Dharwar
Dharwar, Town And District, British India, In The South Ern Division Of Bombay. The Town (pop. In 1931, 41,671) Is A Railway Centre, Formerly Headquarters Of The Southern Mahratta Railway, Now Amalgamated With The Madras Railway. It Contains A Jail For Juvenile Criminals, A Mental Hospital, A College And Two ...
Dhole
Dhole, The "red Dog" Of India, Cyon Dukhunensis. It Is Distinguished From The True Dog (canis) By Possessing One Molar Less In The Lower Jaw. A Rufous Brown In Colour, The Dhole Is Somewhat Larger Than A Jackal And Hunts In Large Packs. It Is Principally Found In The Deccan, ...
Dholpur
Dholpur, An Indian State In The Rajputana Agency, With An Area Of 1,155 Sq.m. All Along The Bank Of The River Chambal The Country Is Deeply Intersected By Ravines ; Low Ranges Of Hills In The Western Portion Of The State Supply Inexhaustible Quarries Of Fine Grained And Easily-worked Red ...
Dhow
Dhow, A Type Of Vessel Used Throughout The Arabian Sea. The Language To Which The Word Belongs Is Unknown. Used Of Any Craft Along The East African Coast, It Is Usually Applied To The Vessel Of About 1 So To 200 Tons Burden With A Stem Rising With A Long ...
Dhrangadhra
Dhrangadhra, Native State, India, In The Western In Dian States Agency, Situated In The North Of The Peninsula Of Kathiawar, Bombay. Area Is 1,167 Sq.m. Pop. (1931) 88,961. Tribute, To The British Government And Tunagadh, £3,000. There Is A State Railway (metre Gauge) From Wadhwan Through The Town Of Dhrangadhra ...
Dhuleep Singh
Dhuleep Singh (183 7-1893 ), Maharaja Of Lahore, Was Born In Feb. 1837, And Was Proclaimed Maharaja On Sept. 18, 1843, Under The Regency Of His Mother The Rani Jindan, A Woman Of Great Capacity And Strong Will, But Extremely Inimical To The British. He Was Acknowledged By Ranjit Singh ...
Dhulia
Dhulia, Town, British India, Administrative Headquarters Of West Khandesh District In Bombay, On The Right Bank Of The Panjhra River. Pop. (1931) 39,939. Considerable Trade Is Done In Cotton And Oil-seeds, Cotton And Wool Are Woven, Cotton Ginning And Pressing Carried On. There Is A Technical School. A Railway Connects ...
Diabase
Diabase, In Geology, A Term Which Has At Different Times Carried So Many Meanings That It Has Now Lost All Definite Signifi Cance. Originally It Was Applied On The Continent To Many Pre Tertiary Basic Igneous Rocks, Mostly Of Extrusive Character. Later It Was Widely Accepted As The Group-name For ...
Diabetes Insipidus
Diabetes Insipidus Is A Morbid Condition Character Ized By The Passage Of Excessive Amounts Of Urine Of Very Low Specific Gravity (1.002-1•005) . The Urine Contains No Abnormal Constituent. The Patient Has Intense And Constant Thirst And Sometimes Health Appears To Suffer Very Slightly, For The Disease Runs A Slow ...
Diabetes Mellitus
Diabetes Mellitus Is A Morbid Condition In Which The Body Is Unable To Metabolize Sugars Efficiently. It Is This Condition Which Is Commonly Termed "diabetes" (see Metabolic Diseases), And It Is Believed That It Is Produced When There Is Insufficient Available Insulin (q.v.) In The Body. The First Sug Gestion ...
Diabolo
Diabolo, A Game Played With A Sort Of Top In The Shape Of Two Cones Joined At Their Apices, Which Is Spun, Thrown, And Caught By Means Of A Cord Strung To Two Sticks. The Idea Of The Game Appears Originally To Have Come From China. In 1812 It Became ...
Diaconicon
Diaconicon, In The Greek Church, The Name Given To A Chamber On The South Side Of The Central Apse, Where The Sacred Utensils, Vessels, Etc., Of The Church Were Kept. In The Reign Of Justin Ii. (565-574), Owing To A Change In The Liturgy, The Diaconicon Was Located In An ...
Diagonal
Diagonal, In Geometry, A Line Join Ing The Intersections Of Two Pairs Of Sides Of A Rectilinear Figure (gr. 61.6,, Through, 7covta, A Corner). ...
Diagoras
Diagoras, Of Melos, Surnamed The Atheist, Poet And Sophist, Flourished In The Second Half Of The 5th Century B.c. Re Ligious In His Youth And A Writer Of Hymns And Dithyrambs, He Became An Atheist Because A Great Wrong Done To Him Was Left Unpunished By The Gods. In Consequence ...
Diagram
Diagram, A Figure Drawn So That Geometrical Relations Among Its Parts Illustrate Relations Among The Objects Represented By The Figure, Supplemented Sometimes By Numerical Or Other Entries On The Figure Itself To Show Relations Not Represented Graphically By The Figure. The Purpose Of A Diagram Is To Present Vividly To ...
Dial
Dial And Dialling. Dialling, Sometimes Called Gno Monics, Treats Of The Construction Of Sundials, That Is, Of Those Instruments, Either Fixed Or Portable, Which Determine The Di Visions Of The Day (lat. Dies) By The Motion Of The Shadow Of Some Object On Which The Sun's Rays Fall. It Must ...
Diala
Diala, The Largest Tributary Of The Tigris Rises In The Per Sian Highlands Near Merivan And, For A Short Distance South Of Haleboja, Forms The Perso-iraq Frontier. It Joins The Tigris Just South Of Baghdad. After Leaving The Jebel Hamrin The River Runs Over Shingle Deposits And Is Extensively Used ...
Dialect
Dialect, A Characteristic Manner Of Speech, So Any Variety Of A Language (from Gr. Btaxecros, Conversation, Manner Of Speaking). In Its Widest Sense Languages Which Are Branches Of A Common Or Parent Language Are Its "dialects" As Attic, Ionic, Etc. And The Various Romance Languages Of Latin. Where There Have ...
Dialectic Dialectics
Dialectic (dialectics), A Logical Term, Generally Used In Common Parlance In A Contemptuous Sense For Verbal Or Purely Abstract Disputation Devoid Of Practical Value (from Gr. Btax€kros, Discourse, Debate; Btaxecruci, Sc. '.1-xvri, The Art Of De Bate). According To Aristotle, Zeno Of Elea "invented" Dialectic, The Art Of Disputation By ...
Diallage
Diallage, A Variety Of Monoclinic Pyroxene (q.v.) Usually Aluminous (see Augite), Characterized By A Prominent Parting Parallel To The Orthopinacoid (ioo) And Often Showing A Fibrous Structure. The Schiller Appearance Of Diallage Is Due As In Bronzite (q.v.) To The Interposition Along The Plane (i Oo) Of Thin Plates Of ...
Dialogue
Dialogue, Properly The Conversation Between Two Or More Persons, Reported In Writing, A Form Of Literature Invented By The Greeks For Purposes Of Rhetorical Entertainment And Instruction, And Scarcely Modified Since The Days Of Its Invention. A Dialogue Is In Reality A Little Drama Without A Theatre, And With Scarcely ...
Dialysis
Dialysis, In Chemistry, A Process Invented By Thomas Graham For Separating Colloidal And Crystalline Substances. If A Salt Solution Be Placed In A Drum Provided With A Parchment Bot Tom, Termed A "dialyser," And The Drum And Its Contents Placed In A Larger Vessel Of Water, The Salt Will Pass ...
Diamagnetism
Diamagnetism. Substances Which, Like Iron, Are At Tracted By The Pole Of An Ordinary Magnet Are Commonly Spoken Of As Magnetic, All Others Being Regarded As Non-magnetic. It Was Noticed By A. C. Becquerel In 1827 That A Number Of So-called Non Magnetic Bodies, Such As Wood And Gum Lac, ...
Diamantina
Diamantina (formerly Called Tejuco), A Mining Town Of The State Of Minas Geraes, Brazil, In The North-eastern Part Of The State, 3, 71 Of T. Above Sea-level. Pop. (1890) 7,75o; The Munici Pality 69,445. Diamantina Is Built Partly On A Steep Hillside Over Looking A Small Tributary Of The Rio ...
Diamantino
Diamantino, A Small Town Of The State Of Matto Grosso, Brazil, Near The Diamantino River, About 6m. Above Its Junction With The Paraguay, In 33" S., 56° 8' 3o" W. Population Of The Municipality (1920) 4,475, Mostly Indians. It Stands In A Broken Sterile Region 1,83 7f T. Above Sea-level ...
Diamede Islands
Diamede Islands, Two Small Islands, Krusenstern And Ratmonoff, Situated In The Behring Strait. See Alaska. ...
Diameter
Diameter, In Geometry, A Straight Line Passing Through The Centre Of A Conic Section And Terminated By The Curve (from The Gr. &a, Through, ?itpov, Measure). The "principal Diameters" Of The Ellipse And Hyperbola Coincide With The "axes" And Are At Right Angles; "conjugate Diameters" Are Such That Each Bisects ...
Diamond Match Company
Diamond Match Company, The Largest Match Com Pany In The United States, Was Incorporated On December 26, 193o, Under The Laws Of The State Of Delaware, Succeeding An Illinois Corporation Of The Same Name. It Is Engaged In The Manu Facture And The Sale Of Matches, Of Match-making Machinery, Of ...
Diamond
Diamond, Mineral Universally Recognized As Chief Among Precious Stones; It Is The Hardest, The Most Imperishable, And Also The Most Brilliant Of Minerals. These Qualities Alone Have Made It Supreme As A Jewel Since Early Times, And Yet The Real Brilliancy Of The Stone Is Not Displayed Until It Has ...
Dian
Dian, A Patrilineal People Closely Related To The Lobi And The Gan But More Advanced, Living Near Diebougou, Gaoua District, Upper Volta, Africa. See Labouret, "la Terre, La Chasse Et La Guerre Parmi Les Popula Tions Du Lobi," Annuaires Et Memoires, Comite Etudes Hist. Et Scient. (dakar, 1916-17) . ...
Diana Monkey
Diana Monkey, A West African Guenon Monkey (q.v.), Taking Its Name, Cercopithecus Diana, From The White Crescent On The Forehead ; Another Characteristic Feature Being The Pointed White Beard. The General Colour Is Greyish, With A Deep Tinge Of Chestnut On The Hinder Back. Together With C. Neglectus Of East ...
Diana
Diana, In Roman Mythology, An Italian Goddess In Later Times Identified With The Greek Artemis (q.v.). That She Was Originally An Independent Italian Deity Is Shown By The Presence Of Her Cult At Nemi, Which Shows No Foreign Influence. This Was In A Grove Beside The Lake Of (nemus) Nemi, ...
Diane De France
Diane De France (1538-1619), Duchess Of Montmor Ency And Angouleme, Was The Natural Daughter Of Henry Ii. Of France And A Young Piedmontese, Filippa Duc. She Was A Beau Tiful And Accomplished Girl. She Married In 1553 Horace Farnese, Son Of The Duke Of Parma, Who Was Killed At The ...
Diane De Poitiers
Diane De Poitiers Duchess Of Valen Tinois, Mistress Of Henry Ii. Of France, Was The Daughter Of Jean De Poitiers, Seigneur De St. Vallier, Who Came Of An Old Family Of Dauphine. In 1515 She Married Louis De Breze, Grand Seneschal Of Normandy, By Whom She Had Two Daughters. After ...
Diapason
Diapason (gr. &it Raccov, Through All), A Term In Music Originally Denoting The Interval Of An Octave. The Greek Is An Abbreviation Of 7) Sta Racrc7o Xopocov Av,u0covi.a, A Consonance Through All The Tones Of The Scale. In This Sense It Is Only Used Now, Loosely, For The Compass Of ...
Diaper
Diaper, The Name Given To A Textile Fabric, Formerly Of A Rich And Costly Nature With Embroidered Ornament, But Now Of Linen Or Cotton, With A Simple Woven Pattern; And Particularly Restricted To Small Napkins. In Architecture, The Term "diaper" Is Given To Any Small Pattern Of A Conventional Nature ...
Diaphonia
Diaphonia, In Greek Musical Terminology, Dissonance, As Opposed To Consonance. Later, That Is, In The Early Middle Ages, The Term Signified One Of The Earliest Kinds Of Descant (q.v.), Also Known As Organum, In Which The Parts Moved By Unvaried Parallel Motion In Fourths And Fifths. ...
Diaphoretics
Diaphoretics, The Name Given To Those Remedies Which Promote Perspiration. Among The Best Known Are Vapour Or Hot-water Baths, Or That Part Of The Process Of The Turkish Bath Which Consists In Exposing The Body To A Dry And Hot Atmosphere. Such Measures, Particularly If Followed By The Drinking Of ...
Diaphragm
Diaphragm (di'd-fram) (or Midriff). In Human Anatomy A Large Fibro-muscular Partition Between Cavities Of The Thorax And Abdomen; It Is Convex Toward The Thorax, Concave Toward The Abdomen, And Consists Of A Central Tendon And A Muscular Margin. The Central Tendon (see Fig.) Is Trefoil In Shape. The Fleshy Fibres ...
Diaphragm_2
Diaphragm (in Physics) The Thin Sheet Of Metal Or Other Material Used In The Telephone (q.v.), Microphones (q.v.), Gram Ophones (q.v.) And Loud Speakers, Whose Function Is To Convert The Electric Oscillations Into Sound Waves Or Vice Versa. ...
Diarrhoea
Diarrhoea, An Excessive Looseness Of The Bowels, A Symp Tom Of Irritation Which May Be Due To Various Causes, Or May Be Associated With Some Specific Disease. The Treatment In Such Latter Cases Necessarily Varies, Since The Symptom Itself May Be Remedial, But In Ordinary Cases Depends On The Removal ...
Diary
Diary, The Book In Which Are Preserved The Daily Memo Randa Regarding Events And Actions Which Come Under The Writer's Personal Observation, Or Are Related To Him By Others. The Person Who Keeps This Record Is Called A Diarist. It Is Not Until The Close Of The Renaissance (but See ...
Diaspore
Diaspore, A Native Aluminium Hydroxide, A10 (oh) Or Crystallizing In The Orthorhombic System And Isomor Phous With Goethite And Manganite. It Occurs Sometimes As Platy Crystals, But Usually As Lamellar Or Scaly Masses, The Flattened Sur Face Being A Direction Of Perfect Cleavage On Which The Lustre Is Markedly Pearly ...
Diathermy
Diathermy, A Term First Applied By Nagelschmidt In 1908 To The Use Of High Frequency Currents For Heating Locally The Tissues Of The Body. The Frequencies Employed Are 300,000 Per Sec. Or Above, Which Are Too Rapid To Affect The Nerve Endings. Hence Currents Of An Ampere Or More Can ...
Diatonic
Diatonic,, A Musical Term Signifying Literally "through The Tones," Otherwise Music In The Case Of Which The Notes Employed Are Confined To Those Of The Key, Major Or Minor As The Case May Be, In Which It Is Written. Hence Diatonic Music Gives A General Impression Of Strength, Simplicity And ...
Diaulos
Diaulos, Originally, In Greece, A Race Of Twice The Usual Length, Or Two Stadia; Also, In Architecture, The Colonnade Sur Rounding The Great Court Of The Greek Palaestra, So-called Because Its Total Circuit Was About Two Stadia, Or About 1,200 Feet. ...
Diaz Del Castillo
Diaz Del Castillo (c. 1492–c. 1593), Spanish Sol Dier And Author, Was Born At Medina Del Campo. In 1514 He Vis Ited Cuba And Five Years Later Accompanied Cortez To Mexico Where He Died. He Is Known Chiefly By His True Account Of The Discovery Of New Spain (3 Vols., ...
Dibra
Dibra (serbian Debar), A Fortified City In S. Serbia, Yugo Slavia, And The Key To The Upper Valley Of The Black Drin. Pop. 6,913, Of Albanians, Bulgars And Serbs. There Are Two Serbian Schools. Cattle Breeding Is The Chief Occupation But Some Maize And Tobacco Are Grown. There Are Sulphurous ...
Dibrugarh
Dibrugarh, A Town Of British India, Headquarters Of The Lakhimpur District Of Assam, On The Dibru River About 4 M. Above Its Confluence With The Brahmaputra. Pop. (1931) 18,734. It Is The Terminus Of Steamer Navigation On The Brahmaputra, And Also Of A Railway Line, Which Connects With The Assam-bengal ...
Dicaearchus
Dicaearchus, Of Messene In Sicily, Peripatetic Philos Opher And Pupil Of Aristotle, Historian, And Geographer, Flourished About 320 B.c. He Was A Friend Of Theophrastus, To Whom He Dedi Cated The Majority Of His Works. Of His Writings Only The Titles And A Few Fragments Survive. The Most Important Of ...
Dice
Dice, Small Cubes Of Ivory, Bone, Wood Or Metal Used In Gaming (o.fr. De, Derived From Lat. Dare, To Give). The Six Sides Of A Die Are Each Marked With A Different Number Of Incised Dots In Such A Manner That The Sum Of The Dots On Any Two Opposite ...
Dicentra
Dicentra, A Genus Of Perennial Herbs Of The Fumitory Family (fumariaceae), Containing 15 Species, Natives Of Asia And North America, 8 Of Which Occur In The United States And Canada. They Are Mostly Low Or Stemless Plants, A Few Of Which Are Culti Vated For Their Attractive Deeply Cut Or ...
Dichotomy
Dichotomy, Literally A Cutting Asunder, The Technical Term For A Form Of Logical Division, Consisting In The Separation Of A Class Into Two Subclasses, One Of Which Has And The Other Has Not A Certain Quality Or Attribute (gr. 5l A, Apart, R I.wely, To Cut). Men May Be Thus ...
Dickcissel
Dickcissel (spiza Americaiuz), A Common North American Bird Between The Rockies And The Alleghanies From Minnesota And Western Ontario Southwards. It Is Recognized By Its Yellow Breast, Wing-band, Sides Of Throat And Eye-streak, And Is Slightly Over 6in. Long. ...
Dickinson
Dickinson, A City In The South-western Part Of North Da Kota, U.s.a., On The Heart River And Federal Highway Io, At An Altitude Of 2,43of T. ; The County Seat Of Stark County. It Is A Divi Sion Point-on The Northern Pacific Railway, Which Has Repair Shops Here. The Population ...
Dickson City
Dickson City, A Borough Of Lackawanna County, Pa., U.s.a., In The Anthracite Region. It Is On The Lackawanna River, 5m. N.e. Of Scranton, And Is Served By The Delaware And Hud Son, The Erie, And The New York, Ontario And Western Railways. ,the Population In 1920 Was I1,049; In 1930 ...
Dicotyledons
Dicotyledons, In Botany, The Larger Of The Two Great Classes Of Angiosperms (q.v.), Embracing Most Of The Common Flower-bearing Plants. The Name Expresses The Most Universal Character Of The Class, The Importance Of Which Was First Noticed By John Ray Namely, The Presence Of A Pair Of Seed-leaves Or Cotyledons, ...
Dictating Machines
Dictating Machines: See Office Appliances. Dictator, In Modern Usage, A Ruler Enjoying Extra-con Stitutional Power, In Ancient Times, An Extraordinary Magistrate In The Roman Commonwealth (from The Lat. Dictare, Frequen Tative Of Dicere). The Earlier Official Title Was Magister Populi, Which May Mean "head Of The Host" As Opposed To ...
Dictionary
Dictionary, A Book Containing A Collection Of The Words Of A Language, Arranged Alphabetically Or In Some Other Definite Order, With Explanations Of Their Meanings And Often With Other Information Concerning Them, In The Same Or Another Language. Besides The Meanings, There May Be Given, And Usually Is In The ...
Dictum De Omni Et
Dictum De Omni Et Nullo. This Is The Name Of The Alleged Aristotelian Principle Of Deductive Inference. There Are Various Formulations Of It. That Given By Crackenthorpe Is Per Haps As Near To Aristotle's Meaning As Any : Quidquid Affirmatur (sive Negatur) Universaliter De Aliquo, Idem Affirmatur (sive Nega Tur) ...
Dictyonema
Dictyonema. A Genus Of Important Fossils Composed Of A Network Of Filaments Radiating From A Base Of Cell-bearing Branches, Their Structure Being Similar To Fenestella. (see Also Graptolites.) It Is Characteristic Of The Uppermost Cambrian In Europe And America And In Silurian Formation. Dictyonema Is Also The Name Of A ...
Dictys Cretensis
Dictys Cretensis, Of Cnossus In Crete, The Supposed Companion Of Idomeneus During The Trojan War, And Author Of A Diary Of Its Events. The Ms. Of This Work, Written In Phoenician Characters Was Translated Into Greek By The Order Of Nero. In The 4th Century A.d. A Certain Lucius Septimius ...
Dicuil
Dicuil (fi. 825), Irish Monk, Grammarian And Geographer. His De Mensura Orbis Terrae, Finished In 825, Contains The Earliest Notice Of A European Discovery Of And Settlement In Iceland And The Most Definite Western Reference To The Old Fresh-water Canal Between The Nile And The Red Sea, Blocked Up In ...
Dida
Dida, A Bush Population Of The French Ivory Coast Between The Bandama River And The Rio Fresco. Their Language Is Related To Bete. See Delafosse, Vocabulaires Comparatifs (1904)• ...
Didactic Poetry
Didactic Poetry, That Form Of Verse The Aim Of Which Is Less To Excite The Hearer By Passion Or Move Him By Pathos Than To Instruct His Mind And Improve His Morals. The Greek Word Otbakrucos Signifies Apt For Teaching, And Poetry Of The Class Under Discussion Approaches Us With ...
Diderots Versatility
Diderot's Versatility Diderot's Interest In Human Nature Expressed Itself In Didactic And Sympathetic Form ; In Two, However, Of The Most Remarkable Of All His Pieces, It Is Not Sympathetic, But Ironical. Jacques Le Fataliste (written In 1773, But Not Published Until 1796) Is In Manner An Imitation Of Tristram ...
Dido Or Elissa
Dido Or Elissa, The Reputed Founder Of Carthage (q.v.), Daughter Of The Tyrian King Mutton, Wife Of Acerbas. Her Hus Band Having Been Slain By Her Brother Pygmalion, Ditlo Fled To Cyprus, And Thence To The Coast Of Africa, Where She Purchased From A Local Chieftain, Iarbas, A Piece Of ...
Didot
Didot, The Name Of A Family Of Learned French Printers And Publishers. Francois Didot (1689-1757), Founder Of The Great Ness Of His Family, Was Born At Paris. He Began Business As A Bookseller And Printer In 1713, And Among His Famous Produc Tions Was A Collection Of The Travels Of ...
Didymi Or Didyma
Didymi Or Didyma, An Ancient Sanctuary Of Apollo In Asia Minor In The Territory Of Miletus And On The Promontory Poseideion. It Was Sometimes Called Branchidae From The Name Of Its Priestly Caste Which Claimed Descent From Branchus, A Youth Beloved By Apollo. As The Seat Of A Famous Oracle, ...
Didymium
Didymium, Originally Regarded As A Chemical Element, Was Found By A. Von Welsbach In 1885 To Be A Mixture Of The Two Elements, Praseodymium (q.v.) And Neodymium (q.v.). (see Also Rare Earths.) ...
Didymus Chalcenterus
Didymus Chalcenterus (c. 63 B.c.—a.d. 1o), Greek Scholar And Grammarian, Flourished In The Time Of Cicero And Augustus, And Taught In Alexandria And Rome. His Surname, Which Means "brass-bowelled," Came From His Industry; He Was Said To Have Written More Than 3,50o Books. He Wrote A Treatise On Aristarchus' Recension ...
Didymus
Didymus , Surnamed "the Blind," Ecclesiastical Writer Of Alexandria, Was, In Spite Of Becoming Blind At The Age Of Four, One Of The Most Learned Men Of His Day, Respected By Jerome And Athanasius. He Became Head Of The Catechetical School Of Alexandria. He Was Condemned By The Sixth And ...
Die Sinking
Die Sinking, Art Of Making Tools, Called Dies, By Means Of Which Metals And Other Materials Are Pressed Or Cut Into Various Shapes By A Hammer Or An Ar Rangement Of Levers. The Die Is Usually Cut From Steel By A Ma Chine, But Where Extreme Accuracy Is Required, E.g., ...
Die
Die, A Town Of South-eastern France, Capital Of An Arrondisse Ment In The Department Of Drome, 43 M. E.s.e. Of Valence On The Paris-lyons Railway. Pop. (1930 2,71r. Under The Romans, Die (dea Augusta Vocontiorum) Was An Important Colony. It Was Formerly The Seat Of A Bishopric, United To That ...
Diekirch
Diekirch, A Small Town Of Luxemburg, Situated On The Banks Of The Sure. Pop. (193o) 3,858. Its Name Is Said To Be Derived From Dide Or Dido, Granddaughter Of Odin And Niece Of Thor, Whose Name Is Also Associated With The Mountain Once Known As Thorenberg (now Herrenberg) Behind The ...
Dielectric
Dielectric. The Insulating Medium Separating The Con Ductors In A Condenser Was Called By Faraday The Insulating Dielectric. The Term Dielectric Is Now Used To Denote Any Insulator When It Is Regarded As A Medium In Which Electromagnetic Stresses May Be Set Up. The Dielectric Constant For A Substance Is ...
Dieppe
Dieppe, A Seaport Of Northern France, Capital Of An Arron Dissement In The Department Of Seine-inf Erieure, On The English Channel, 38 M. N. Of Rouen, And 1o5 M. N.w. Of Paris By The Western Railway. Pop. (1931) 24,236. It Is Suggested That Dieppe Owed Its Origin To Norman Adventurers, ...
Dies Irae
Dies Irae (lat., "day Of Wrath"), The Opening Words Of A Latin Hymn On The Last Judgment, Ascribed To Thomas Of Celano (c. 125o) And Forming Part Of The Office For The Dead And Requiem Mass; In Music, The Traditional Plain-song Melody To Which The Words Are Sung And Settings ...
Diesel Engine
Diesel Engine. In 1892 Dr. Rudolf Diesel (q.v.) Patented The Type Of Internal-combustion Engine With Which His Name Is Now Inseparably Associated, Though It Was Not Until That The First Real "diesel" Was Built. Independent Tests Of An Engine Were Conducted By Prof. Schroter At Augsburg In 1897, And Diesel ...
Diest
Diest, A Town In The Province Of Brabant, Belgium, On The Demer At Its Junction With The Bever. Pop. (193o) 8,389. The Chief Industry Is Brewing. ...
Diet
Diet, A Term Used In Two Senses, (i) Food Or The Regulation Of Feeding (see Diet And Dietetics), (2) An Assembly Or Council. We Are Only Concerned Here With This Second Sense, And In Particular With The Diet Of The Holy Roman Empire And Its Relation To Its Successors In ...
Diether Von Isenburg
Diether Von Isenburg (1412-1463), Second Son Of Count Diether Of Isenburg-bildingen, Was Rector Of The University Of Erfurt In 1434 And Became Archbishop Of Mainz In 145o. He Led The Movement For The Reform Of The Empire, And The Opposition To The Papal Encroachments, Supporting The Theory Of Church Government ...
Dietrich Of Berne
Dietrich Of Berne, Name Given In Popular Story To Theodoric The Great. The Legend Differs So Widely From The True History That Even In Mediaeval Times Some Doubted The Connection, And Noted The Staring Anachronisms. But The Identity Seems To Be Proved By The Names Dietrich (theodoric), Dietmar (theudemir), Berne ...
Diez
Diez, Town Of Hesse-nassau, Prussia, Germany, In The Deep Valley Of The Lahr', Crossed By An Old Bridge, 3o M. East From Coblenz On The Railway To Wetzlar. Pop. 3,309. It Is Over Looked By A Former Castle Of The Counts Of Nassau-dillenburg, Now A Prison. Close By, On An ...
Die_2
Die, A Word Used In Various Senses For A Small Cube Of Ivory, Etc. (see Dice) ; For The Engraved Stamps Used In Coining Money, Etc. ; And Various Mechanical Appliances In Engineering. In Archi Tecture A "die" Is The Term Used For The Square Base Of A Column, And ...
Differential Equations
Differential Equations. If We Have Given The Re Lation Y = Sin X And Differentiate Twice With Respect To X, We Find That Y"+y = O. This Latter Equation Is An Ordinary Differential Equation. In General, An Equation Involving Derivatives Of Y With Respect To X, Together Possibly With X ...
Differential Forms
Differential Forms. The Theory Of Differential Forms Is A Branch Of Mathematics Which Presupposes Several Other Branches, Including Differential Calculus, Algebra, And Theory Of Functions. In Essence, It Is A Theory Of Transformations Of Co Ordinates, Such As X = F (x', Y', Z') Y=g(x',y',z') Z=h(x', Y', Z') Which Are ...
Differential Geometry
Differential Geometry Embodies The Theorems Concerning Curves, Surfaces And Other Manifolds Which Involve Applications Of The Calculus. Straight Lines, Circles, Planes And Spheres Are Geometrical Entities Possessing The Common Property That Any Part Of One Of Them Has The Same Shape As Any Other Part. Other Curves And Surfaces Do ...
Differential Psychology
Differential Psychology Is That Branch Of Psychology Which Deals With The Differences Found Among Indi Viduals And Groups In Mental Traits And Performances. Individual Differences Are Attributable Broadly To The Two Opposed, But Closely Interwoven, Forces Of Nature And Nurture, Or Heredity And Environment. In The First Category Are The ...
Differential
Differential, In A Motor Car (q.v.), The System Of Gears (usually Situated In The Back Axle) By Means Of Which One Driving Wheel May Revolve With Increased Speed While The Other Is Checked (in Taking Corners, Etc.). In Physics, Differential Apparatus, E.g., A Differential Thermometer (see Thermometry), Is Designed In ...
Differentiation
Differentiation, A Term Used In Biology Signifying The Evolutionary Process, By Which Certain Modifications Of The Body Both Structural And Functional Take Place In Plants And Animals. In The Vegetable Kingdom The Evolution Of Growth Is Usually From The Simple To The Complex Form, The Organs Develop Ing Into More ...
Diffraction Grating
Diffraction Grating, A Series Of Parallel Straight Lines Spaced At Equal Intervals In One Plane Or On A Concave Sur Face. A Beam Of Radiation After Falling On Such A Grating, Is Resolved Into A Spectrum (see Spectroscopy And Light). ...
Diffusion
Diffusion, In General, A Spreading Out, Scattering Or Cir Culation; In Physics The Term Is Applied To A Special Phenomenon, Treated Below. The Word Is From The Lat. Di Ff Undere; Dis-, Asunder, And Fundere, To Pour Out. I. General Description.—when Two Different Substances Are Placed In Contact With Each ...
Diffusivity
Diffusivity, The Rate Of Propagation Of Temperature, As Distinct From Heat (q.v.), Along A Body. It Depends On The Thermal Conductivity K, Density P And Specific Heat S Of The Material, According To The Equation : Diffusity . Ps ...
Digest
Digest, A Term Used Generally Of Any Digested Or Carefully Arranged Collection Or Compendium Of Written Matter, But More Particularly In Law Of A Compilation In Condensed Form Of A Body Of Law Digested In A Systematic Method; E.g., The Digest (digesta) Or Pandects (iiavhekrac) Of Justinian, A Collection Of ...
Digestion
Digestion. Most Of The Food Substances Taken By Animals For Nourishment Require Some Alteration Before They Can Be Ab Sorbed Into The Blood And In This Way Carried To All Parts Of The Body. The Conversion Of Foodstuffs Into Diffusible Or Assimilable Substances Is Known As Digestion And Is Carried ...
Digestive Organs
Digestive Organs. The Digestive System Comprises Greater Range Of Structure And Diversity Of Function Than Any Other System In The Animal Body. The Pathological Changes Met With, Therefore, Differ Widely At First Glance. Essentially They Are Identical In All Situations, The Apparent Differences Depending On Variation In Prominence Of The ...
Digit
Digit, Literally A Finger Or Toe (lat. Digitus, Finger), And So From Counting On The Fingers A Single Numeral, Or, From Measuring, A Finger's Breadth. In Astronomy A Digit Is The 12th Part Of The Diameter Of The Sun Or Moon ; It Is Used To Express The Magnitude Of ...
Digitalis
Digitalis. In Pharmacy, The Leaves Of The Foxglove (q.v.) Gathered From Wild Plants When About Two-thirds Of Their Flowers Are Expanded. Digitalis Contains Four Important Glucosides, Of Which Three Are Cardiac Stimulants. The Most Powerful Is Digitoxin C3.hm01,, An Extremely Poisonous And Cumulative Drug, Insoluble In Water. Digitalin, Is Crystalline ...
Digne
Digne, The Chief Town Of The Department Of The Basses Alpes, In S.e. France, 14 M. By A Branch Line From The Main Railway Line Between Grenoble And Avignon. Pop. (1931) Town, 4,65o; Commune, 7,051. The Dinia Of The Romans, It Was The Capital Of The Bodiontii. From The Early ...