Framing for Windows

When hung in this way, it is always ready at hand, and cannot be taken out and lost. The rabbets are useful in preventing any draught from blowing in upon persons sitting near the windows. The cold air passes in an upward direction between the meeting rails of the upper and lower sash, and, mixing with the warm air of the upper part of the room, comes down to the occupants without making any perceptible draught.

Of course, some outlet for the foul air should be provided; and for this there is nothing better than an open fireplace with a fire burning in it. Where this is not available, an opening should be made into some flue or duct provided for the purpose.

The merits of the device are: First, its cheapness; second, its simplicity; and third, it is always in sight, and therefore its operation cannot be tampered with by ignorant persons.

Window Framing for Room. How an apartment may be constructed and arranged to give the fresh-air advantages but none of the hardships of the ordinary outdoor sleeping place, is an interesting problem. For most of us—working more or less out of doors— the day-time supply of fresh air is all that it ought to be. It is with the air we breathe at night that there is often room for improvement. This point has been most emphatically pre sented during the past three or four years by various eminent physicians, and by societies for the prevention and cure of tuberculosis. It has been proved conclusively that the genus cannot develop or live in the presence of fresh, out-of Fig. 33. Plan, Second Floor—"Open-Air" and Adjoining Rooms.

door air; but they do thrive, multiply, and flourish indoors, in unventilated rooms. Stuffy sleeping rooms are their especial romping place.

Fig. 33 shows the plan of a well-designed sleeping room. It is on the second floor, open three sides to the weather. The openings, however, are fitted with sash glazed with tinted ondoyant glass to close when the weather is extremely windy or stormy. Next to the sleeping room, is a dressing room and bathroom, both of which are kept comfortably warm; but the sleeping room has no artificial heat. A person can sleep comfortably in a tent

out on the lawn in winter, but a warm dressing room is not only a great comfort but a necessity.

All the windows have curtains made out of cotton duck, which may be drawn down and buttoned to stud buttons screwed into the casing. In summer the windows are all left open, the only protection being the outside wire fly-screens. On windy nights some of the can vas curtains are lowered and fastened to prevent the wind from blowing in too strongly.

With rooms below on the first floor, great care has to be taken to guard against injury from sudden storms. The windows and floor of the sleeping room are very carefully made for this reason; in fact, you could play a hose on the floor of this room with out in any way in juring the room be low.

The detail draw ings, Figs. 34 and 35, show how the windows are con structed to be per fectly storm - proof a n d water - tight. The jambs extend down, so that the sash may be low ered into pockets below the floor. These pockets are lined with galvan ized iron, made water-tight, a n d connected with a gutter outlet. All sash are balanced with heavy coil steel sash springs, so that the sash may be easily raised or lowered. When down, the opening is covered with a hinged cap. • In making the floor for such a room, great care must be taken to have it water-tight. In the first place, a matched pine floor should be nailed to the joists in the usual way. This should then be mopped over with tar, and cov ered with a layer of tarred felt carefully tacked down along the edges of each sheet. This layer is then mopped over with fresh hot tar, and another layer of tarred felt laid to break the joints, and tacked at the edges. In all this work, provision should be made for a good joint around the outside edge by carrying the tarred felt over the edge of the galvanized-iron lining in the window pockets. On top of this founda tion, a solid tongued-and-grooved white oak floor is laid in narrow strips, the groove of each strip filled with white lead before driving it up.