Echinus (e-ki'nus). (a) Properly the egg-and-dart ornament cut or painted on the quarter-round moulding that occurs in column capitals. (b) The convex projecting, moulding—of eccentric curve in section in Greek ex amples—supporting the abacus of the Doric capital; hence the corre sponding feature in the capitals of the other Orders, or any moulding of similar profile to the Doric echinus. (See Fig. 5.) Egg-and-Dart (see Echinus). A Classic moulding decorated with an oval, egg shaped ornament alternating with a narrow, pointed, dart-shaped form, used only to decorate an echinus. (See I, Plate XL.) Eleusis (8-10.'sis). A city of Attica famed for the celebration of the mysteries of Demeter.
Elevation (el-8-va'shon). A geometrical drawing of a vertical wall, or a part of a building or other structure in vertical projection. (See Fig. 2.) Encarpus (en-kar'pus). A sculptured ornament in imitation of a festoon of fruits, leaves, or flowers, or of other objects, hanging between two points. (See Figs. 119 and 130.) Engaged (en-g8'jd). Attached; especially a circular column built one-third or one-quarter into a wall, the remainder projecting beyond and free from the wall face. (See B. Fig. 100.) Entablature (en-tab'la-tQr). That port of a lintel construction, or of a Classi cal structure, consisting of horizontal members, which rests upon sup porting columns or vertical members and extends upward to the roof. In the Classic Orders it comprises the architrave, frieze, and cornice. (See Fig. 3.) Entasis (en'te.-sis). A swelling or outward curve along with an inward taper in the vertical profile of the shaft of a column. (See Fig. 87.) Epicurius (ep-i-ke'ri-us).' A famous physician. A temple to Apollo Epicu rius erected at Phigalia. (See Fig. 64.) Epidauros (ep-i-dau'ros). A town in Argolis, chief seat of the worship of .Esculapius, containing several examples of late Greek (architecture, particularly a tholos or circular temple. (See Plate L and Fig. 78.) Epistylium (e-pi'sti-li-um) or Epistyle (e'pi-stil). The architrave of a Classic entablature. See Architrave.
Erechtheum (e-rek-the'um). An Ionic temple on the Acropolis at Athens, begun 479 B. C., completed 408 B. C. (See Figs. 68, 80-85.) Eustyle (u'stil). Denoting an arrangement of columns having an inter columniation or space between column shafts of two and one-fourth diameters. (See Fig. 19.) Exedra (eks'e-dra). A raised, semicircular or elliptical platform with seat
facing towards the center, often used in public places as a memorial. Extrados (eke-tra'-dos). The exterior curve of an arch. (See Fig. 96.) Facade (fa-sad'). The front view or elevation of an edifice, or any one of its principal faces if it has more than one. (See Fig. 45.) " Facure (fa'shur). A plain facing of varying width defined by angles or ings upon each side, as in the architrave of the Classic entablature.
Fascia (fash'i-a). Any broad, flat member or moulding with but little pro jection, as the horizontal bands or broad fillets into which the architraves of the Ionic and Corinthian entablatures are divided. (See Plates V and XI.) Faustina (faus-ti'na). Wife of Antoninus Pius; notorious for her licentious ness. (See Plate LIV.) Fenestration (fen-es-tra'shon). An arrangement of windows where_ their placing and relation to each other form the principal feature of the de sign.
Fillets (fillets). Small mouldings having the appearance of narrow, flat bands. When on wall surfaces, they are rectangular in projecting section. They are generally used to separate other ornaments and mouldings. (See Fig. 5.) Floweret (flou-er-et'). A small flower; one of the parts of the Classic Corin thian and Composite capitals. (See Plate XV.) Flute (floot). One of a series of curved furrows, usually semicircular in plan, separated by narrow fillets. (See F, Fig. 49, and Figs. 55 and 56.) When such fillets are partially filled up by a smaller, raised, semicircular mould ing section, they are said to be cabled.
Fluting (floo'ting). A groove or furrow; the system of decorating by the use of flutes. (See Flute.) Fortuna Tullis (for-tu'na vir-i'lis). A. Corinthian temple in Rome. (See Fig. 123.) Frieze (frez). That part of an entablature which is between the architrave and the cornice. (See Fig. 3.) Frontispiece (fron'tis-pes). The principal front of a building; an ornamental figure or illustration facing the title-page of a book.
Fust (fust). The shaft of a column, or the trunk of a pilaster. (See Fig. 3.) Gable (g8'b1). The name given to an angular-shaped wall surface projecting from a roof, when occurring directly above a horizontal cornice and bounded by raking cornices. (See Plate XXXV.) Gibbs (gibs), James. One of the best known English architects and writers of the Renaissance.