WINDOW AND DOOR FINISH Outside Finish around Win dows. Wherever there is an open ing in the wall of a wood build ing, such as a window or a door, the outside finish, consisting of shingling, clapboarding, or other covering, has to be cut through, and if no special provision were made for the finish around the opening there would he as a result a very ragged appearance. In order to avoid this it is cus tomary to place all around the window opening pieces of finished timber which are known as old side trim, outside arehitralie, or outside casing. These pieces form a stop for the wall covering.
Fig. 304 shows a window opening in elevation looking from the outside and showing the outside trim. At A is shown the casing around the sides and head of the window and at B is shown the sill. In Fig. 305 is shown a section through the sill at the outside of the wall. Here, A is the sill itself which extends through the wall to the inside and receives the sash as will be explained later; B is the rough framing for the opening and this piece goes between the verti cal studding at the sides of the rough opening; C is the outside boarding attached to the studding; D is the wall covering of shingles or clapboards; and E is building paper which must be placed between the outside boarding and the covering. It will be noticed that the under side of the sill is ploughed to receive the shingles or clap boards and that it projects out over the wall line a distance of about 1 inch, so as to let rainwater drip to the ground without touching the wall. This figure shows the simplest sort of sill, such as would be used only for very cheap work. In more important work it is customary to add another piece, called an "apron," under the pro jecting part of the sill, as shown in Fig. 306, where A is the apron, B is the sill, and C is the wall covering. The purpose of the apron A is to cover the joint between the wall covering and the sill and to give it a finished appearance. Fig. 307 shows a section taken through the side or jamb of the window shown in Fig. 304. Here, A is a section through the vertical studding at the sides of the rough open ing, B is the outside architrave with the molding C attached to it, F is the outside boarding, G is the building paper, and E is the wall covering of clapboards or shingles.
The outside architrave B is nailed at one side directly into the studding, and at the other side it is ploughed so as to join into another piece called the "pulley stile," the purpose of which will be explained later. This pulley stile must be placed at least 2;1 inches from the studding A, leaving a space marked II in the figure, which is called the "weight box" or "pocket," in which arc placed the weights for operating the window. The arrangement of these weights will be ex plained in detail later. It will be seen that the width of the outside architrave B is determined by the width of the weight box which it has to cover. It will also be seen that the architrave B projects beyond the pulley stile D by a small amount at the point marked K in the figure. This projection is usually about 2 inch and is for the accom
modation of the sashes. The purpose of the molding C is to form a projection against which the shingling or the clapboards can be stopped. The building paper G should be carried around as shown and the wall covering placed over it, so as to thoroughly cover the joint between the outside boarding and the molding C. This is to keep the weather from entering the building through this joint. If more room is required in the weight box this may be obtained by setting the outside architrave B outside of the outside boarding, as shown in Fig. 308. The molding C may then be dispensed with if desired, since it is no longer required as a stop for the wall covering, which can stop against the edge of the outside architrave B.
Pulley Stile. In Fig. 307 we have seen that the piece D, called the pulley stile, forms one side of the box where the weights for the window sashes are concealed, and that it is fastened to the outside architrave by a tongued and grooved joint. Besides forming one side of the box for the weights, the pulley stile acts as a guide for the sashes, which slide up and down in grooves formed by the outside architrave, the parting strip, and the stop bead, as is shown in Fig. 309. In this figure, which is a section taken horizontally through the window jamb, A is the pulley stile, which should be 18 inch thick but may be made / inch thick if the windows are not large. B is the "parting strip," so called because it comes between the sashes and separates them from each other. It is let into the pulley stile as shown, and is usually s inch thick and about 1 inch wide. It must extend the full height of the pulley stile. K is the "stop bead," so called because it comes in front of the inside sash and holds it in place, forming one side of the groove in which the sash slides. The other side of the groove is formed by the parting strip, as shown in the figure. The stop bead is really a part of the inside finish, and is usually made of hard wood. It is screwed in place so that it can be easily removed, and when it has been taken out the sashes them selves can be removed also. The stop bead must be wide enough to go a little past the edge of the pulley stile and lap over onto the piece L, which is a part of the inside finish called the "inside architrave." The stop bead thus covers the joint between the outside and the inside finish. In Fig. 309 it will be seen that the outside architrave C, the parting strip B, the stop bead K, and the pulley stile A, together form a sort of pocket about the edges of the sashes HII, in which they slide up and down freely but out of which they can not fall either toward the inside or toward the outside of the building. Near the top of the pulley stile there is cut in it a mortise and in the mortise is placed a pulley about 2 inches in diameter, made especially for the purpose.