344 shows a section taken hori zontally through the jamb of an interior door frame, the same section also serving for a section through the head of the frame taken vertically since the two sections will be the same. In this figure, AA are the studs in the partition at the side of the door opening, and forming the rough framing for the opening. BB are the grounds for the plaster C to stop against, and these grounds, of course, go all around the door opening, on both sides, and across the top. D is the finished door jamb, the head being exactly the same in section. The jambs are usually made I* inches thick, but some times only 8 inch. F is the door itself, shown 11 inches thick, although closet doors are frequently made of less thickness than this, and some heavy doors might be thicker. At one side of the frame the door is hinged, the hinge being fastened partly to the edge of the door, and partly to the frame, but at the other side of the frame there must be something provided to form a stop for the door. There are several methods of applying the "stop," one of which is shown at E in the figure. It is fastened to the jamb, but is in the form of a separate piece. The stop is carried all around the door opening, and is usually set back from the edge of the jamb on both sides by an amount equal to the thickness of the door, so that the door can be hung at either edge of the jambs, or at either side of the partition. The final finish of the door opening is the "architrave" or "casing," which is shown at GG. This must be at least wide enough to extend from the edge of the jamb over onto the plaster so as to cover the joint entirely.
Another method of making the door frame is shown in Fig. 345.
Here, the frame is rabbeted to form a place for the door, and there is no need of a stop. Such a frame is usually made thicker than the one shown in Fig. 344, and is rabbeted to a depth of z inch, and the thickness of the door. The principal objection to this method is that at the head of the door, which is rabbeted the same as is the jamb, the part of the frame which shows above the door itself is greater on one side of the door than it is on the other. Therefore, unless all the doors in a room open into that room, or all of them out from the room, they will not line with each other at the head. For this reason it is better, to use some form of frame with a separate stop planted onto it, or a frame rabbeted on both sides.
The lettering in Fig. 345 is the same as in Fig. 344, and need not be explained again.
The only finish about a door frame with the exception cif the door itself, is the architrave or the trim as it is sometimes called. It is also called casing.
This is shown at G in Fig. 344. It may be made of any design desired, and as wide as desired, it being only necessary that it shall cover the plaster ground B, and project over onto the plaster C. The architrave is usually worked out of 8-inch stuff, but may be made thicker as necessary. Its thickness is determined by the ness of the base or skirting in the room, which base or skirting has to stop against the architrave at each side of the door opening.
In Fig. 346, at A, is shown what is known as a "back band." It goes behind the architrave, as shown, and is used when for any reason it is necessary to have the architrave set out from the face of the plaster. Its purpose is to cover up the joint between the architrave and the plaster surface. Of course it may be molded as desired. It is usually made 1. inch thick and as wide as necessary. In Fig. 346 B is the architrave, C the plaster ground, D the lathing and plastering, EE the studding in the wall, F the door, G the jamb, and II the stop. It will be seen that the stop II is set into the jamb G. This makes a good, solid construction, but it is not often done on account of the trouble and expense involved.
Doors. The construction of doors is essentially the . same, whether they are to be used as outside or as inside doors, the only difference being in the thickness of the door and in the finishing of it. The most simple kind of door is, of course, a single piece of board, with hinges at the side, but this is almost never satisfactory for any purpose, as it is likely to warp, crack, and shrink, and has not suffi cient strength. It is customary in every case to build up a frame of comparatively heavy pieces and then to cover it over or to fill it in with lighter stuff in the form of panels. In such a framework for a door, the vertical pieces are called stiles, and the horizontal pieces are called rails. There are always at least two stiles and at least two rails, a stile at each side of the door, and a rail at top and bottom, but there may be more than two of each of these members. The stiles usually extend the full height of the door, from top to bottom, and the rails are tenoned into them. As mentioned above, the number of rails may be varied to suit the conditions, or the taste of the designer, so that the door will have many small panels, or a few larger ones. After the frame has been built up in this way, the door may be finished as desired, that is, with sunk panels in the spaces between the rails and stiles, or with the framework covered with sheathing on one or both sides so as to present a plain surface without panels. Most of the simple, heavy doors for use in incon spicuous positions, such as doors for barns and outhouses, gates on walls, etc., are made with only one side covered with sheathing fas tened to a rough frame.