Baton (ba'ton). The stem or wand supporting the cauliculi (small scrolls and leaves) of the Corinthian capital. (See Plate XV I ) Batter (bat'ter). A backward or receding slope in the face of a wall as it rises.
Bead (bed). A small, half-round moulding. (See Fig. 5.) Bead-and-Reel (bed-and-rel). A much-used decorative moulding consisting of a small sphere and one or two circular discs, repeated;. used only to ornament a small bead moulding. (See A and C, Plate XL.) Beak-moulding (bek-mold'ing). A moulding with a downward projecting part on its exterior edge—the whole outline somewhat resembling a bird's beak—to make a drip for rain water and prevent it from working back against the face of the wall beneath. (See M, Fig. 46.) Bell-shaped (bel'-shapt). In the form of a bell; flaring. (See Fig. 73.) • Belly (bel'i). The slight swell, or increase in diameter, which sometimes oc curs between the base and neck of a column. It may refer to that part near the center of the column where its diameter becomes greater than at the base. (See at "Shaft," Fig. 61.) Belt course (belt kors). A course of stone or moulded work carried at the same level across or around a building. (See F, Fig. 2.) Beni-Hassan (ba'ne-has'san). A village on the Nile, near which are several an cient rock-cut tombs dating from about 3000 B. C.
Beneventum (ben-e-ven'tum.) An inland town of Italy, northeast of Naples, where there is an arch of date 114 A. D. erected in honor of Trajan.
Boss (bos). A projecting ornament, placed at the intersections of the ribs or groins in vaulted or flat roofs or ceilings, and in other situations. (See in . doorway, Plate LVIII.) Bounding wall. A wall enclosing any area or defining a boundary.
Bracket (brak'et). An ornamental projection—generally of partially rounded outline—intended to support a statue, pier, cornice, etc; a corbel. (See Figs. 133 and 139.) Cable (ka'b'1). A small, raised moulding of rounded section, made to resemble the spiral twist of a rope; used for ornamenting the plain surfaces of fillets, or the furrows of flutings; when used on a column, this method of decoration is termed cabling.
Caisson (kas'son). A deep panel or coffer in a ceiling or soffit. (See Plates XXX and XXXI; also Fig. 103.) Calyx (ka'liks). The outer covering of a carved flower ornament. (See Plate XV.) Campanile (kamp'a-n1).. A bell _tower, especially one built separate from a church. (See Plate XXVI.) Canals (ka-nalz'). The name sometimes given to the channels in the Doric triglyph. (See Fig. 7.)
Canalis (ka-na'lis). The space enclosed between the fillets of the Ionic volute, convex in section in early work; and later, concave. (See Plate XLII.) Canted (kan'ted). Set at an angle; tilted or moved from a horizontal line.
(See'volute in.Fig. 120.) Cap (kap). A top or crowning member, or series of members—as the capital of a column. (See Fig. 3.) Capital (kap'i-tal). The uppermost part of a column, pillar, or pilaster, which serves as a crown to the shaft, and occurs between it and the entablature or other upper portions of the structure. (See Figs. 3 and 25.) Capitoline (kap'i-to-lin). The name given to one of the seven hills on which Rome was built, situated at the end of the Forum; upon it was built the Capitol.
Caryatid (kar-i-at'id). - Plural, Caryatides. A female figure serving as a column to support an entablature, or used in place of a column under any other similar conditions. (See Figs. 80 and 81.) Corresponding male figures are called Atlantes.
Castor and Pollux (kas'tor and pol'luks). Two Greek deities in whose honor was erected a temple at Cora.
Catellus (ka-tel'lus). A Roman leader, under whose direction the Tabularium in Rome was built.
Cathetus (kath'e-tus). The vertical line drawn through the eye and volute of the Ionic capital, upon which is based the geometrical method of laying out the spiral. (See Fig. 11.) Cauliculus (kau-lik'u-lus). Plural, Cauliculi. The volutes or small stalks under the flower on the abacus in the Corinthian capital. Also some times called Helices (plural of Helix). (See Plates XV and XVI.) Cavetto (ka-vet'o). A hollowed-out or concave moulding. (See Fig. 5.) Cella (sel'a). The room or chamber containing the image of the Deity, which formed the nucleus of an ancient Greek or Roman temple, as distin guished from the additional rooms often combined with it to form the complete temple. (See Figs. 33, 34, and 67.) Channel (chan'el). (a) One of a series of grooves, usually vertical and of elliptical section, separated by sharp edges or arrises, and forming a char acteristic feature of the shaft of the Greek Doric Order. The channel is to be distinguished from the flute, of which the section is an arc of a circle. (See Fig. 49.) (b) The V-sunk incision occurring in the face of the Doric triglyph. (See Fig. 7.) Chambers (cham'berz), Sir William. An English architect and writer on architecture, belonging to the end of the English Renaissance period.