P. s. White-barked Pine. Rocky Mountains. This species, although closely related to the preceding, is believed to t e different. It g,owe only at extreme alti tudes. It grows on the Cascade mountains of Oregon, on alpine peake in the Sierra Nevada mountains, and on high mountains in Idaho and Montana. The name is sugges ted by the color of the b ark of the tree, which Dr. Engel mann says is as white as milk, I P. Lamberiana. Sugar Pine. Sierra Nevada Moan faits. Found sparsely growing ou the Sierras of Cali fornia, through their extent, at altitudes of from 4,000 to 10,000 feet. ilia often 150 to 220 feet with a diameter of eight to fourteen feet. It is highly prized and eagerly aougpt by lainhernien for all artic,ea of n a ilding lumber, and is fast being exhausted. It is called Sugar Pine from the eweet resin which exudes from partially-burned trees. It ie also called Mammoth Pine and Shake Pine. It has enormous cones P. monticola. Soft Pine; Little Sugar Pine. California. Grows sparsely on th t high Sierras, at al, itudes of 7,000 to 11,000 feet. It sometimes attains a height of 150 to 200 feet, with a diameter of five to seven feet. It r' sembles . the Sugar Pine, but with whitish, much furrowed bark, and smaller cones. The timber is similar to that of White ;Pine, but is seldom used, because the trees are so inac cessible.
P. strobus. White Pine; Weymouth Pine. Eastern United States. An old, well-known, and useful tree, extending from Canada to Virginia, but plentiful in New Eogland, New York, and Pennsylvania. It is a large tree, beconaiug 100 to 150 feet h gh. It is the source of much of the lumber brought from the Northern States. It ie not only very valuable on account of its wood, but is one of the finest ornamental c tuifers.
P. Chihuahua. Southern Arizona and Northern Mexico.
Abies alba. White Spruce. New England and Alle gheny Mountains. A email tree, native of the northern portion of the United Star a and Canada, extending north ward to the extreme con :nes of vegetation. It grows from twenty to thirty feet high, according to soil and latitude. It is frequent in cultivation, and is considered a handsome tr e.
A. nigra. Black Spruce. New England and Alle gheny Mountaine. This tree has much the eame range as the preceding, occasionally being found farther south on the Alleghanies. In favorable situations, it forme quite a large tree, about seventy-five feet high, tall and straight. The wood is light, elastic, and strong, and valuable for many purposes.
A. Canadensis. Hemlock. New England to Wisconsin. A well known tree of the Northern States, extending northward to Hudsoife Bay, and southward along the mountains to North Carolina. It is one of the most graceful of spruces, with a light and spreading spray, frequently branching almost to the ground. The wood ie coarse-grained, but is need in great quantities for rough work. The bark is very extensively employed in
tanning.
A. Mertensiana. Western Hemlock. California and Oregon. This tree closely resembles the A. Canadensis. It grows from 1, 0 to 150 feet high, and forma a roundish, conical head. The timber is said to he soft and white and difficult to split.
A. Williamsonii. Williamaon'a Spruce. California and Oregon. Grows un the Sierras of California and on the Cascade mountains of Oregon, on high peaks of 8,000 to 12,000 feet altitude. A very graceful tree, attaining a height of 150 feet. The wood is of excellent quality, but ie too rare and inaccessible to be much known.
Douglasii. Douglas's Spruce. Rocky Mountains This species grows through the Rocky mountain region from Colorado to Nootka sound. On the Pacific coast it sometimes attains the immense size of 200 to WO feet in height, and a diameter of trunk of eight to fifteen feet. Its timber composes the great lumber wealth of Oregon and Washington Territory. The wood is soft and easily prized for masts, spars, and plank for ship bittilding, and is equally valuable f 'r other building purposse. A tree cut by Mr. A. J. Dufur, was six feet four inches in diameter thirty feet from the base, and 321 feet long.
A. Douglasii, var. inaerorarpa. Large-coned Spruce. Southern California. is was collected many ears ago on the mountains east of San Diego, Cal.; in 1874 sent td the Department of Agriculture by Mr. F. 31. Ring, of San Bernardino. Cal.; and again collected later by Dr. Palmer at San Felipe Canon, east of San Diego. It has cones four or five times the size of Douglasii, and will probably be confirmed as a new species.
A. Mehzil-sii. Meuzies's Spruce. Rocky Mountains. This species has a wide range in the Rocky Mountains from Colorado and Utah to Oregon and Sitka. Itgrows mostly at high altitudes, 7,000 to 9,000 feet. lu Utah, Mr. Ward eaye, it is easily distinguished from the other firs by the dense masses of its long, pendant, dark-brown cones at the top of the tree, which frequently obscure the foli age. The wood is fine-grained and white, and would he valuable for timberbutfor thenumerous slight curvenin the trunk which render it impossible to obtain saw-lots of any great length. In some places it ie incorrectly called hel ium, in others it is distinguished as spruce. Mr. Dula r, of Oregou, gives a somewhat different account of the tree as growing there. Ile says: It grows along the thle-lande and about the mouth of the Columbia river, and is seldom found at an elevation of more than 500 feet. The young trees make a beautiful evergreen of pyramidal form. The large trees grow from 150 to 20t1 feet high, and from two to six feet in diameter. The wood is soft, white, and free, much d for lumber.