The duchy is divided into twenty-eight portions, called Justice and Domain Bailiwicks, in the capital of each of which is an inferior court of law. The whole population, when enumerated in 1817, was 302,796.
Wiesbaden, the capital of the dukedom, contains 5188 resident inhabitants; and in the season of the bathing, in some years, sees between 9000 and 10,000 visitors. The other cities are very small. Dillenberg has 2502 ; Limburg, 2303; Weiiburg, 2171; and Riklesheim, 2035. There are 55 smaller cities and market towns ; 806 villages ; and 1186 noblemen's seats and isolated farms.
Oldenburg, a ducby bounded by the territories of Hanover on every side, except towards the north, where it terminates on the shores of the German Ocean. it has, besides, two small portions of terri tory on the north aide of the Elbe in Holstein, from whence_ it is called the Duchy of Holstein-Olden burg. The duke is an absolute sovereign, uncon trolled by an assembly of the states, though a consti tution is in contemplation to establish their meeting. The revenue is calculated at L.120.000 Sterling, and the expenditure at something less; the debt is very trifling. The army is reduced to 1650 regulars; and it' the confederation should demand the contin gent, they may be made to reach 2180 by draughts or enlistment fiom the militia. The whole land is a plain mostly of barren sands, but with some rich meadows on which oxen are fattened, and much butter and cheese is made. The dams to prevent inundations on the richest land numerous and expensive. The larger portion of the farms are not in villages, but at a distance from each other in the centre of the lands. The principal productions from the ploughed land are rape-seed and flax from the marshes. The upper land produces only rye and potatoes, and the crops of them are very scanty. A scarcity of wood is compensated by turf for fuel. The salted beef, bacon, hams, and sausages, are the means, by the sale of which, the inhabitants procure clothing and ether comforts. The number of inha bitants is 225,389 ; the distinction of religions is not ascertained; the far greater part are Lutherans, who have 91 churches ; the Catholics, 81 ; and the Re formed, 9. Education is more neglected than in any other part of Germany. The whole extent of the surface is 2680 English or 1,488,320 acres. The capital city. Oldenburg, contains 5222 ants ; the others are, Jever, 3400; Hamtnelwarden, 9262 ; Els9eth, 2808 ; Varrel, 2614; and Eaten in Holstein, 2841. The population is, except Mecklen burg, the least dense of any state in Germany.
Brunswick, a duchy, is surrounded by the Prus sian dominions on every side, except the north west, where it joins to the kingdom of Hanover. The sovereign is assisted by the states, who have the power of originating laws. The revenue amounts to about L. 380,000 Sterling ; but more than half of it arises from the patrimonial domains of the duke. The expenditure is reduced below the income, and the debt left by Jerome Bonaparte of L. 1,000,000 Sterling is already considerably reduced, and is ex pected to be extinguished by the time the minority of the duke, who was born in 1804, expires. The regular troops are now reduced below 1400 men, and the remainder of the contingent, when needed, must be supplied by draughts from the militia. The country is generally very pleasant, well cultivated, and fruitful. The ploughed land is 291,575 ; gar dens are 16,752; meadows, 42.059; inferior pas ture, 207,751 ; woods, 284,423 ; and lakes, 2217 acres. The stock of live cattle, when last enumerated, consisted of 50,500 horses ; 86,400 cows and calves; 258,965 sheep ; 8291 goats ; 116 asses and mules ; and 8450 hives of bees. The si tuation, near the Weser and the Elbe, is favourable to commerce. The exports of linen yarn, linen cloth, fine wool, wheat, and rye, are computed at L. 250,000 Sterling; and those of rape-seed, oil, and oil-cake, of hops, madder, vitriol, sulphur, arsenic, zinc, cobalt, and some smaller wares, at L. 120,000 Sterling. A part of the Hartz forest is in Brunswick, which supplies these minerals. The divisions are, The population of the other cities, besides the two noticed, is thus, Helmstedt, 5259; Holzminden, 3304; Blankenburg, 2768; Konigslutter, 2493; Scheppenstedt, 2030; and Leesen, 2011. The reli gion is Lutheran, which is professed by all the in habitants except 2072 Reformed, 1046 Catholics, and 1048 Jews. All religions are, however, upon an equal footing with regard to all civil rights. The only university, that of Helmstedt, has been lately suppressed from motives of economy. There are several public schools, and the superior education is received from Gottingen. The Duke of Brunswick has also the Dukedom of Ocis in the centre of the Prussian province of Silesia. It contains 508,800 acres, with nine towns, 334 villages, and 87,800 in habitants. The revenues are about L.22,000 Ster , ling but it is involved in debt, and produces no in come, but the same wise administration is extended to it, and is expected to clear the incumbrances.