Fig. 323 shows a section taken vertically through the sill of a window of the casement type, which opens out. A is the rough piece which forms the bottom of the rough opening, B is the out side boarding, C is the plastering. D is the sill, and E is the sash. F and G are the inside finish which cover up the rough sill D. It will be seen that the sill D is ploughed on the under side to receive shingles, as was the sill of the double-hung window. It is rabbeted on the top to receive the sash E, and rabbeted again under the sash so that there will be less chalice that the drippings from the sash will be driven into the inside by the wind. The under edge of the sash is also ploughed as shown at H in order to catch these drippings if they are blown in. This sill is for a sash which is placed near the outside of the frame, while Fig. 324 shows a sill suitable for a sash placed, as shown in Fig. 321, nearer the inside of the frame. In this figure, E is the sash and D is the sill.
The casement windows so far described arc for sashes which are made to open out, but casements are also made to open in. Fig. 325 shows a horizontal section through the jamb of such a window frame and sash. A is the sash with a half-round fitting into a mor tise in the frame which is rabbeted as well to receive the sash. B is the frame, the sash being placed on the inner edge of the frame. Another method of forming the frame is shown in Fig. 326. Here, as in Fig. 325, A is the sash, and B is the frame which is ploughed as shown at C. This allows the sash to be made without the tenon shown in Fig. 325 and is, there fore, cheaper and easier to make as regards the sash without being any more expensive as regards the frame. The hinges in this case come at the point marked D and they would come in the same position in Fig. 325. In Fig. 327 is shown a vertical sec tion through the bottom of a casement window opening in. It will be seen that the sill B differs but little from the other sills shown before. It is rabbeted on the inside for the reception of the sash A, and at C is shown a special drip piece which is let into the sash and which is ploughed on the bottom so as to receive any drops of water which may be blown under it by the wind. All casement sashes opening in should be provided with something of the kind.
Transoms. It is often desirable to separate the lights of a win dow, whether it is a double-hung window or one of the casement type, by means of a horizontal division called a "transom." In this case the additional light which comes above the transom is in the nature of an extension to the window proper, and it is usually hung in a different way, sometimes being made stationary so as not to be allowed to open at all. Fig. 32S shows a double-hung window with a transom and a transom sash. A is the transom, B is the transom light, C is the upper sash of the window proper, D the lower sash, and E is the meeting rail. In Fig. 329 is shown a casement window with a transom, A being the transom, B the transom light, CC the two lights of the window proper which are hinged at the sides, and D the meeting stile. As no description of the meeting
stile for casement windows has yet been given, a section through the stile is shown in Fig. 330. The bead at AA may he omitted if desired and the stiles may be made plain. This, of course, cheapens the construction some what.
A transom for a double-hung window must combine two mem bers, namely, a headpiece for the window proper, and a sill for the transom sash to stop against. These properties determine the construction of the transom. In Fig. 331 is shown a section taken vertically through the transom of a double-bung window, and it will be seen that the two members have been provided for. A is the sill for the transom sash, which is shown at C, while B is the head jamb for the main win dow frame, the upper sash being shown at 0. The piece D is in line with the outside casing of the window at the jambs, and E is the stop bead which is in line with the stop bead at the sides. The space marked II is filled with blocking. G is the window stool on the inside and F is the finished face of the transom on the inside.
In Fig. 332 is shown a section taken vertically through the transom of a casement sash such as is shown in Fig. 329. It will be seen that this transom differs somewhat from the transom shown in Fig. 331, the head for the casement frame being quite different from the head for a double-hung window frame.
In this figure, A is the top rail of the lower part of the window, that is, of the casement sash itself, while D is the bottom rail of the transom sash which forms the upper part of the window. At II is shown a small groove in the top rail, which is intended to catch any water which may be driven through the open ing between the sash and the frame dur ing heavy rains. This groove should be deeper at one end of the top rail than it is at the other end, so that the water will flow away toward the side and be carried down to the sill, which will throw it outward. E is the stop bead immediately inside of the casement sash. B is the piece which forms the head of the case ment frame, and is the same in outline as the pieces which form the jambs. On top of the piece B is the sill C of the transom frame, and the two are placed close together so as to form really one solid tran som. The sill piece is made with a wash on top, the slope of which should be about 2 inches to the foot, and on top of the sill piece comes the lower rail of the transom sash D. The piece F is a stop bead carried across the frame on the inside just above the sill piece for the transom sash to stop against in case it is hinged at the top to swing outward, or to receive the hinges in case it is hinged at the bottom to swing inward. The latter arrangement is the most common one. The piece C forms the inside finish of the transom bar and may be treated in any way desired.