Coupled (kup'ld). Linked together. "Coupled columns" are arranged in pairs, with their bases and capitals touching, and with a correspondingly wider span between the grouped pairs. (See Figs. 19 and 20.) Cove (kov). A cavetto, or concave moulding; a member whose section is a concave curve. (See Fig. 5.) Cresting (kres'ting). An ornamental finish to a wall or ridge. The upper member of a cornice or ridge, generally intended to be decorative in char acter. (See Plate L.) Crowning (krou'ning). Finishing at the top. The upper member of a cor nice or other architectural form. (See Fig. 5.) Cupola (ku'po-la). A small vaulted structure affixed to the roof of a building, generally hemispherical or curvilinear in outline, covering a circular or polygonal area, and supported either upon four arches or upon solid walls.
Curvilinear (kur-vi-lin'e-ar). Bounded by curved lines.
Cusp (kusp) The intersecting point of the small arcs decorating the internal curves of Gothic foils; also the figure formed by the intersection of such arcs.
Cyclopean (si-klo-pe'an). Pertaining to the Cyclops, a fabled race of giants; therefore, large in scale and massive in size.
Cylindrical (si-lin'dri-kal). Having the form of a cylinder; the term is also applied to a section having an extended convex surface.
Cyma (si'ma). A moulding whose section is a. double curve or wave-like in form. (See Fig. 5.) Cyma recta (si'ma rek'ta). A cyma whose section is hollow in its upper part and swelling below. (See Fig. 5.) Cyma reversa (si'ma re-ver'sa). A cyma of section swelling above and hollow below; same as ogee. (See Fig. 5.) Cymatium (si-ma'shi-um). A crowning moulding composed of the cyma. (See Plate IX.) Dado (de'do). The die, or the square or rectangular intermediate part, of the pedestal to a column, located between the base and the cornice; also, that part of a straight pilaster between the plinth and the impost mould ing; also, the finishing of the lower part of the walls in the interior of a house. (See Fig 3.) Daphnis (daf'nis). A Greek architect of Miletus.
Decastyle (deka'stil). Having ten columns in front, or consisting of ten columns.
Degree (de-gre'). (a) A synonymous term for "part" used in the measurement and proportioning of the Orders. (b) A proportional part of an arc of a circle.
Delos (de'los). An island of the lEgean Sea, celebrated for its Greek Doric Temple of Apollo.
Demeter (de-me'ter). Goddess of agriculture; the Roman Ceres. At Peestum and at Eleusis there are remains of temples dedicated to her.
Denticular (den-tik'u-lar). Coitaining dentils; when applied to an Order, containing a course of small rectangular blocks in the cornice. (See Plate
IV and Fig. 110.) Detail (den'til). One of the series of small cubes into which the square mem ber in the bed-moulding of an Ionic, a Corinthian, a Composite, or, occa sionally, a Roman Doric cornice is cut. (See Plate IV and Fig. 110.) Detail ((Mal). Enlarged portion, a section or part of a plan or elevation, usually drawn at large scale for the use of the workmen.
Diagonal (di-ag'o-nal). A straight line drawn from opposite angles, dividing a figure into two angular parts.
Diameter (di-am'e-ter). The distance through the shaft of a column from side to side; generally referring to the lateral distance through the lower part of a shaft immediately above the base moulding.
Diana Propylaea (di-an'a prop-i-le'a). One of the smaller Greek temples at Eleusis, showing a simple use of columns in antis. (See Plates XXXV and XXXVI.) Diastyle (di'a-stll). The term describing a Classic arrangement of columns, having the space of four diameters from center to center of their shafts, and where the intercolumniation measures three diameters. (See Fig. 19.) Die (di). The cubical part of the pedestal between its base and cap; the dado. (See Fig. 3.) Dimension (di-men'shon). The measured distance between two points; the size of a room or building.
Diminution (dim-i-nu'shon). The gradual reduction in size towards the end of an object or column. Tapering.
Diocletian (di-o-kle'shan). A Roman emperor, whose best known remaining architectural monument is the famous Baths in Rome, in the ruins of which have been found late (about 290 A. D.) Roman examples of the various Orders. (See Plate LVI.) Dipteral (dip'te-ral). A structure consisting of or furnished with a double range of columns. (See page 148; also ends of Fig. 34.) Ditriglyphic (di-tri-glif'ic). An interval or space between two columns, ad mitting of the use of two triglyphs on the entablature. (See Fig. 18.) Domitian (do-mi'sh-yan). A Roman emperor ruling 81-96 A. D.
Doric (dor-ik). The oldest, heaviest, and simplest of the three principal Greek and Roman Orders. (See Fig. 50.) Drip (drip). A moulding or projecting member intended to throw off rain water and prevent its running down the wall of a building. (See H and M, Fig. 46.) Eaves (evz). The edge or lower part of a roof projecting beyond the surface of the wall to throw off water. (See Fig. 59.) Eccentric (ek-sen'trik). Not having the same center; referring to circles, which, though related, are not struck from the same center.