Saxe Weimar, a grand duchy, divided into two distinct portions by the intervention of the Prussian district of Erfurt, and the duchy of Saxe Gotha. The sovereign is assisted by an assembly of the states, by whom new laws must be sanctioned and new taxes imposed. The revenue is about L.150,000 Sterling, and so far exceeds the expenditure as to be enabled to apply L. 9000 per annum to the ex tinction of the debt incurred by expelling the French, which, in 1818, was L. 600,000 Sterling. The taxes are very light, and the standing army, with the ex ception of three companies which are not full, is abolished. The militia will form the contingent if it should be required. The eastern part of the dukedom is light sandy land, cultivated on the three course rotation, and producing much more rye than wheat. The western part is mountainous, and, in the valleys, contains some excellent land. The ma nufactures are but trifling, barely enough for domes tic consumption.
It has long been the most favoured seat of learn ing and genius, and has produced so many great names, that the capital Weimar is considered the Athens of Germany. At one period, three of the greatest literary men were living there, Schiller, Goethe, and Herder, and of the inferior ranks of authors Musaeus, Falk, Kotzebue, and many others, and now the number of men of superior abilities is considerable. The establishment for writing and printing books, and for composing, engraving, and printing maps, is perhaps the largest literary under taking in Europe.
The religion is Lutheran, but other sects have equal rights ; they are, 6100 Reformed, 100 Catho lics, 1100 Jews, and a few Mennonites. It is di vided into two principalities, Weimar and Eisenach. Wiemar contains 600,820 acres, and 137,000 in habitants. Eisenach contains 286,720 acres, and 65,549 inhabitants. The University of Jena is in this duchy, and was formerly very celebrated, but late events have diminished it much. The cities and population of them are, Weimar, 8232 ; Eisenach, 8258; Jena, 4459, besides the university; Neu stadt, 3319 ; Apolda, 3036; Beyda, 2236; Ostkeim, 2187 ; and Ilmenau, 2140.
Saxe Gotha, a duchy divided by the dominions of Prussia and Saxe Weimar. The duke governs with the intervention of the states ; the revenues amount to about L. 150,000 Sterling ; some secrecy is ob served, but the revenue is supposed to exceed the expenditure, and nearly to extinguish the debt of the general government. The regular troops are 1960 men, being more than the contingent. It is
a beautiful, fertile, and well cultivated country, yielding every thing necessary for subsistence and much for commerce. In the province of Altenburg the cultivators are the richest and most skilful in Germany. In every part are manufactures of linen, cotton, woollen, and various other articles, and, be sides what is consumed at home, much fine wool is exported.
ing land, known in Germany by the name of the Germany. Golden Mountains of Thuringia. It is mostly very elevated land ; and the city of Gotha, the capital, by the measurement of Baron Zach, is ascertained to be 1200 feet above the level of the sea. It is divided into two principalities, that of Gotha and of Alten burg. Gotha extends over 409,360 acres, and has 105,201 inhabitants. Altenburg is 848,160 acres, and contains 81,936 inhabitants. The religion of the duchy is Lutheran, and almost all the inhabitants are of that profession. There are no sufficient num bers of the Catholics or Reformed churches to have establishments, but the Herunhaters or Moravian have a considerable community.
The cities and their population are, Gotha, 11,080; Altenburg, 10,164 ; Romhild, 5984 ; Ronneburg, 4178; Eisenberg, S943; Ohrdruff, and Wal tershausen, 2810.
Saxe-Coburg•Saalfeld, a duchy adjoining to Saxe Gotha. The duke is sovereign, and as yet without assembling the states. The revenue is about L.60,000 sterling. The expenditure is nearly equal, the debt uncertain. The forces are reduced to 250 men. The ancient possessions are hilly ; the new acquisi tions are more level. The rotation of crops is al most universally a fallow crop, winter corn, and then summer corn ; but a clean fallow is occasionally in troduced. The cows are the most important live stock ; but the sheep are numerous, and all of the fine wool kind. The only large manufactories are of linen. Some copper and a little silver is produced from the mines. The prevailing religion is Luthe ran, of which there are 76 churches. The Catholics have 13, and the Reformed 3. It is divided into three principalities, viz. Coburg, Saalfeld, and Lich. tenberg. Coburg is 129,280 acres, and contains 35,327 inhabitants. Saalfeld is 115,840 acres, and has 21,392 inhabitants. Lichtenberg is 152,320 acres, and contains 26,315 inhabitants. The cities are, Coburg, with 8154 inhabitants ; Saalfeld, with 3497 ; and Wendell, with 2008, besides some smal ler ones.