi, Kr6'spe, Francesco ( 1s ] 9-1901 ). An Italian Statesman, Horn At Ribera, In Sicily. Octo Ber 4. 1819. He Studied Law At Palermo And Was Admitted To The Bar There, And In 1846 At Naples. He Took An Active Part In The Sicilian Uprising Of 184s, And After ...
Critical Point
Critical Point. Experience Shows That There Is For Every Gas A Certain Temperature Above Which It Cannot Be Liquefied, No Matter How' Great The Pressure Exerted Upon It. Thus, Above 31.1° C. (s7.9s° F.) It Is Impossible To Liquefy Carbonic-acid Gas: Water Cannot Exist In The Liquid State Above 370° ...
Criticism
Criticism (fr. Criticisme, From Lat. Criti Ens, Gk. Ripmk4c, Kritikos, Critic, From Kpiveiv, Krint-in, To Judge). Criticism, As The Art Of ,judg Ment, Whether Favorable Or Adverse, Is Applicable In All Fields Of Human Accomplishment, And All In Ventions, All Institutions, All Life Are. Broadly Speaking, Within Its Scope. It ...
Croatia And Slavonia
Croatia And Slavonia (slay. Hrvatska I Islaroniga, Hung. Horvdt-sla Ronorszog. From Croat. Hrvat, ()church Slay. Khriivating, Slov. Khrrat. Karwat, Russ. Khrorate, Croat. And ()church Slay. Storieuinii. 'eo-aafinv6s, Esklavnos, A Slav, Whence Ger. Sklare, Engl. Stare). A Kingdom Of Austria-hungary, Constituting One Of The Lands Of The Hungarian Crown (map: Hun ...
Crocodile
Crocodile (lat. Crocodifus, Gk. Kpok6det Roc, Krokodeilos). An Aquatic Lacertifo•m Car Nivorous Reptile, Comparatively Gigantic In Size (several Feet In Length). Representing The Exten Sive Subclass Croeodilia, Regarded As The Most Highly Organized Of Reptiles; More Strictly One Of The Type-genus Crocodiles, Of The Family Croco The Internal Anatomy Generally ...
Crocodile Bird
Crocodile-bird. A Plover (marianne .egyptins) Of The Nile Valley. Sometimes Placed Amomg The Coursers (genus Cursorius). It Is Re Markable For Its Association With The Crocodile, And Now Is Usually :dentified With The T Rochil Or 'leech-enter' Of Herodotus, Whose Account Of It, Long Regarded As Is Quoted By Stej ...
Crofter
Crofter. A Term Designating A Class Of Small Tenants Of The Scottish Highlands And Is Lands Who Hold Arable Land In Severalty, And Usually Certain Rights Of Pasture In Common. The Crofter Is For The Most Part A Descendant Of The Lowest Class Under The Early Clan System; And The ...
Crome
Crome, Jortx (1768-1821). An English Landscape Painter. Founder Of The Norwich School. Lie Is Usually Called Old Crome. To Dis Tinguish Him Froni His Son Of The Same Name. Born On December 22. 176s. He Passed His Youth In Humble Circumstances, Acquiring His Taste For Painting During An Apprenticeship To ...
Cromwell
Cromwell, Tilom.ts, Ea Rt Of Essex I C.1490 1540). .\n English Statesman And Henry Val.', Prime Agent In Effecting The Reformation. Ile. Was Born At Putney. Near London. Inhere Hi. Father Engaged In The Varied Pursuits Of Black Smith. Brewer, Innkeeper, Fuller. And :.hearer Of Cloth. After A Meagre Education, ...
Cromwell Oliver 1599 1658
Cromwell. Oliver ( 1599-1658). Lord Protector Of England. He Was Born At Hunting Don, April 25, 1599, And Was The Only Surviving Son And Heir Of Robert Cromwell And Elizabeth, Daughter Of William Steward, Whose Family, Tra Dition Notwithstanding, Has No Connection With The Royal House Of Stuart. The Cromwell ...
Crookes
Crookes, Kroks. Sir William (1832—). An English Physicist And Chemist, Horn In Lon Don. He Studied Chemistry, And Later Assisted Hofmann At The Royal College Of Chemistry. In 1854 Lie Became Superintendent Of The Meteo•° Logical Department Of The Radcliffe Observatory, Oxford, And In 1855 Professor Of Chemistry At The ...
Crookes Tube
Crookes Tube. A Sealed Vessel Of Glass From Which The Air Has Been Exhausted And A High Vacuum Through Which A Current From An Induction Coil Or Other Source Of High Potential Electricity Is Passed. A Crooke.: Tube Differs From It Geissler Tube (q.v.) In The Higher Degree Of Its ...
Croquet
Croquet, (apparently A Varinat Of Fr. Crochet, Hook). No Other Open-air Game Played To-day Has Had Such Strange Thmtuations Of Fortune As Croquet. It Was A Favorite Game At The Courts Of Kings Two Hundred Years Ago. Yet By The End Of The Eighteenth Century It Had Sunk Into Oblivion, ...
Cross Examination
Cross-examination. The Examination Of A Witness On Behalf Of The Party Against Whose Interest He Has Been Called And Has Given Testimony. The Object Is To Test The Correctness Of The Testimony Given, To Disclose Any Prejudice, Lack Of Intelligence, Weakness Of Memory, Or Un Truthfulness That May Exist. And ...
Cross Fertilization In Plants
Cross-fertilization In Plants. As Early As 1 793 The German Botanist Sprengel Discovered The Main Facts, With Many Details, Of The Rela Tion Of Insect, To Flowers. He Observed The Won Derful Adaptation Of The Structure Of Many Flowers To This Or That Species Of Insect Visiting Them; He Satisfactorily ...
Cross As
Cross (as. Crac, 011g. Craci, Chraei, Ehrt7:e, Ger. K Run:, Prow. Cross, Cod; Of. Cross, (told', Eroi7, Elms, Fr. Croix, It. Erocc, Cross, From Hat. (•rux, Cross). 'ube Cross Was A Common Instru Ment Of Capital Punishment Among The Ancients; And The Death On The Cross Was Deemed So Dis ...
Crossbill
Crossbill. A Bird Of The Genus Loxia, Large Finches With A Singular Bill. The Mandibles —which Are Rather Long, Thick At The Base, And Nmeh Curved—crossing Each .other At The Points When The Bill Is Closed. These Mandibles Are Ca Pable Not Merely Of Vertical. But Of Lateral Motion, And ...
Croton
Cro'ton (neo-lat., From (1k. Kporwr, Kroton, Tick, Shrub Bearing The Casto•-berry, Which Was Thought To Resemble A Tick). A Genus Of Plants Of The Natural Order The Species Are Numerous, Mostly Tropical Or Sub-tropical Trees Or Shrubs, A Few Herbaceous. Sonic Of Them Possess In A Very High Degree The ...
Croup
Croup (scotch Eroupe, (tope, To Croak, Make A Harsh Noise). Since The Discovery Of The Cause Of Diphtheria, It Ha, Been Found That There Are Two Forms Of Disease Formerly Known As Croup: (1) False Croup. And (2) Menffiranous Croup, Which Is Diphtheria Of The Larynx. False Croup Is Caused ...
Crow As
Crow (as. ("mire, 01114. Eliraora, Rho, Ja, (4.r. Krahe, Crow, From As. Erorran, Ohg. Eh Rajan, (;e•. K•uhrn, To Crow; Probably Onomatopoetic In Origin). A Bird Of The Genus Corvus, The Type Of The Family Corviffir. The Crows Are A Widely Distributed Group Of Birds, Found In Nearly All Parts ...
Crowd As
Crowd ( As. Credo, Gerrod, Throng; Of Un Known Origin), Or Molt. In The Popular Sense, An Aggregation Of Individuals, Regardless Of Their Character Er The Purposes Which Brought Them Together. The Paychnlogical Signification Of A Crowd Is Different. The Aggregation Becomes A Crowd Only "when The And Ideas Of ...
Crown
Crown (mhutch Krune, Krone. Icel. Krina, Ger. Krone. 011g. Eoroac. Corona. Of. (-crone, Fr. Couronne. From Lat. Corona, Crown, Ok. Ko Pc:nn, Kortine, Curved End Of A Connected With Gael. Eruinn, Welsh Erten, Round, Lat. (w Ens. Curved). The Crown, As We Mulerstand It To-day, Resembles In Some Degree The ...
Crown Lands
Crown Lands. The English Sovereign Was At One Time Not Only The Nominal Owner, As Lord Paramount, Of All The Lands In England, But Was Also In His Royal Capacity One Of The Greatest Landowners In The Kingdom. He Was. By Virtue Of His Office, The Lord Of Many Manors, ...
Crucible Ml
Crucible (ml. En/cam/um, Crusibulu In, Melting-pot, From Of. Cruchc, Port. Erugo, Crock, From 011t,i. Eh Rimy, Ger. Krug. As. Crop, Jar, Ir. (-royal,. Gael. Crag, Welsh Crochan, Pitcher; Confused By Popular Etymology With Lat. Crux. Cross). A Vessel For Heating And Fusing Metals. Glass. And Other Materials Requiring A Great. ...
Crucifix
Crucifix (lat. Crud Fixus, Fastened To The Cross, From Crux. Cross + /igen., To Fasten F. A Cross With The Effigy Of Christ Affixed To It. It Must Be Distinguished. As An Instrument Of De Votion And Liturgical Use, From The Pictorial Or Other Representations Of The Scene Of The ...
Cruikshank
Cruikshank, Kruleslifink. George ( 1792 1878). An English Caricaturist. He Was Born In London, September 27, 1792, The Younger Son Of Isaac Crnikshank, Himself A Caricaturist. His Early Wish To Follow The Sea Was Opposed By His Mother, Who Desired That His Father Should In Struct Him In Art; But ...
Cruiser
Cruiser (from Cruise, Front Dutch Krui.sea, To Cruise, To Cross, From Krais, Gl1g. Craci, Ger. Krcuze, As. Eerie, Engl. Cross. From Lat.. Crux. Cross). A Built For Cruising. The Principal Features Of A Cruiser Are: (1) Sea Worthiness; (2) Ability To Keep At Sea For Long Periods (this Requires Large ...
Crusade
Crusade (fr. Croisadc, It. Crociata, From Cruciata, Crusade, From Cruciarc, To Mark With The Cross, From Lat. Crux, Eross). A War Undertaken For A Religious Purpose; Specifically One Of The Wars Waged By The Christians For The Recovery Of The Holy Land. Toward The Close Of The Eleventh Century, When ...
Crust Of The Earth
Crust Of The Earth. It Was Formerly Believed By Scientists That The Interior Of Our Globe Is In A State Of Fusion Due To Excessive Heat, And They Accordingly Gave The Name 'crust Of The Earth' To The External Solid Portion Of The Earth With Which We Are Familiar. Modern ...
Crypt
Crypt, Krii It ( Lat. Crypta, Gk. Tcpt/irry, Krypte, Crypt, Vault, From Tipin-retv, Krypt•in, To Hide). A Term Usually Employed To Designate A Chamber Under A Church. Wholly Or Partly Sub Terranean; Hut It Was Anciently Used To Mean A Subterranean Chapel In The Catacombs. As A Part Of A ...
Cryptography
Cryptography (gk. 7,:rmitos, Secret 7pr'zoetr, Graphein, To Write). The Art Of Writing Messages And Documents In Cipher, In Tended To Be Read Only By Those Possessing The Key. The Use Of Secret Methods Of Correspondence On Important Matters Of State Is Of Considerahle Antiquity. Plutarch And Gellius Tell Of A ...
Crystal Class
Crystal Class And Crystal Sys Tem. See Crystallography. Crys'tallin. See Globulin. Crystalline Lens (fr. Lat. Crystailinus, Gk. Npvara2.2,1p6g, Krystallinos, From Rp;fcfad,onc, Krystallos, Crystal, From Kpvc7u Sew, Krystancin, To Freeze, From Kinkic, Kryos, Frost). A Biconvex, Transparent, Solid Body, Situated Immediately Behind The Pupil Of The Eye, And Imbedded In The ...
Crystal Classes
Crystal Classes. No Less Than Thirty-two Crystal Classes Are Called For By The Mathematical Theory Which Is Based On The Study Of The Proper Ties Of Crystals. The Edifice Of Crystal Knowledge Is One Of The Best Founded In Theory Of Any In The Realm Of Physical Science. Believing The ...
Crystal Faces And Angles
Crystal Faces And Angles. On Every Single, Or Individual, Crystal The Dihedral Or Interfacial Angles Formed By The Faces Arc Never Reentrant. Moreover, The Faces Of A Crystal Are Usually Of Several Kinds Or Classes, And Those Which Are Alike, Or Of The Same Kind, Are Said To Comprise A ...
Crystallography
Crys'tallog'raphy (from Gk. P Irranoc, Krgsta/los, Crystal Ypdoetv, Praphein, To Write). The Science Which Treats Of Crystals. A Crystal Is A Portion Of Inorganic Matter Which Has A Definite Molecular Structure, And An Out Ward Form Hounded By Plane Surfaces Called Crys .tal Faces. These Bees Are Formed During The ...
Ctenophora
Ctenophora, Te-non-ra (neo-lat. Nom. Pl., From Gk. Kte1s, Ktcis, Comb + Oepelv, Phe Rein, To Bear, Carry). A Class Of Eadenterates, Composed Of Jellyfish, Characterized By The Ab Sence Of Nettle-cells And The Near Approach To Bilateral Symmetry. The Ctenophores Are Dis Tinguished By The Presence Of Eight External Rows ...
Cuban Literature
Cuban Literature. "in Cuba Every Body Versifies," Says The Eminent Critic 1len5ndez Y Pelayo. It. Is Certainly True That. In Her Composi Tions In Verse Cuba Has Made Her Most Important Contribution To Literature In The Tongue. The Earliest Poem Known To Have Been Writ Ten On The Island Is ...
Cubic Equation
Cubic Equation. A Rational Intogral Equation Of The Third Degree Is Called A Cubic Equation. It Is Called Binary, Ternary, Or Qua Ternary According As It Is Homogeneous Of The Third Degree In Two, Three, Or Four Unknowns. The General Form Of A Cubic Equation Of One Un Known Is ...
Cuckoo
Cuckoo. Ktikuu (fr. C011co21. Lat. Cueulus, Gk. Kokkv., Kokkyr. Cuckoo. Skt. Kaila, Cuckoo). A Name Given To Many Birds Of The Picarian Family Cumilidar, Which Contains About 175 Spe Cies, Mostly Confined To The Warmer Regions Of The Globe, Although Some Of Them Are Slimmer Visitors To Cool Climates. Only ...
Cucumber Diseases
Cucumber Diseases. The Cucumber Is Subject To The Attack Of A Number Of Fungi. Only The More Important Of Which Can Lie Mentioned. In The Seed-bed It Is Liable To The Attack Of Pythitun Deharyanum, The Disease Being Milled `damping Oft' (q.v.). In The Field One Of The Worst Pests ...
Cucurbitateze
Cu'curbitate.ze (neo-lat. Nom, Pl., Front Lat. Cucurbita, Gourd). An Order Of Dieotyle Donous Plants (the Gourd Family), Consisting Chiefly Of Herbaceous Plants, Natives Of The Warm Er Parts Of The World, Having Succulent Stems Which Climb By Of Lateral Tendrils, The Morphology- Of Which Has Been A Subject Of Much ...
Cufic Writing
Cu'fic Writing. See Kufic Writing. Cui, Ctsar Antonovitcii (1835—). A Russian Composer And Military Engineer, Born At Vilna. Ile Studied At The Gymnasium, Where His Father, A Survivor Of Napoleon's Army Of Inva Sion. Taught French. After Studying Music With Moniuszko (q.v.) For Some Six Months At Vilna, Lie Entered ...
Cullen
Cullen, \vau.esar (1710-90). A Scotch Physician, One Of The Most Celebrated Professors Of Medicine In The Universities Of Edinburgh And Glasgow. He Was Born At Hamilton, Scot Land, His Father Being Factor To The Duke Of Hamilton. He Acquired His Medical Education Between 1727 And 1736, Under Great Difficulties. But ...
Culpa
Cul'pa. At Roman Law, Napa Sometimes Means Fault In General, But In The Narrower And Usual Sense It Designates Carelessness Or Negli Gence. When Damage Has Been Done -without Right And Willfully (dolt)), The Doer Is Always Responsible. When Damage Is Occasioned By A Careless Act Or By Failure To ...
Cultivation
Cultivation. The Plant Requires For Its Best Development A Peculiar Soil And Climate. While The Method Of Cultivation Is About The Same In The Various Countries Where It Is Grown, That In The United States Is The Most Perfect. Although The Plant Is Not Really An Annual, It Is Treated ...
Cumacea
Cuma'cea. See Car Stace.a. Cii'211e (lat., From Gk. Ki5m), Eyto. An Ancient City On The Coast Of Campania. Founded Conjointly By Colonists From Chaleis And Cymtc In Eubtea. According To Strabo, It Was The Earliest Of All Greek Settlements In Either Italy Or Sicily, And It Is Probable That It ...
Cumberland Gap
Cumberland Gap. A Pass Through The Cumberland Mountains On The State Line Between Kentucky And Tennessee At The Southwestern End Of Virginia (map: Kentucky. H 4). It Is A Notch About 500 Feet Deep And In Some Places So Narrow As Merely To Allow Room For A Roadway. The Road ...
Cuneiform
Cuneiform, Vi-wi-form (from Lat. C11 ?icus, Wedge + Forma, Shape) Inscriptions. Cuneiform Writing, One Of The Oldest Systems Of The Alphabet Which Is Known, Originated In Meso Potamia, And Spread, Through The Influence Of Babylonia, Even To Armenia And To Egypt. The Earliest Texts In Cuneiform Writing Are At Least ...
Curana
Curana (kitt-rivnii) Wood. See Pim Curari, 1:7-rliw (south American), Cut Rare, Ourari. Urari, Woorale Or Wooltara. A Celebrated Poison Used By Some Tribes Of South American Indians For Poisoning Their Arrows. It Is By Means Of This Poison That The Small Ar Rows Shot From The Blow-pipe Beconuti So Deadly. ...
Curia Regis
Curia Regis (lat.), Or King's Court. The Ancient Supreme Court Of England, Known Also As The .lula Regia, Or Royal Hall (of Jus Tice). It Was Instituted By William The Con Queror As The Instrument Of His Judicial Au Thority As Supreme Head Of The State, And, Exer Cising, As ...
Curlew Of
Curlew (of. Corlieu, It. Chiur/o; Probably Onomatopoetic In Origin). A Shore-bird Of The Genus Numenius, And Snipe Family, Characterized Especially By Its Long, Slender, Downward-curving Bill, And Its Liking For Upland Plains Rathei Than Marshy Places. In America Are The Huds:onian Or Jack Curlew (numenius Fludsonicus), The Es Kimo Curlew, ...
Curling
Curling (so Called From The Twisting Mo Tion Of The Curling-stones). This Has The Unique Distinction Of Being The Only Ancient Game About Which There Is No Ambiguity As To Its Place Of Origin; It Is Purely A Scottish Game, And Wher Ever Scotehmen Have Gone, There The Game Flourishes. ...
Currant
Currant (fr, Corinthe, It. Corintho, Cur Rant, From Lat. Corinthus, Gk. K6plroor, Karin T)ros, Corinth; So Called As Being Originally Ex Ported From That City). A Name Used To Desig Nate Some Fruits Of The Genus Yids, As Well As Both The Plant And Fruit Of The Genus Ribes. Originally ...
Currency Ml
Currency (ml. Currentia, Current Of A Stream, From Lat. Currerc, To Rim). The Circu Lating Medium In Which Debts Are Paid And The Business Of The Country Transacted. This Would Seem To Be Also The Definition Of The Term Money, And, Indeed, Among Economic Writers There Is No Hard And ...
Current Meter
Current-meter. A Device For Measur Ing The Velocity Of Sub-.surface Currents, Usually For The Purpose Of Ascertaining The Discharge Of A Stream Or Channel. (see Blvnuounartiv.) Cur Rent-meters Are Made In Several Patterns, Hut They Are All Of The Same General Form. A Hori Zontal Metal Frame Or Body Carries ...
Curriculum
Curriculum (lat. Curriculum, A Running, A Course, From Currere, To Run). The Term Applied To A Course Of Study, Or Collectively To That Of Any Type Of Educational Institutions. As The Col Lege Curriculum, The High-school Curriculum, The Common-school Curriculum, Etc. The Historical Basis Of The Modern Educational Curriculum Is ...
Curtesy Of
Curtesy (of. Curteisie, Eortoisie, Fr. Cour Toisie, Courtesy, From Of. Curtcis, Cortois, Fr. Courtois, Courteous, From Ml. Oaths, Court, From Lat. Cons. Cohors, Place Inclosed : Connected With Gk. 46p7oc, Chortos, Garden, 01r. Wart, Sedge, Goth. Yards, Leel. Yarpr, House, Ohg. Wart, Circle, Ger. Gartcn, As. Ycard, Engl. Yard). In ...
Curtius
Curtius, Kr,t)r'ts-ms, Etot8t (1814-96). A Distinguished German Archaeologist And His Torian, Born At Ltibeck. He Studied Philology At The Universities Of Bonn, G6ttingen, And Berlin, Traveled In Greece And Italy. And In 1844 Was Ap Pointed A Professor At Berlin And Preceptor Of The Crown Prince Frederick William, Afterwards Frederick ...
Curvature
Curvature. The Curvature Of A Plane Curve At Any Point Is Its Tendency To Depart From A Tangent To The Curve At That Point. In The Circle This Deviation Is Constant, As The Curve Is Per Fectly Symmetrical Round Its Eentre. The Curva Ture Of A Circle Varies, However, Inversely ...
Curve Of
Curve (of. Courbc. Corbe, Fr. Courbe, Sp., Port., It. Cum), From Lat.curvus,curved,ochureh Slay. Krivii, Bent, Lith. Krcivas, Crooked). In Common Language, A Line That Constantly De Parts From A Fixed Direction. In Analytic Geome Try, However, The Word Curve Is Commonly Used To Designate The Locus Of A Point Moving ...
Cushing
Cushing, Kosvow, Caul] (1800-79). An American Statesman, The First American Minister Plenipotentiary To China. He Was Born At Salisbury, :mass., And Was Educated At Harvard, Where He Graduated When Seventeen Years Old. Ile Practiced Law At Newburtport, And Was Elected To The State Legislature In 1825 And To The State ...
Cushman
Cushman, Kasli'ma N, Cita Erorzr Sa Unders ( 1 6-76 ) • A Celebrated American Actress, Best Remembered Perhaps For Her Acting Of Meg Mer Rilies In Scott's Guy Hanneriny. She Was Born In Boston, July 23, Irk Of Puritan Deseent, And Was The Eldest Of Five Children Left Poor ...
Custom
Custom. In A Legal Sense, A Custom Is A Usage Which Has Obtained The Force Of Law. And Which Will, Accordingly, Be Enforced By Time Courts. As Is Explained In The Article On Customary Law, The Greater Part Of The Legal Rules Enforced By Society Are The Expression Of Customs, ...
Custom Of
Custom (of. Costume, Fr- Eoutumc, It. Cos 'lama, Ail, Eustnma, Costuma, From Lat. Con Suet Ado, Habit, From Consueseere, To Grow Accus Tomed, From Eonsuere, To Lie Accustomed, From Con, Together ± Suere, To He Accustomed; Prob Ably From Suns. (1k. Ide, Hew, Sc, Hos, Skt. Sra, Av. Bra. One's ...
Customary Law
Customary Law. The Body Of Customs Recognized As Binding In Any Social Group Or Community, And Enforced By Its Authority. As, In The Evolution Of Humanity, Social Habits Or Customs Precede The Definite Organization Of Social Groups, Such An Organization, When It Arises, Finds A Body Of Customary Observances Ready ...
Customs Duties
Customs Duties. Taxes Levied Upon Mer Chandise Which Passes A Frontier; Generally Upon Goods Imported. Such Taxes Are Of Very Early Origin, And In The Long Conflict Between The Eng Lish King And The Commons Over The Right Of Taxation It Was Claimed That These Taxes Were Ancient Customs Over ...
Cutaneous Sensations
Cutaneous Sensations (fr. Cutane, Port.. It. Cutaneo, From Lat. Cutis, Skin). The Sensations Aroused By Stimulation Of Skin And Mucous Membrane. The Term 'cutaneous' Is Ap Plied To All These Sensations, Although One Of Them, The Sensation Of Pain, Is Derived Not From The Cutis Proper, But From The Epidermis. ...
Cutlery
Cutlery (from En-tler. Af. Coteller, Of. Cotellier, Fr. Twitcher, From Ml. Cultellarins, Knife-maker, From Lat. Eultellus, Little Knife). A Term Broadly Applied To Cutting Instruments In General, But As More Commonly Employed Its Use Is Limited To Stall Cutting Utensils As Pocket, Pen, And Table Knives, Razors, Shears, And Scis ...
Cutting
Cutting. A Detached Portion Of A Plant Inserted In Soil Or Water For The Purpose Of Prop Agation. This Process, One Of The Oldest Forms Of Artificial Reproduction, Is Also One Of The Most Important. Plants In General Lend Themselves Readily To The Process, Thus Enabling The Propa Gator To ...
Cuvier
Cuvier, Geottoes Leopold Ciiretien Fre Deric Dagobert, Baron De (1769-1832). A French Naturalist, Founder Of The Science Of Comparative Anatomy, Horn At Monthiliard, Then In The Duchy Of Wiirttemberg, To Which Place His Father, For Merly An Officer In A Swiss Mercenary Regiment, Had Retired On A Pension. He Was ...
Cyanic Acid
Cyanic Acid (from Gk. Edavoc, Kyanos, Dark-blue). An Unstable Compound Of Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, And Nitrogen, Obtained By Heating Eyanuric Acid (q.v.) In A Current Of Car Bon Dioxide. Under Ordinary Conditions It Is A Volatile Liquid Having A Strong Pungent Odor, But Is Readily Transformed Into A White, Porcelain ...
Cyanogen
Cyan'ogen (gk. K Fwvoc, Kyanos, Dark Blue Vns, Genes, Producing, From 717 Vecrocu, Gignesthai, Lat. Gignere, Skt. Jun, To Be Born). An Important Compound Of Carbon And Nitrogen Obtained By Heating Dry Cyanide Of Mercury In Bard Glass Tubes. It Is A Poisonous Gas, 11:1\111g A Peculiar Odor And Dissolving ...
Cyanophyteie
Cy'anophyteie (neo - Lat. Nom. Pl.. From Gk. Taiavoc, Kyanos, Dark-blue + Otcac, Phykos, Seaweed). The Lowest Of The Four Great Groups Of Algw. They Are Called Blue-green From The Prevailing Color Of The Cell Contents, Which Are Tinted By A Diffused Blue Pigment Named Phycocyan. The Eell-structure Is Very ...
Cybele
Cybele, Sih'e-le (gk. Ka/3i.24, Kybelc',`pa, Fthe(t), Or Rhea Cybele, Or The Great _mother Of Tile Gods. A Divinity Whose Worship Spread Far And Wide Through The Ancient World, Though Its Early Seats Seem To Have Been Crete And Asia Minor. According To The Myth Which Belonged To The Worship Of ...
Cycadateze
Cyc'adateze (neo-lat. Nom. Pl., From Neo-lat. (teas. Gk. K.i.nor„ Kykas, African Cocoa Palm). One Of The Four Living Groups Of Gym Nosperms. In The Present Flora Nine Genera Of Cycads Are Recognized, Which Contain About Eighty Species. They Are Exclusively Tropical, And Are About Equally Distributed Between The Eastern And ...
Cycling
Cycling (from Cycle). The Use Or Act Of Riding The Cycle, Either Bicycle Or Tricycle. Al Though Now A Common Utility Of Every-day Busi Ness Life, As Well As A Means Of Recreation, It Had Its Origin At The Beginning Of The Latter Half Of The Nineteenth Century In What ...
Cycloid
Cycloid (gk. Slisxoct3775, Kyklocidns, Circle Like, From Kbrixos, Loklos, Circle + C‘oos, Cidos, Form). A Plane Curve, The Locus Of A Point On The Circumference Of A Circle Which Rolls Along A Straight Line. If, In Fig. 1, Circle 0 Rolls On The Line The Point P Traces The Arc ...
Cygnus
Cyg'nus (lat., From Gk. Iikvos, Ky•nos, The Swan). A Constellation In The Northern Hemisphere. Between Lyra And Cassiopeia. Eral Stars In This Constellation Have Received The Particular Attention Of Astronomers. See Stars. Cylinder (of. Cilindre, Fr. Rylindrc, From Lat. Cylind•us, From Gk. Ktlatvdpoc, Kylindros, Roller, From Kumpderv, Kylindcin, Kylicin, To ...
Cypress
Cypress (fr. Cypres, Lat. Cuprcssus, Gk. Kyparissos: Connected By Some With Bub, Gopher, A Sort Of Tree, Assyr, Giparu, Reed, Canebrake). Evergreen Trees And Shrubs Of The Genus Cupressus. And Of The Natural Order Coni Fern. They Have Small, Generally Appressed And Imbricate Leaves And Globular Cones Of A Few ...
Cyprus
Cyprus (lat., From Gk. Kilrpos, Kypros). Oue Of The Largest And Most Important Islands In The Mediterranean, In The Northeast Of That Sea, Nearly Equidistant From Asia Minor On The North And Syria On The East, 4g Miles From The Former, And About 50 Miles From The Latter (map: Turkey ...
Cyrenaic School
C'y'ren.a.'ic School. A School Of Phi Losophy Established By The Followers Of Socrates Upon His Death. Aristippus Of Cyrene, Its Founder, Taught That Pleasure Was The Highest Good, Thus Developing One Side Of The Socratic Teaching To The Exclusion Of All Others. Virtue For This School Meant The Course Of ...
Cyrenaica
Cy'rena'ica (lat., From Gk. Kvpnvala, Liyffnaia). The Name Of The District Whose Capital Was Cyrene (q.v.). It Comprised The Tableland On The North Coast Of Africa From The Great Syrtis To The Promontory Of Ardanis (ras El-nellah), Though Its Boundaries Fluctuated According To The Degree Of Subjection In Which The ...
Cyril
Cyril, (let. Cyril/us, Gk. Koplxxos, Kyrillos), Saint ( ?-444). A Bishop Of Alex Andria, One Of The Most Energetic But Least Amiable Of The Church Fathers. Lle Was Horn In Alexandria, But The Date Of His Birth Is Not Known. He Was Educated In The Des Ert, 65 Miles South ...
Cyril_2
Cyril And Metho'dius. The Apostles Of The Slays-in The Ninth Century. They Were Brothers, And Sprang From A Respectable Family Living In The Half-slavic, Half-greek Town Of Thessalonica. Hav Ing Been Ordained Priest. Cyril (whose Name Was Properly ('onst Ant Ine ) Because Secretary To The Pa Triarch Of Constantinople, ...
Cyrus Ballou Comstock
Comstock, Cyrus Ballou ( 1831—). An American Soldier And Military Engineer. He Was Born In West Wrentham, Mass., Graduated At West Point In 1855, Was Appointed Lieutenant Engineer, And From 1859 To 1861 Was Assistant Professor Of Natural And Experimental Philosophy At The Military Academy. On The Outbreak Of The ...
Cyrus The Younger
Cyrus The Younger ( ? -401 Tic.). The Second Of The Sons Of Darius Nothus, Or Ochus, And Parysatis, Familiarly Known Through Xeno• Phon's Anabasis. When His Elder Brother, Arta Xerxes Mnemon (q.v.), Succeeded To The Throne (n.c. 404), Cyrus Conspired To Deprive Him Of His Crown And His Life. ...
Cystoidea
Cystoi'dea (neo-lat. Norm Pl., From Gk. Socrra, Kystis, Bladder + Claos, Eidos, Form). A Class Of Extinct Echinoderms Of The Subphylum Pelmatozoa (q.v.), Allied To The Crinoids And Blastoids, But Differing From These Chiefly In The Irregular Arrangement Of The Plates Of The Calyx And The Imperfect Development Of Their ...
Cytase
Cy'tase (from Gk. Zairos, Kytos, Cavity, Cell). An Enzyme That Attacks The Cell-walls Of Plants And Alters The Chemical Composition Of Sonic Of The Components So That The Walls Swell Up In Water, Become Translucent, And Finally Dis Solve. The Process Is One Of Digestion. It Is Not Yet Known ...
Czacki
Czacki, Chills'ke. Tadeltsz, Count (1765 1813). A Polish Writer. He Was Born At Poryck, Volhynia. At Twenty Lie Obtained An Office In The Superior Court Of Justice At Warsaw, And In 17ss Was Appointed To The Treasury Commission Of The Diet. His Interest In The Economic Welfare Of His Country ...
Czar
Czar, Ziir (russ. Tsari, Bohem. Tsar, Ochurch Slay. Tsc'sari, Tsiisarii, Through 01-1g. Keisar, From Lat. Ca-sar). The Alternative Title Of The Russian Emperor; Also Written Tsar. During The Middle Ages The Emperor Of The East And The Mongol Khans Appear Under The Title Of Czars In Russian Contemporary Literature, While ...