Ethical Movement And Eth
Ethical Movement And Eth Ical Societies In America And Abroad. The First Ethical Society Was Established And The Ethical Movement Inaugu Rated In 1876 In New York By Felix Adler, Then A Lecturer At Cornell University. In Re Sponse To A Call, Several Hundred Persons Met In May At Standard ...
Ethics
Ethics (from Gr. Oa, Having To Do With Conduct, From Ibos, Character, Lengthened Form Of 100s, Custom, Manners; Cf. Morals, From Latin, Mos Mores, Customs), That Branch Of The Theory Of Conduct Which Is Concerned With The Formation And Use Of Judgments Of Right And Wrong, And With Intellectual Emotional, ...
Ethiopia
Ethiopia (gr. (lieu, To Burn, And Oc Countenance), The Biblical Cum, In Ancient Geography, The Name Originally Given By The Greeks To The Southern Parts Of The Lcnown World. It Is Divided In The Poems Of Homer Into Eastern And Western Ethiopia, And This Dis Tinction Is Repeated By Herodotus, ...
Ethnography
Ethnography, A Branch Of Ethnology, The Vast Science Which Treats Of Mankind As A Whole, Their Origin And Their Development In Language, Art, Religion And Political Ideas, From Barbarism Into Civilization. The German Scientists Class Ethnology As A Science Standing Midway Between Natural History And Philosophy. As Natural History, In ...
Ethnology
Ethnology, That Branch Of The Science Of Anthropology Which Treats Of The Races Of Mankind And Seeks To Explain Their Origin And Development. Anthropology Is The Science Which Treats Of Man In Relation To Himself, To Other Men And To All Nature. It Is Subdivided Into Several Branches, Each Of ...
Ethyl Ether Ether
Ether, Ethyl Ether, Diethyl Ether, Or Sulphuric Ether. When The Term Ether Is Used Without Qualifica Tion, Diethyl Ether (c21-1.)20, Is Universally Understood To Be Meant, Just As Ethyl Alcohol Is Understood, When Alcohol Is Mentioned Without Qualification. Ether Is Prepared By Distilling A Mixture Of Five Parts Of 90 ...
Ethylamine
Ethylamine, An Amine (q.v.) In Which One Or More Of The Hydrogen Atoms Of Ammonia, Nh,, Is Replaced By The Radical Ethyl, C,h,. Three Compounds Of This Sort Are Possible, And All Have Been Actually Prepared. When Only One Of The Hydrogen Atoms Of The Ammonia Has Been Replaced, The ...
Ethylene
Ethylene, A Gaseous Hydrocarbon Hav Ing The Formula Gil, And Constituting The First Member Of The Olefine Series. It Is Formed In The Dry Distillation Of Numerous Organic Bodies, And Constitutes 4 To 5 Per Cent Of Ordinary Coal Gas. It Is Most Conveniently Prepared For Labor Atory Purposes By ...
Etiquette
Etiquette, Kit, A Collective Term For The Established Ceremonies And Usages Of Society. Among Courts The Byzantine And Spanish Courts, And The French Court Under Louis Xiv And Louis Xv, Were Noted For The Strictness Of Their Etiquette. Social Etiquette Consists In So Minute Observances That A Tolerable Familiarity With ...
Etruria
Etruria, E-troo'ri-a (greek Tyrrhenia), The Name Anciently Given To That Part Of Italy Which Corresponded With The Greater Part Of Modern Tuscany And Part Of Umbria, And Was Bounded By The Mediterranean, The Apennines, The River Magra And The Tiber. The Name Tus Cia, For The Country, Came Into Use ...
Etymology
Etymology, That Branch Of Philol Ogy Which Deals With The Investigation Of The Ongin Or Derivation And Of The Original Sig Nification Of Words. It Forms A Subsidiary Part Of The Science Of Comparative Philology, And, Though It Has Occupied The Attention Of The Learned And The Curious In (very ...
Eucalyptus
Eucalyptus, A Genus Of Trees And A Few Shrubs Of The Family Myrtacer. The Species, Of Which There Are About 300, Are Characterized By Simple Symmetrical Leaves, Whose Edges Usually Turn Toward The Sun ; Gen Erally White, Bell-shaped Flowers, Sometimes Solitary, But Commonly In Terminal Or Axillary Umbels Near ...
Eucharist
Eucharist, Iiica-rist, In The Roman Catholic Church, The Sacrament Of The Body And Blood Of Jesus Christ, And Also The Christian Covenant Sacrifice. Regarding The Eucharist As A Sacrament The Roman Catholic Church I Teaches That It Is The True Body And Blood Of Jesus Christ Under The "species' Or ...
Euchre
Euchre, Filer, A Game Of Cards, Regard Ing The Origin Of Which Nothing Definite Is Known. For A Long Time It Was The Most Gener Ally Played Parlor Game After Whist In The United States. The Pack Of Cards Consists Of 32, But Sometimes Only 24 Are Used, Being An ...
Euckrn
Euckrn, Rudolf Christoph, German Philosopher : B. Aurich, East Frisia, 5 Jan. 184.6. His Father Died While He Was A Child, But He Enjoyed The Loving Care Of His Mother, A Woman Of Marked Irktelligence And Warm Sympathies. His Early Education *as Received In His Native Town And He Came ...
Euclid Of Alexandria
Euclid Of Alexandria, Greek Mathematician : Fl. About 300 A.c., Taught Geometry At Alexandria In The Reign Of Ptolemy (323-285 Ac.), And Extended The Boundaries Of Mathematical Science. The Severity And Ac Curacy Of His Method Have Never Been Surpassed. There Is Very Little Known Regarding His Life, Proclus (412-485 ...
Eugen Oniegin
Eugen Oniegin, An Opera In Three Acts By Peter Ilich Tschaikowsky (libretto Adapted From Poushkin), First Performance By The Students Of The Conservatory At Moscow In March, 1879. The Reception Was Cool, But Grad Ually The Work Crept Into Popular Favor. In Spite Of The Strong Dramatic Character Of Tschaikowsky's ...
Eugene Aram
Eugene Aram, A Novel By Edward Bulwer-lytton (q.v.) Written In 1831 And Pub Lished In 3 Vols., 1832. It Was Founded On The Career Of An English Scholar, Eugene Aram: B. 1704; Executed For The Murder Of One Clark In 1759. The Character Of The Murderer And The Circumstances Of ...
Eugeni Onyegin
Eugeni Onyegin. Pushkin's Poem (eugeni Onyegin' Is The Prototype Of The Rus Sian Novels Dealing With Unsuccessful Heroes. Here The Hero Onyegin Represents A Member Of Cultured Society In The 20's Who Took Childe Harold For Their Example. Indeed, The First Canto Arose Directly Under The Influence Of Byron's Juan' ...
Eugenics
Eugenics (from Greek Tilts* Well Born). According To Francis Galton, The Great English Scientist Who, In 1883, First Used The Term °eugenics," This Branch Of Learning "is The Science Which Deals With All Influences That Im Prove The Inborn Qualities Of A Race." Within The Scope Of Such Influences Galton ...
Eugenie Grandet
Eugenie Grandet, E-zha-ne Gron-da. In The Scenes Of The 'comedie Humaine' That , Present Aspects Of Provincial Life The First Mace / By Universal Assent Belongs To 'eugenie Gran Det' (1833). Its Heroine Is Balzac's Finest Female Character, Radiant In The Generosity Of Her Love; Its Story Is Probably The ...
Eugenius
Eugenius, Fi-jrni-iis, The Name Of Four Popes. The First, Saint Eugenius, Was Elected 654; D. 657. Eugenius Ii Occupied The Roman See From 824 To 827. His Election Was Contested By A Powerful Faction In The City Who Favored Cincinnus (zinzinnus) ; And Lothaire, Son Of Louis Le Debonnaire, Who ...
Eulalia
Eulalia, Ii-1111-a, Spanish Virgin Martyr : B. Merida, Estremadura; D. 12 Feb. 303 A.d. There Is Some Doubt Whether There Was Only One Or More Martyrs Of This Name. At Any Rate There Are Two Distinct Festivals Celebrated In Spain, One At Barcelona On 12 February And One At Merida, ...
Eulenspiegel
Eulenspiegel, Orien-spe-gel, A Typical Character Associated In Germany With All Sorts Of Frolics And Fooling. The Type Originated In Till Or Tyll Eulenspiegel, A German Clown Who Lived Probably In The First Half Of The 14th Cen Tury, And Became Celebrated For The Wild Pranks And Escapades That He Practised ...
Euler
Euler, Oiler, Leonard, Swiss Mathe Matician: B. Basel, 4 Or 5 April 1707; D. Saint Petersburg, 7 Sept. 1783. He Was Educated By His Father, A Minister And Mathematician, And Then Studied At The University Of Basel Under The Famous Mathematician, Jacob Bernoulli, Where He Received The Degree Of Master ...
Euphorbiaceie
Euphorbiaceie, Fi-for-bi-ese-e (the Spurge Family), A Family Of Plants, Consisting Of More Than 4,000 Species Of Herbs, Shrubs And Trees Arranged In About 220 Genera, Some Of Which Are Well Known For Their Ornamental And Economic Uses. They Are, With Few Exceptions, Natives Of Warm Climates, Especially Of Tropical America, ...
Euphuism
Euphuism, An Affected Style Of Speech Which Distinguished The Conversation And Writings Of Many Of The Wits Of The Court Of Queen Elizabeth. The Name And The Style Were Derived From 'euphues, Or The Anatomy Of Wit' (1579), And The 'euphues And His Eng Land' (about 1581), Of John Lyly. ...
Euripides
Euripides, Son Of Mnesarchus, A Retail Dealer Of The Attic Village, Phlya: B. 480 Re. On The Island Of Salamis, And, According To Tradition, On The Day Of The Famous Battle; D. 406. His Mothees Name Was Clito, Which Indi Cates Aristocratic Lineage. Under The Influence Of His Father Euripides ...
Europe
Europe, The Smallest Of The Great Conti Nents But The Most Important, Distinguished Above The Others By The Character Of Its Popula Tion, The Superior Cultivation Of The Soil, And The Flourishing Condition Of Arts, Sciences, Industry And Commerce. Topography.— Europe Forms A Huge Penin Sula Projecting From Asia, And ...
Eurypterus
Eurypterus, , A Remarkable Fossil Arthropod Related To The Horseshoe Crab (limulus)any Genera And Species Of Which P Occur In Paleozoic Rocks Of Western Europe And Eastern North America. They Include The Largest Anthropods Known, And Form The Family Eurypteride And Order Eurypterida Of The Sub Class Merostomata (q.v.). They ...
Eusebius
Eusebius (u-se'bi-iis) Of C/s Sarea, Surnamed Idamphili, Church Historian: B. Probably Caesarea, Palestine, 264 A.d. ; D. There, About 349. He Is Known As Eusebius Crsariensis And Eusebius Pamphili, That Is, Pamphilus's Eusebius —a Style Assumed After The Martyrdom Of His Instructor, Saint Pam Philus. He Was Chosen Bishop Of ...
Eutychianism
Eutychianism, U-tik'i-an-iz'm, In Christology, The Monophysitism Peculiar To Eutyches, An Archimandnte, Or Abbot Of A Mon Astery, Who Lived Near Constantinople During The 5th Century A.d. Monophysitism Designates The Creed Of Those Who In Opposition To The Creed Of Chalcedon Maintain The Single-nature In Christ, Or That The Human And ...
Evangelical Alliance
Evangelical Alliance, A Voluntary Association Of Members Of The Different Sections Of The Christian Church, Organized In London 19-23 Aug. 1846. At This Meeting Was Adopted A Doctrinal Basis, Which Is, In Effect, The Recogni Tion By The Members Of The Divine Inspiration, Authority And Sufficiency Of The Holy Scriptures; ...
Evangelical Association
Evangelical Association, A Re Ligious Denomination Founded In Pennsylvania About The Beginning Of The 19th Century By Jacob Albright, A Member Of The Methodist Episcopal Church, Who Was Born In Pennsyl Vania 1759, And From About 1790 Traveled Among The German Population As An Evangelist. Al Bright Founded A Society ...
Evangeline
Evangeline. A Tale Of Acadie' Is Based Upon A True Story Which Traveled From Canada To New England By Word Of Mouth, Reached Hawthorne, Who Did Not Care To Use It For A Romance, And Was By Him Turned Over To Longfellow, Who Published His Poem In 1847. It Instantly ...
Evansville
Evansville, Ind., A City And Port Of Entry Of Vanderburg County, Of Which It Is The County-seat, About 185 Miles West Of Louisville, 192 Miles Northeast Of Cairo, And 180 Miles Southwest Of Indianapolis, On The Ohio River, And The Louisville, E. & St. L., The Louisville & N., The ...
Evarts
Evarts, William Maxwell, American Lawyer And Statesman: B. Boston, Mass, 6 Feb. 1818; D. New York, 28 Feb. 1901. He Was Grad Uated From Yale In 1837, Studied Law In The Harvard Law School And The Office Of Daniel Lord Of New York, In 1841 Was Admitted To The Bar, ...
Evelina
Evelina. When Appeared, In 1778, Its Originality Created A Literary Sensation. That Fanny Burney, A Young Woman Of 25, In A Period Of Mediocre And Frequently Indecorous Imitations, Should Have Produced A Novel Keen In Observations, Seemly In Humor And Spirited In Execution, Won Admiration Everywhere. To-day Some Of The ...
Evening Or Night Schools
Evening Or Night Schools, Schools In Which Instruction Is Given To Pupils Debarred, Generally By Reason Of Being Wage Earners, From The Advantages Of The Day Schools. Evening Schools Arose At A Time When Compul Sory Education Was Not As Widespread As At Present And When More Children Were Conse ...
Everett
Everett, Edward, American Statesman And Orator, Brother Of A. H. Everett (q.v.) : B. Dorchester, Mass., 11 April 1794; D. Boston, 15 Jan. 1865. He Was Graduated From Harvard In 1811, Pursued Studies In Divinity, Became In 1813 Pastor Of The Unitarian Church, Brattle Street, Boston, And In 1814 Published ...
Everett_2
Everett, Mass., City In Middlesex County, Three Miles North Of Boston, On The Boston And Maine Railway And With Connection By Electric Surface Lines With Lynn, Salem, Chelsea, Boston And Adjacent Towns. Accord Ing To The Report Of The 13th United States Census There Were In Everett 62 Establishments, With ...
Everett_3
Everett, Wash., City, County-seat Of Snohomish County, On Puget Sound, On The Northern Pacific, The Great Northern, The Chicago, Milwaukee And Saint Paul Railroads, About 55 Miles East By North Of Tacoma And 30 Miles North Of Seattle. It Has An Excellent Harbor With Water Communication With Pacific And Agricultural ...
Everglades
Everglades. The Name Given To A Vast Tract Of Land And Water In The Southernmost Part Of Florida, A Region, Though Under The Very Eyes Of The Early Pioneers And Bordered By Our Own Advanced Lines Of Commerce And Travel, Remained Practically Undiscovered Until The First Decade Of The 20th ...
Evergreens
Evergreens. Those Plants Which Im Perceptibly Shed Their Leaves And Acquire New Foliage, Without Noticeable Change In Their Aspect, And Those Which, Like Certain Biennials And Alpines, Maintain Their Leaves Throughout The Winter Season So That They May Make A Quick Start In The Spring, Are Called Evergreens. In The ...
Everlasting Mercy
Everlasting Mercy, The. (the Everlastng Mercy> (1911), By John Masefield, Is A Poem Of Some 1,800 Lines, Telling The Old Story Of A Man's Degradation And Redemption. Life, While Ruthlessly Bringing Every Man's Sowing To The Harvest, 'is Always Merciful Enough To Keep Open The Way That Leadeth Out Of ...
Evidence
Evidence. (the Word Evidence Con Sidered In Relation To Law Includes All The Legal Means Which Tend To Prove Or Disprove Any Mat Ter Of Fact The Truth Of Which Is Submitted To Judicial Investigation.'" (taylor). Evidence May Be Either Oral Or Documentary. Oral Evi Dence Is The Statements Made ...
Evidences Of Christianity
Evidences Of Christianity, In Favor Of Its Divine Origin, May Be Divided Broadly Into Two Great Classes, Namely, External Evidences, Or The Body Of Historical Testimonies To The Christian Revelation; And Internal Evi Dences, Or Arguments Drawn From The Nature Of Christianity Itself As Exhibited In Its Teach Ings And ...
Evil
Evil, Origin Of, The Subject Of Extensive Theological And Philosophical Speculation. The Difficulty Of The Question Lies Mainly In The Fact That The Existence Of Evil In The World Seems In Consistent With The View That It Was Created And Is Maintained By An Omnipotent And Beneficent Creator. The Various ...
Evolution
Evolution, History Of. In Travers Ing The History Of Natural Science As In Travers Ing The History Of Any Phase Of Human Thought And Activity, We Seek Constantly For New Things, For The Precise Time Of The Discovery Of The New Fact, The Announcement Of The New Idea, The Formulation ...
Ewald
Ewald, Georg Heinrich August, Ga-cirg Ow'goost Evalt, German Orien Talist And Biblical Cr.tic: B. Gottingen, 16 Nov. 1803; D. There, 4 May 1875. As A Student He Published His First Critical Work, Kompo Sition Der Genesis.' He Became Professor Of Theology At Gottingen In 1831, And In 1835 Professor Of ...
Ewart
Ewart, James Cossar, British Zoologist: B. Penicuik, Near Edinburgh, 26 Nov. 1851. He Was Educated At Edinburgh University, Where He Graduated M.d., And Was Appointed Demon Strator Of Anatomy 1874. In '875 He Became Conservator Of The Museum, University College, London; In 1878 Professor Of Natural History, Aberdeen University; And ...
Exchange
Exchange, The Act Of Exchanging Or Giving One Thing For Another. The Term Also Signifies That Which Is So Given. In Commerce It Is Applied To A Place Where Merchants, Brokers, Etc., Meet To Transact Business; It Is Generally Contracted Into 'change. The Institution Of The Modern Exchange Dates From ...
Excise Laws In The
Excise Laws In The United States. The Struggle Of The English People Against Excise Was Not Due To Any Intrinsic Ini Quity In The Tax, But Partly To Popular Dislike Of All Direct Taxes (see Cusroms; Tariff) ; Partly To The Inquisitorial Methods Involved, Partly To Their Use As A ...
Excommunication
Excommunication, An Act Of Eccle Siastical Jurisdiction Whereby A Christian Is Separated From The Communion Of The Church. It Is Not, However, Peculiar To Biblical Religion, A Discipline Somewhat Analogous Being Exercised By The Ancient Romans. The Clearest Analogy To The Christian Discipline Is That •furnished By The Rabbinical Code, ...
Excursion
Excursion, The.
Execution
Execution, In Law, The Carrying Into Effect Of The Final Judgment, Decree Or Order Of The Court. Execution Is Effected By A Writ Or Order Directed To The Proper Officer And Com Manding Him To Do A Certain Thing. In Civil Law It Is The Means Of Obtaining That Which ...
Executive
Executive, In The United States, Prop Erly, Though In The Narrow And Restricted Sense, The Entire Official Body Charged With The Ex Ecution Of The Laws, But Popularly The Chief Officer, As President (of The United States), Governor (of A State), Mayor (of A City), Etc. Executive Executive Functions In ...
Executor
Executor (lat. Gperformer9). An Executor Is One To Whom Another Man Commits His Last Will And Testament For Execution Of That Last Will And Testament (2 Black. Comm. 503). A Person To Whom A Testator By His Will Commits The Execution Or Putting In Force Of That Instrument And Its ...
Exegesis
Exegesis, Biblical. The Word "exege Sis° Is From The Greek 10790ic, Primarily A Leading Out, And Coming To Mean, An Interpreta Tion, An Explanation, A Making Clear. The Verb Ifnybmai Occurs Six Times In The New Testa Ment, Always In The Sense Of Revealing A Fact Or Of Making Clear ...
Exemplary Novels
Exemplary Novels. Second Only In Importance To 'don Quixote' Among The Fictions Of Cervantes Are His Tales, Published In 1613 As (novelas Exemplares' Or 'exemplary Novels.' Although The Preface Spoke Of 13 Stories, But 12 Were First Included, The 13th Having Evidently Been Withdrawn At The Last Moment. This Was ...
Exeter
Exeter, England, City,. Seaport And County, Parliamentary And Municipal Borough, In The County Of Devon On The Left Bank Of The Exe, 10 Miles Northwest From Its Outlet In The English Channel, On The Great Western And London And Southwestern Railways And 171 Miles By Rail Southwest Of London. Though ...
Exodus
Exodus, Book Of. The Book Of Exodus Is The Second Book In The Old Testament ; And, Of Course, Occupies The Same Position In The Collection Known As The "five Books Of Moses" Or The 'pentateuch," Which Constitutes The First Division Of The Hebrew Bible. Its Hebrew Name Is Weilleh ...
Expansion
Expansion, In Physics, Is The Increase In The Bulk Of Bodies, In Consequence Of A Rise In Their Temperature. This Is One Of The Most General Effects Of Heat, Being Com Mon To All Forms Of Matter, Whether Solid, Liquid Or Gaseous. Expansion Of Three Kinds Is Recognized: (1) Linear ...
Expatriation
Expatriation, The Renunci Ation Of The Rights And Liabilities Of Citizenship In One Country, In Order To Become The Citizen Or Subject Of Another. The Right Of A Citizen Of One Country To Renounce His Allegiance In Order To Adopt Another Country As His Own Has And Is Still Much ...
Expert Testimony
Expert Testimony. A Branch Of The Law Of Legal Evidence Which May Be Defined As Testimony In The Form Of An Opinion, Based Upon Facts Proved In An Action By Other Wit Nesses, Or Upon Facts Assumed To Have Been Proved, Concerning Matters Involving Scientific Or Technical Knowledge. The Value ...