Albert Sidney Johnston
Johnston, Albert Sidney, An American Military Officer; Born In Ma Con Co., Ky., In 1803; Was Graduated At The United States Military Academy In 1826; Resigned His Commission In The United States Army In 1834, And Enlisted In The Army Of Texas, Of Which He Be Came Commander-in-chief; Made Secre ...
Alexander Kerensky
Kerensky, Alexander, A Rus Sian Statesman. Born At Simbirsk Where His Father Sent Him To School. La Ter He Studied Law At The University Of Petrograd And Became After His Gradua Tion Commissioner Of Oaths At Petrograd. In His Practice Of Law In The Russian Courts He Championed The Cause ...
American Indians
Indians, American, The Original Inhabitants Of The Western Hemisphere. The Name Indian Was Bestowed By Co Lumbus Upon The Copper-colored Natives Who Greeted Him When He First Set Foot On The Soil Of The New World, Which He At That Time Supposed Constituted A Portion Of India. The Name Has ...
Andrew Jackson
Jackson, Andrew, An American Statesman And Soldier; 7th President Of The United States; Born In The Waxhaw Settlement, N. C., March 15, 1767. His Father Died Before His Birth. His Edu Cation Was Very Limited, And He Was Not Given To Study. After Serving A Short Apprenticeship With A Saddler, ...
Andrew Johnson
Johnson, Andrew, An 'american Statesman, 17th President Of The United States; Born In Raleit,h, N. C., Dec. 29, 1808. At 10 Years Of Age He Was In Dentured To A Tailor, For Whom He Worked For Seven Years, Receiving No Schooling, But Was Taught To Read By A Fellow Apprentice. ...
Antoine Laurent Lavoisier
Lavoisier, Antoine Laurent (1a-ywa-zya), A French Chemist, One Of The Founders Of Modern Chemistry; Born In Paris, France, Aug. 16, 1743. He Demonstrated Experimentally The Acidi Fying Action Of "dephlogisticated Air," Or, As He Renamed It, "oxygen Gas." He Was The First To Analyze Water, And To Obtain By Synthesis ...
Artificial Ice
Ice, Artificial, Ice Frozen By Me Chanical Or Chemical Means. It Has The Great Advantage Of Being Easily Rendered Chemically Pure, And It Can Be Manu Factured In The Hottest Countries. Its Commercial Value In The Preservation And Transportation Of Meats, Fruits, Etc., And For Other Purposes, Can Scarcely Loe ...
Augustin De Iturbide
Iturbide, Augustin De (5-tor' Be-da), A Mexican Soldier; Born In Valla Dolid, Iviexico, In 1783. On The Breaking Out Of The Revolutionary Troubles In Mexico, He Joined The Royalist Party And Displayed Such Valor And Ability That In 1815 He Rose To The Chief Command Of The Army, But Latterly ...
B Champion Clydesdale Barons
B. Champion Clydesdale "baron's Pride" Black Stripes Reaching Down To The Feet. It Is Limited To The Cape Colony And Is Rapidly Disappearing. These Last Three Are Sometimes United Into A Special Genus, Hippotigris. (7) The Tions Of The Russian Traveler Prejevalsky In 1881 Added Another Species To The List ...
Battles Of Isonzo
Isonzo, Battles Of. The River Isonzo Rises In The Austrian Alps, Near Luknia Pass, Flows Southward, Along A Devious Course, For Less Than A Hundred Miles, Then Empties Into The Gulf Of Trieste, At The Head Of The Adriatic. The River Runs Almost Parallel With The Old Frontier Between Italy ...
Benito Juarez
Juarez, Benito (115-e'reth), President Of Mexico; Born Of Indian Parents In Gueletao, Oaxaca, March 21, 1806. He Became An Advocate, And As Governor Of His Native State (1847-1852) Was Distinguished Both For His Ability And His Honesty. Exiled During The Dicta Torship Of Santa Ana, He Returned When The Republic ...
Benjamin Jonson
Jonson, Benjamin, Commonly Called Ben Jonson, A Celebrated English Dramatist, The Contemporary And Friend Of Shakespeare; Born In Westminster, England, In 1573. When Young, He Ran Away From Home And Entered The Army, Serving First In Flanders. On His Return He Went To Cambridge, But Poverty Obliged Him To Leave ...
British India
India, British, An Extensive Re Gion Of Southern Asia, Celebrated During Many Ages For Its Riches And Valuable Natural Productions, Its Beautiful Manu Factures And Costly Merchandise, The Magnificence Of Its Sovereigns, And The Early Civilization Of Its People. Hither India Is The Central Peninsula Of Southern Asia; Its Length ...
British Labor Party
Labor Party, British, A Polit Ical Party In Great Britain Which Has For Its Objects The Formulation Of Re Forms To Benefit The Working Class And The Election Of Members To Parliament To Enact Those Measures Into Law. The Origin Of The Party Dates From February 1899 When The Trade ...
David Hume
Hume, David, A Scotch Historian And Philosopher; Born In Edinburgh, Scotland, April 26 (o. S.), 1711. Origi Nally Designed For The Law, He Became, In 1734, Clerk In A Mercantile House At Bristol. Having A Strong Propensity To Literature, For The Sake Of Seclusion He Went To France, Where He ...
David Lloyd George
Lloyd-george, David, A British Statesman; Born In Manchester, Of Welsh Parentage, In 1863. His Father Was An Invalid And The Boy Was Brought Up Under Humble Circumstances And In Most Unpromising Surroundings. He Edu Cated Himself And Studied Law. He Showed Great Talent In His Chosen Field And Through The ...
Flavius Josephus
Josephus, Flavius (-se'fus), A Famous Jewish Historian; Born In Jeru Salem In A. D. 37. On His Mother's Side He. Was Descended From The Asmonman Prin.ces, While From His Father, Matthias, H. E Inherited The Priestly Office. He En Joyed An Excellent Education, And At The Age Of 26 He ...
Fnfant Mortality
Fnfant Mortality, One Of Those Social Problems Which Has Troubled Hu Manitarians For The Past Century, And The Statesmen In Those Countries Where The Birth Rate Now Tends To Drop Below The Death Rate. So Far As Records Show, Back To The Most Ancient Times, Infant Mortality Has Always Been ...
Georg Count Von Hertling
Hertling, Georg Count Von, German Chancellor From October, 1917, To September, 1918. Born At Darmstadt In 1843 And Died In 1919. After Study Ing At Munster, Munich, And Berlin, He Became In 1882 Professor Of Philosophy At Bonn University. He Was The Au Thor Of Several Works Dealing With Phi ...
Haute Loire
Loire, Haute, A Department Of Central France, Formed Out Of The For Mer Province Of Languedoc, The Duchy Of Auvergne, And The District Of Forez, And Bounded On The S. By Lozere And Ardeche. The Loire Crosses It Going N., The Allier Going N. W.; Area, 1,930 Square Miles; Pop. ...
Henry Charles Lea
Lea, Henry Charles, An Amer Ican Publisher And Historian; Born In Philadelphia, Pa., Sept. 19, 1825; Entered His Father's Publishing House In 1843; Became The Principal In 1865; And Retired 1880. Between 1840 And 1860 He Wrote Many Papers On Chemistry And Conchology. After 1857 He Devoted His Attention To ...
Henry James
James, Henry, An American Novelist And Essayist; Born In New York, April 15, 1843. He Was Educated In France And Switzerland And At Harvard Law School. After 1869 He Made His Home In England. His Works Include: "transatlantic Sketches" (1875) ; "a Passionate Pilgrim And Other Tales" (1875); "roderick Hudson" ...
Herbert Clark Hoover
Hoover, Herbert Clark. An American Public Official And Philanthro Pist. Born At West Branch, Iowa, In 1874; He Attended Leland Stanford Uni Versity, Where He Graduated In 1895. Learning Mining Engineering In Cali Fornia, He Set Out Upon His Career As A Prospector Which Carried Him To China, Russia, And ...
Hibernation
Hibernation, In Zoology, That Pe Culiar Condition Of Sleep In Which Certain Animals, Chiefly Cheiroptera And Rodentia, Pass The Winter Season. The Bat, The Hedgehog, And The Dormouse Are The Most Striking Examples Of This Phenom Enon. During Dormancy The Animal Functions Are All But Suspended. Respiration And Circulation Are ...
High Schools
High Schools, A Term Which Means, In The United States, The Schools Supported By The Public, In Which The Tuition Generally Is Free, And Which Pre Pare Both Sexes For Their Higher Educa Tion In The Universities And Colleges. The German Equivalent Of The Term (hochschulen) Is The Name Officially ...
Himalayas
Himalayas (him-a-wyaz), The, Or The Himalaya Mountains, An Extensive Mountain Range Of Asia, And The Loftiest In The World, Bounding Hin Dustan On The N. And Separating It From The Tableland Of Tibet, Which Stands 10, 900 Feet Above The Sea. This Chain Is ?ontinuous W. With The Hindu Kush ...
Histology
Histology, That Branch Of Anatomy Which Examines And Treats Of The Minute Structure Of The Tissues Of Which Living Organisms Are Composed. It Is Divided Into Several Sections. Human Histolo,gy Treats Of The Tissues Of Man; Compara Tive Histology Treats Of The Tissues Of The Lower Animals; And Vegetable Histolog-y ...
Hittites
Hittites (hit'tits), The English Name Of A People Who Waged War With Egypt And Assyria For A Thousand Years, And Who Moved On Parallel Lines With The People Of Israel From The Call Of Abra Ham To The Captivity. When The Semitic Tribe With Abraham At Their Head Moved From ...
Hog Cholera
Hog Cholera, Also Known As Swine Fever, A Malady Affecting Hogs, Of Which The Chief Symptoms Include Excessive Diarrhcea, Purple Coloring Of The Skin, Lack Of Appetite, General Irritation And Inactivity. The Virus Has Been Located And Is Filterable, And Is Usually Conveyed By The Water Supply. The Seat Of ...
Home Economics
Home Economics, A Broad Term Covering All The Sciences And Arts Per Taining To The Home, Formerly Known As Household Economics, Domestic Econ Omy, Domestic Science, Etc. Like Agri Culture, It Is A Complex Science, Including Such Subjects As The Chemistry Of Cook Ing, Dietetics, Hygiene, House Decoration, Clothing, Sewing, ...
Home Rule
Home Rule, In General The Control Of Its Own Affairs By A Separate Political State; In British Politics, A Measure Which Has Been More Especially Advo Cated In Regard To Ireland. The Move Ment Originated In The Formation Of The Home Government Association At Dub Lin, In 1870, Under The ...
Homicide
Homicide, The Killing Of Any Human Being. Homicide Is Of Three Kinds— Justifiable, Excusable, And Felonious. The First Has No Stain Of Guilt; The Second Very Little; But The Third Is The Highest Crime That Man Is Capable Of Committing Against A Fellow-creature. Justifiable Homicide Is Of Various Kinds, Including ...
Honduras
Honduras, A Republic Of Central America; Bounded By Nicaragua, Guate Mala, The Caribbean Sea And The Pacific Ocean; Area, 46,250 Square Miles; Pop. About 610,000; Capital, Tegucigalpa. Topography.—the Country Is Gener Ally Mountainous, And Is Traversed By The Cordilleras, Connecting The Andes On The S. With The Sierra Aladre On ...
Hookworm Disease
Hookworm Disease, A Disease Known In Many Countries And Under Many Names, But Ankylostomiasis And Un Cinariasis Are The Chief In The Medical Vocabulary, While Popular Terms Are Miner's Anmia And Dirt-eating. The Malady Has Its Origin In An Intestinal Worm With Dorsal And Ventral Teeth, With Which It Holds ...
Horn
Horn, A Substance Which May Be Di Vided Into Two Distinct Classes. First, The Branched, Bony Horns Of The Stag Genus, And The Simple, Laminated Horns Of The Ox Genus, And Other Kindred Gen Era. The First Of These Kinds Of Horn Is Applied To The Same Purposes As Bone ...
Horology
Horology, That Branch Of Science Which Treats Of The Principles And Con Struction Of Machines For Measuring And Indicating Portions Of Time. It Is Al Most An Impossibility To State Who Was The Individual That Intended Either A Clock Or A Watch; Due To The Fact That Formerly The Term ...
Hospital
Hospital, Any Building For The Re Ception And Treatment Of Sick, Injured Or Infirm Persons. If Possible The Hos Pital Should Not Be Surrounded By Other Buildings Than Those Belonging To Itself. The Structural Arrangements Should Be Such As To Secure Perfect. Free Circulation Of Air And The Greatest Amount ...
Hospital Ships
Hospital Ships, Ships Having As Their Purpose The Care Of The Sick And Wounded In Time Of War. It Was Pro Vided By The Geneva Convention In 1838 That Hospital Ships Should Be Allowed To Proceed Unmolested By Belligerents On Either Side, If They Fulfilled The Necessary Regulations. These Regulations ...
Hot Air Engines
Hot Air Engines, A Type Of Prime Mover In Which Air, Which Has Been Heated To A High Temperature And Pres Sure, Acts Upon A Piston And Thus Con Verts Thermal Energy Into Mechanical Energy. Air, Under High Temperature And Pressure, Is Admitted Into A Cylinder Where It Expands And ...
Hotchkiss Gun
Hotchkiss Gun, A Gun Consisting Of An Inner Tube Over Which Is Shrunk A Jacket, The Latter Being Extended At The Breech And Enlarged To Carry The Breech Mechanism. The Breech-block Moves Vertically In A Slot Cut Through The Extension Of The Jacket. The Firing Mechanism Is Carried Within The ...
Hottentots
Hottentots (hot'en-tots), The Peo Ple Who Were In Possession Of The Greater Part Of What Is Now Cape Colony When It Was First Visited And Colonized By Eu Ropeans. The Hottentots Were So Called By The Earliest Dutch Settlers. It Is Popularly Used To Include The Two Distinct Families Distinguished ...
Houston
Houston, A City And County-seat Of Harris Co., Tex.; On Buffalo Bayou, And On The Gulf, Colorado And Santa Fe, The Texas And New Orleans, The Interna Tional And Great Northern, The Missouri, Kansas And Texas, And Several Other Im Portant Railroads; Co Miles N. W. Of Gal Veston. It ...
Hudson River
Hudson River, A River In New York State, And One Of The Most Beauti Ful And Important In America. It Rises In The Adirondack Mountains, 4,326 Feet Above The Level Of The Sea, Its Head Streams Being The Outlets Of Many Moun Tain Lakes. At Glen's Falls It Has A ...
Hydra
Hydra (hi'dra), In Classical Mythol Ogy, A .monster Which Infested The Lake Lerna Peloponnesus. It Was The Off Spring Of Ichidna's Union With Typhon, It Had 100 Heads, And As Soon As One Was Cut Off, Two Grew Up If The Wound Yk,as Not Stopped By Fire. It Was One ...
Hydraulic Engines
Hydraulic Engines, Engines Of Which The Motive Power Is Water Under Pressure. In Principle They Do Not Dif Fer Essentially From Steam Engines. The Water Acts By Difference Of Pres Sure—i. E., It Is Admitted At A High Pres Sure At The Beginning Of The Stroke, And Exhausted At A ...
Hydrophobia
Hydrophobia, Rabies, From Bite Of Mad Dog, More Rarely Cat, Wolf, Or Fox; A Contagious Disease, The Result Of A Specific Poison. The Great Danger Lies In The Fact That A Person Bitten By A Supposed Mad Dog Imagines Or Simulates Its Symptoms, Especially If Nervous Or Hysterical; Whereas Only ...
Hydrotherapy
Hydrotherapy, The Scientific Use Of Water In The Treatment Of Human Dis Orders And Ailments. This Is One Of The Oldest Known Curative Methods, For It Is Known That Hippocrates Used It In The Treatment Of Many Kinds Of Disease, And It Is Also A Matter Of Record That The ...
Hypnotism
Hypnotism, That Which Formerly Was, That Which, Popularly, Still Is Called "mesmerism," Or, More Exactly "animal Magnetism," Founded On A Belief In A So-called "magnetic Fluid" Which Is Sup Posed To Pass From Operator To Subject, Has Become Recognized As Hypnotism. The Actual Foundation Of Modern Hyp Notic Suggestion Was ...
Hypsometry
Hypsometry, That Department Of Geodesy Which Treats Of The Measure Ments Of The Altitudes Or Relative Heights Of Various Points On The Earth's Surface. In All. Cases In Which Great Accuracy Is Essential, Trigonometrical Methods Must Be Employed, But In Other Cases Suffi Ciently Accurate Results May Be Obtained By ...
Icarus
Icarus (e-kar'us), In Greek Legend, A Son Of Dtdalus, Who With His Father Fled With Wings From Crete To Escape The Resentment Of Minos. His Flight Being Too High Proved Fatal To Him, For The Sun Melted The Wax Which Cemented His Wings And He Fell Into That Part Of ...
Iceland
Iceland, An Island Belonging To Denmark; Between The North Atlantic And The Arctic Oceans, 250 Miles From Greenland And About 600 Miles W. Of Norway; Greatest Length, E. To W., 300 Miles; Central Breadth, About 200 Miles; Area With Adjacent Isles, 39,756 Square Miles. Pop. (1919) 91,912. The Coast Line ...
Idaho
Idaho, A State In The 'western Divi Sion Of The North American Union; Bounded By Montana, Wyoming, Nevada, Oregon, Washington And British Colum Bia; Admitted To The Union July 3, 1890; Number Of Counties, 41; Capital, Boise; Area 84,800 Square Miles; Pop. (1900) 161,772; (1910) 325,594; (1920) 431, 866. Topography.—the ...
Idea
Idea, A Mental Image, Form, Or Repre Sentation Of Anything. The Word Idea Has Been Taken In Very Many And Very_ Different Senses, The History Of Which Would Be A History Of Philosophy. Aris Totle (384-322 B. C.) Taught That Though The One, Apart From And Beside The Many, Does ...
Idiocy
Idiocy, A Condition Defined By Ire Land As "mental Deficiency Or Extreme Stupidity Depending Upon Malnutrition Or Disease Of The Brain Occurring Either Before Birth Or Before The Evolution Of The Mental Faculties In Childhood; While Imbecility Is Generally Used To Denote A Less Decided Degree Of Such Mental In ...
Illinois
Illinois, A State In The North Cen Tral Division Of The North American Union; Bounded By Indiana, Kentucky, Missouri, Iowa, Wisconsin, And Lake Michigan; Admitted To The Union, Dec. 3, 1818: Number Of Counties, 102; Cap.ital, Springfield; Area, 56,650 Square Miles; Pop. (1890) 3,826,351; (1900) 4,821,550; (1910) 5,638,591; (1920) 6,485,280. ...
Illiteracy
Illiteracy, Inability To Read And Write Any Language. In The United States The Census Officers Consider Those Who Cannot Write, But Can Read, Illiterate. In The United States Inquiry Is Made Of All Persons As To Their Literacy And Those Persons Above 10 Years Of Age Who Cannot Write Are ...
Illyris Illyria
Illyria, Illyris, Or Illyri Cum, A Name Anciently Applied To All The Countries On The East Coast Of The Adriatic. In The 4th Century E. C., The N. Portions Of Illyria Were Visited By The Gauls, Who Expelled The Natives, And Drove Them To The S. Philip Ii., King Of ...
Ilocano
Ilocano, The Designation Given To The Inhabitants Of Ilocos Norte, Limos Sur, And The Union Districts Of Luzon, Philippines. They Are Nearly All Chris Tians, And While They Have Retained Many Of The Elements Of Their Old Pagan Culture, They Became Habituated At An Early Date To The Civilization Which ...
Immigration
Immigration. For Ages There Has Been A Tendency On The Part Of The World Population To Move Westward. After The Population Of A Certain Country Rises Above A Certain Density, There Is Always A Certain Portion Of The People Who Are Ready To Set Out To Seek New Homes. This ...
Immunity
Immunity, In Medicine The Name Given To A Condition Of The Living Body In Which It Is Safe From The Attacks Of Par Ticular Infectious Germs, Or Certan Pois Ons. Although The Phenomena Of Im Munity Occur In Cases Of Several Vege Table And Animal Poisons (ricin, And Snake Venom ...
Impeachment
Impeachment, The Act Of Accusing, Or Charging With A Crime Or Misde Meanor; The Arraignment Of A Minister Of State For Maladministration Or Trea Son. In England Impeachments Are Made In The House Of Commons, And Tried By The House Of Lords. The Constitution Of The United States Provides That ...
Imperialism
Imperialism, In Its Original, And, Perhaps, Its Widest Sense, Was Expressed In The Great Designs Of Charlemagne. Regarded Thus, It Amounts To A Scheme Of Undisputed Sway Over An Extensive Area Of Unbroken Territory—autocracy On A Grand Scale. In That Sense We Find Imperialism In The Traditional Policy Of The ...
Index Numbers
Index Numbers Are Used By Eco Nomic Statisticians To Measure The Amount Of Change That Takes Place In The Value Of Money, As Shown In Its Rela Tive Purchasing Power. It Is Obvious That Money Itself Could Not Be Used As The Measure Of Its Own Value, Nor Could Any ...
Indian Ocean
Indian Ocean, A Body Of Water Bounded On The W. By Africa, On The N. By Asia, On The E. By Australia And The Australasian Islands. According To Modern Geographers It Is Limited To The S. By The 40th Parallel Of S. Latitude, In Which Region It Opens Widely Into ...
Indiana
Indiana, A State In The North Cen Tral Division Of The North American Union; Bounded By Ohio, Kentucky, Illi Nois, Michigan, And Lake Michigan; Ad Mitted To The Union Dec. 11, 1816; Num Ber Of Counties, 92; Capital, Indianapo Lis; Area, 36,350 Square Miles; Pop. (1890) 2,192,404; (1900) 2,516,462; (1910) ...
Indianapolis
Indianapolis, A City Of Indiana, The Capital Of The State, And The County Seat Of Marion Co. It Is On The White River And Is On 16 Railroads. It Is In The Geographical Center Of The State And Is The Center Of Manufacturing In The United States. Its Total Area ...
Individualism
Individualism, The System Of Thought Which Treats The Well-being Of The Individual As The True Aim Ef The State, And His Development As The Goal Of Ethics And Religion. In Political Thought A Per Son May Be An Anarchist, A Believer In Unrestricted Individual Action, Or Like Hobbes Hold That ...
Indulgence
Indulgence, In Roman Catholic Theology, A Remission Of The Punishment Which Is Still Due To Sin After Sacramental Absolution, The Remission Being Valid In The Court Of Conscience And Before God, And Being Made By An Application Of The Treasure Of The Church On The Part Of A Lawful Superior. ...
Industrial Management
Industrial Management, A Term Used To Cover The Many Systems Of Industrial Operation And Control Which Have Developed And Increased In Number With Great Rapidity In Recent Years. In Cluded In This Term Are Purchasing Sys Tems, Store Management, Balance Of Stores, Record Systems, Studies Of Inte Rior Transportation, Routing, ...
Industrial Workers Of The
Industrial Workers Of The World,. A Radical Labor Organization Representing A Theory Of Organization Different From And Opposed To That Of Crafts Unionism, Generally Described As "industrial Unionism." The Organiza Tion, Familiarly Known As The I. W. W., Is Of Recent Origin, Having Been Organized In Chicago, In 1904, By ...
Infanticide
Infanticide, The Murder Of An Infant Born Alive; The Killing Of A Young Or Newly-born Child. The Practice Of De Stroying A Portion Of The Offspring—in The Majority Of Cases, The Female Chil Dren—among Certain Nations Or Tribes, Appeared In The Earliest Times, And Still Lingers Among Some Undeveloped Races. ...
Infantry
Infantry, Foot Soldiers Armed With Rifle And Bayonet. In Europe The Infan Try Is Divided Into Infantry Of The Line, Light Infantry, And Rifles; But Practically No Distinction, Except That The Latter Have A Lower Standard, Now Exists Between Them. Formerly The Flank Companies Of Each Line Battalion Were, Respectively, ...
Inheritance Tax
Inheritance Tax, A Certain Per Centage Of The Estate Of A Deceased Per Son Taken By The State In Its Transmis Sion To His Heirs. Taxes Of This Sort, Known As "death Duties," Were Imposed In Rome, Two Thousand Years Ago. It Is Only Within Recent Times, However, Since The ...
Iniage Worship
Iniage Worship, The Worship Of Images, Or Worship With Their Aid. Image Worship Is Sometimes Used As A Synonym For Idolatry, Sometimes As Meaning The Worship Of Images As Symbols, Or, As In Roman Catholic Theology, Cultus Saerarum Imaginum (veneration Of Holy Images). Sometimes It Refers Particularly To The Use ...
Inkermann
Inkermann, A Village Of Russia, In The S. Of The Crimea. During The Cri Mean War, The Russians, Nearly 50,000 Strong, Assailed The Weakest Part Of The English Position Facing The Harbor Of Balaklava And The Caverns Of Inkermann, Nov. 5, 1854. For Six Hours, 8,000 Brit Ish Troops Encountered ...
Inquisition
Inquisition (latin Inquisitio = A Seeking Or Searching For), In The History Of The Roman Catholic Church, A Tri Bunal For Searching Out, Inquiring Into, And Condemning Offenses Against The Canon Law, Especially Heresy, And Taking Means To Have The Offenders Punished By The Civil Power. Inquisitors And The Inquisition ...
Insanity
Insanity, A More Or Less Impaired Condition Of Any Or All Of The Mental Functions Involving The Intellect, Emotion, Or Will. There Can Be No Absolute Test Of Insanity—or Of Sanity For That Mat Ter. Sanity Is Proved By Normal Self Control, And Insanity By The Loss Of It From ...
Inscriptions
Inscriptions, The Name Given To Records, Not Of The Nature Of A Book, Which Are Engraved Or Inscribed On Stone, Metal, Clay, And Similar Materials. Since Ancient Documents Committed To Such De Structible Material As Papyrus, Parch Ment, Or Paper Have Largely Perished, In Scriptions On Harder Materials Are In ...
Insecta
Insecta, Insects; A Class Of Annu Losa, Division Arthropoda. Formerly It Was Made To Include, Among Other Ani Mals, The Centipedes And Spiders. Now These Are Made Distinct Classes, And The Insecta Confined To Those Arthropodous Animals Which Have Three Pairs Of Legs; These Are Affixed To The Thorax Which ...
Inspiration
Inspiration, In Scripture And The Ology, An Extraordinary Influence Exerted By The Holy Spirit On Certain Teachers And Writers So As To Illuminate Their Un Derstandings, Raise And Purify Their Moral Natures, And Impart A Certain Di Vine Element To Their Utterances, Whether Oral Or Written. The Chief New Testa ...
Instinct
Instinct, According To Hamilton, "s An Agent Which Performs, Blindly And Ignorantly, A Work Of Intelligence And Knowledge." Brougham Says That In Stinct Is Distinguished From Reason, In That " It Acts Without Teaching, Either From Others — That Is Instruction, Or From The Animal Itself — That Is Experi ...
Insurance
Insurance, The Act Of Insuring Or Assuring Against Damage Or Loss; A Con Tract By Which A Company, In Considera Tion Of A Sum Of Money Paid, Technically Called A Premium, Becomes Bound To In Demnify The Insured Or His Representa Tives Against Loss By Certain Risks, As Fire, Shipwreck, ...
Internal Combitstion En Gine
Internal Combitstion En Gine, A Type Of Prime 'mover In Which The Actuating Energy, In The Form Of Heat, Is Generated By Combustion Within The Cylinder Of The Engine. The Commercial Introduction And Lin Provements Of The Internal Combustion Engine Have Been Comparatively Recent, As It Was Only In 1878 ...
Internal Improvements
Internal Improvements. From The Beginning Of The United States Government Till 1860, The Question Of A System Of Internal Improvements Carried On By The General Government Was A Party Question. The Republican (demo Cratic-republican), And After It The Democratic Party As The Party Of Strict Construction, Opposed Such A System. ...
Internal Revenue
Internal Revenue. The Moneys Collected Wader The Internal Revenue Bu Reau In The Treasury Department Of The United States. The Term Includes Most Of The Receipts From National Taxes, Ex Cept Customs Duties; But As Commonly Re Stricted It Does Not Embrace Receipts From The Sale Of Public Lands, Patent ...
International Institute Op Agriculture
International Institute Op Agriculture, An Institution Located At Rome And Having For Its Object The Collecting And Distributing Of Informa Tion And Statistics About Agriculture. Founded By An American, David Lubin Of California, Who, After Several Vain Attempts To Secure Government Support, Persuaded King Victor Emmanuel Of Italy To Give ...
International Law
International Law, That Code Of Rules By Which Nations Have Agreed To Be Governed In Their Relations With Each Other. It Differs From The Codes Of Law Governing The Internal Affairs Of Individ Ual States In The Fact That Its Rules Are Less Definitely Fixed And That There Is No ...
International Trade
International Trade, The Theory Of Which Has Caused More Con Fusion Among Economists, Statesmen And Men Of Affairs Than Any Other Economic Problem. The Important Question, Which Has Been The Bone Of Controversy, Is: Whether Or Not That Country Which Has The Balance Of Trade In Its Favor Is Really ...