Saxe-Meinengen, a duchy, divided, like all these smaller independencies, by the intervention of the dominions of other sovereigns. The duke is check ed by the assembly of the states in financial matters. The revenues amount to about L.35,000 per annum, of which L.15,000 arises from the hereditary do mains. Of this income from the domains, the forest forms two-fifths. The contingent of troops is 544 men ; but there is no army, and the militia, in case of need, must form that part of the defence of Ger many. The country is very mountainous, especially the Unterland, which displays scenery of the most beautiful and picturesque kind. The three course system of husbandry is generally followed ; but, in many parts of the hills, it is too cold for wheat or even rye, and little besides oats is grown. Not withstanding the growth of potatoes is very exten sive, the duchy is compelled every year to draw supplies of corn from Bavaria. In spite of the ge neral coldness of the country, in some of the shelter ed deep vallies, grass comes to perfection, and wine is made. Flax, tobacco, and wood, are the princi. pal productions. The latter is cut into those thin plates used for sword-sheaths, backs of looking glasses, and binding common books, which are dis tributed over the continent. Many toys for children are made, and some other wooden wares, which more than pay for what few commodities are wanted from other countries. The religion of the country is almost exclusively Lutheran, for there are no churches belonging to any other sect of Christians. A community of 600 Jews live by themselves in Un terland. It is divided into two portions. Unterland contains 180,480 acres, and 40,643 inhabitants ; Oberland contains 68,480 acres, and 15,626 inhabit ants. The only city is Meiningen, where the duke has a superb palace, and an open library of 24,000 volumes. The inhabitants of it are 4200.
Saxe Hildburgbausen, a small duchy, separated from the dominions of Saxe Coburg, and governed by a duke of a younger branch of that family. It lies upon and on the declivity of the Thuringian mountains. It does not grow all the corn it needs, though potatoes are much cultivated, and its stock of cattle is very small. It contains coal mines, rock salt, and salt springs. The religion is Lutheran, but there is one reformed church. The revenue is about L.20,000 Sterling, and its expences nearly equal. It has no regular troops. It contains 180,480 acres, and the inhabitants are 30,629. The city of Hildburghausen contains 3529 inhabitants, and Eisfeld 2414.
Mecklenburg-Strelitz, a grand duchy. It is in some degree in the legislative bond with Mecklen burg-Schwerin, as the states of both duchies as semble together. The revenues are about L.45,000 Sterling, and the expenditure is nearly as much. The debts are very trifling. The troops are reduced to 136 men, and the contingent, of 717, must, if needed, be made up from the militia. The country is mostly sandy land, intermixed with lakes and woods. the three course rotation of husbandry pre vails in some parts, but in others the convertible system is followed, and is extending. The principal
productions are corn, potatoes, flax, hemp, hops, and wood. The manufactures are linen, and some woollen cloth. Almost the whole population is of the Lutheran confession ; what few Catholics and Reformed there are, are supplied with occasional clergymen from Prussia, but they have no church. It is divided into two provinces, Strelitz and Ratze burg. Strelitz is 423,000 acres, and contains 60,035 inhabitants ; and Ratzeburg 107,520 acres, and contains 11,734 inhabitants. The cities are, New Strelitz, with 4525; New Brandenburgh, with 5145 ; and Old Strelitz, with 3031 inhabitants.
Lippe Ditmold, a principality between the Prus sian province of Westphalia and Hesse Cassel. The revenue is about L.48,000 Sterling, the expenditure nearly the same • the debt trifling ; and the standing forces are reduced to a single battalion of 300 men. The country, though mountainous, is fruitful, and produces much corn, potatoes ; and the forests yield much wood. The breeding and fattening of cattle is a large part of its husbandry. Flax is grown in large quantities, and making linen is the princi pal manufactory. The inhabitants are, 63,400 Re formed, 5100 Lutheran, and sock Catholics. The extent is 277,120 acres. The cities are, Lemgo, with 3372, and Detmold, with 2370 inhabitants.
Schwartzburg-Sondershausen, a principality in the Thuringian mountains. Its revenues are estimated at L20,000 Sterling annually, but are not very ac curately known. It has no regular forces, but must supply its contingent of 451 from the militia. All the inhabitants are Lutherans, except a very few Catholics, and amount to 45,120. The extent of the land is 245,760 acres. It has two cities, Arnstadt, with 4300, and Sonderhausen, with 3100 inhabit ants.
Schwartzburg-Rudolstadt, a principality adjoining to Sonderhausen. It is a fruitful country, rather hilly, not mountainous. It yields much corn, pota toes, flax, and cattle. It has some valuable mines of iron, lead, cobalt, and rock salt. The revenue is about L.25,000 yearly. The only regular force is a single company. The inhabitants, 53,940, are all of the Lutheran confession, except a few Catholics, who are found in the capital. The extent is 197,563 acres. The cities are, Rudolstadt, with 4100, and Frankenhausen, with 8000 inhabitants.
Anhalt-Dessau, a duchy on the left bank of the Elbe, and on both sides of the river Moldau. On he left bank of the latter river it is cultivated like a garden, and is highly productive, yielding good crops of corn, abundance of fruit, with rape-seed and oil, flax, madder, and tobacco. The only manufacture, that of linen, is very small. The revenue is about L.70,000 ; and the state has no debts. The military is nominally 600 men, but not more than an eighth of them are in service at the same time. The inhabitants are, 52,947, partly Luthe rans, partly Reformed ; the former have 21, the lat ter 32 churches. The Jews are about 1200. The extent is 232,320 acres. Dessau contains 9800 in habitants ; no other place has 2000.