Lamp
Lamp, The General Term For An Apparatus In Which Some Com Bustible Substance, Generally For Illuminating Purposes, Is Held. Lamps Are Usually Associated With Lighting, Though The Term Is Also Employed In Connection With Heating (e.g., Spirit-lamp) ; And As Now Employed For Oil, Gas And Electric Light They Are ...
Lampedusa
Lampedusa, A Small Island In The Mediterranean, Province Of Girgenti, 112 M. South-south-west From The Town Of Girgenti. Pop. (1921, Including Linosa) 2,593. The Two Islands Are Now Known As The Isole Pelagie, And Are Reached By Steamer From Porto Empedocle. Its Greatest Length Is About 7 M., Its Greatest ...
Lampongs The
Lampongs (the), A Residency In South-east Sumatra, Dutch East Indies, Bounded On The North And West By Palembang, On The South By Bencoolen, And On The East By The Straits Of Sunda; Area 28,268 Sq.km. Pop. 239,985 (564 Europeans And Eurasians). The South-western Part Of The Residency, Right Up To ...
Lamprophyres
Lamprophyres, A Group Of Rocks Containing Pheno Crysts, Usually Of Biotite And Hornblende (with Bright Cleavage Surfaces), Often Also Of Olivine And Augite, But Not Of Felspar. They Are Thus Distinguished From The Porphyries And Porphyrites In Which The Felspar Has Crystallized In Two Generations. They Are Essentially "dike Rocks," ...
Lanark
Lanark, A Royal Burgh, Parish And County Town Of Lanark Shire, Scotland, Standing On High Ground About Half A Mile From The Right Bank Of The Clyde. 31 M. S.e. Of Glasgow By The L.m.s. Railway. Pop. (1931) 6,178. It Is The Point From Which The Falls Of The Clyde ...
Lanarkshire
Lanarkshire, South-western County Of Scotland,bounded North By The Shires Of Dumbarton And Stirling, East By West Lothian, Mid-lothian And Peeblesshire, South By Dum Friesshire And West By The Counties Of Ayr, Renfrew And Dumbarton. Area, Excluding Water, Is 564,567 Acres. It Em Braces The Valley Of The Clyde. The Shire ...
Lancashire
Lancashire, A North-western County Of England, Bounded On The North By Cumberland And Westmorland, East By Yorkshire, South By Cheshire And West By The Irish Sea. The Area Is 1,8661 Sq.m. The Coast Is Generally Flat With Low Boulder-clay Cliffs At Places And Broken By Great Inlets, With Wide Expanses ...
Lancaster
Lancaster, City, Municipal Borough, Market, River Port, County Town, Lancaster Parliamentary Division, Lancashire, Eng Land, 230 M. N.w. Of London By The L.m.s. Railway. It Has Two Railway Stations, Castle And Green Ayre. Pop. It Lies At The Head Of The Estuary Of The River Lune, Mainly On Its South ...
Lancaster_2
Lancaster, A City Of South-eastern Pennsylvania, U.s.a., On The Conestoga River, 65m. W. Of Philadelphia; The County Seat Of Lancaster County. It Is On The Lincoln Highway And Several Other Federal And State Roads, And Is Served By The Pennsylvania And The Reading Railways, And By Trolley Lines Radiating In ...
Lance
Lance, A Form Of Spear Used By Cavalry. The Date Of Its Introduction Into Civilized Armies Is Difficult To Trace. Its Employ Ment Can Definitely Be Traced To The Assyrians And Egyptians. The Greeks And Romans Also Appear To Have Used Lances, No Standard Pattern And Common To Both Horse ...
Lancelot
Lancelot (lancelot Du Lac, Or Lancelot Of The Lake), A Famous Figure In Arthurian Romance. There Is No Knight Of Arthur's Court Whose Name Is So Familiar To The Great Majority Of English Readers As That Of Sir Lancelot. The Secret Loves Of Lancelot And The Queen Are The Dominating ...
Land
Land. In Economics, Land Is Commonly Treated As A Separate Factor Or Agent In Production, Differing From Capital In That No Increase Of The Price Paid For Its Use Will Evoke An Increased Sup Ply. What Land Furnishes Is, First, Room For Productive Operations Or Other Activities, And Second, Location, ...
Land Grant Colleges And Universities
Land-grant Colleges And Universities Are Also Known As Agricultural And Mechanical Colleges. Of The 69 Institutions (1929) In The United States, Including 26 State Universities, One Is Situated In Each State (two In Massachusetts), One In Porto Rico, One In Hawaii, One In Alaska And 17 Exclu Sively For Negro ...
Land Nationalization
Land Nationalization. Land As A Commodity Has Certain Special Characteristics Which Distinguish It From Any Other Commodity Known To Economics : (a) It Is The Source Of All Other Forms Of Material Wealth, Beginning With Foodstuffs; (b) It Is Not Created By Man, Although It May Be Modified By Human ...
Land Taxes
Land Taxes. The Taxation Of Land Is One Of The Oldest Forms Of Direct Taxation. As The Main Source Of Production In The Past And As A Definite And Visible Sign Of Wealth, Land Offered A Natural Subject For Taxation And The History Of Taxation Teems With Taxes Levied By ...
Land Tenure Economic And
Land Tenure: Economic And Agrarian Aspects. The Word "tenure" (latin, Tenere, To Hold) De Rives, Probably, From The Feudal System, The Basis Of Which Was That All Land Was "held" By One Individual From Another And None Was Absolutely Owned. The System Was Established In Its Strictest Form By William ...
Land Titles
Land Titles. The Ownership Of Land, Being The Ownership Of The Source And Scene Of All Property And All Life, Must Necessarily Be Of A Complex And In Some Aspects Purely Notional Character. Its Value, Its Immobility, Its Permanence, Its Variety Of Uses And Relationships, Give It A Totally Distinctive ...
Landes
Landes, A Department In The South-west Of France, Formed In 1790 Of Portions Of The Ancient Provinces Of Guyenne (landes, Condomois, Chalosse), Gascony And Bearn, And Bounded N. By Gironde, E. By Lot-et-garonne And Gers, S. By Basses Pyrenees, And W. (for 68 M.) By The Bay Of Biscay. Pop. ...
Landscape Architecture
Landscape Architecture. "landscape Architec Ture Is Primarily A Fine Art, And As Such Its Most Important Func Tion Is To Create And Preserve Beauty In The Surroundings Of Human Habitations And In The Broader Natural Scenery Of The Country; But It Is Also Concerned With Promoting The Comfort, Convenience And ...
Landscape Painting
Landscape Painting. Landscape Art Began When Artists Sought To Give A Slight Expression Of Background In Their Works Of Men And Animals. As Used By The Earliest Artists It Is Very Simple : A Mere Line Expresses A Horizon; A Few Lines Express Foreground And Distance. In Indian And Persian ...
Landsknecht
Landsknecht, A German Mercenary Foot-soldier Of The 16th Century. The Name (german For "man Of The Plains") Was Given To Mark The Contrast Between The Force Composed Of These Soldiers, Formed By The Emperor Maximilian I. About The End Of The 15th Century, And The Swiss, The "men Of The ...
Landsturm
Landsturm, Originally A General Levy In Time Of War. The Name Was Later Given To Certain Militia Forces Of Germany, Aus Tria-hungary And Switzerland, Consisting Of All Those Men Of Mili Tary Age Not Serving In The Navy, The First-line Army Or The Landwehr. The German Landsturm Before The World ...
Landwehr
Landwehr, That Part Of The Organized Forces Of Which Continuous Service Is Required Only In Time Of War. The Prussian Landwehr Was First Formed During The War Of Liberation Against Napoleon And After The Unification Of Germany Became The Recog Nized Second-line Army. On Termination Of Their Service In The ...
Lanfranc
Lanfranc (d. 1089), Archbishop Of Canterbury, Was Born Early In The 11th Century At Pavia, Where His Father, Hanbald, Was A Magistrate. Lanfranc Studied Law, And Tradition Links Him With Irnerius Of Bologna As A Pioneer In The Renaissance Of Roman Law. After His Father's Death He Crossed The Alps ...
Lango
Lango. The Lango (sometimes Incorrectly Called Miro And Bakedi) Are A Nilotic Tribe Of Uganda, Combining Agriculture With Animal Husbandry. A Well-built, Tall, Upstanding Race, They Live In The Marshy And Lowland Country North And East Of Lakes Kwanya And Kioga, Arriving There After A Series Of Migrations From The ...
Langport
Langport, A Market Town In Somersetshire, England, 131 M. E. Of Taunton By The G.w. Railway. Pop. (1921) 781. Langport Owed Its Origin To Its Defensible Position On A Hill, And Its Growth To Its Facilities For Trade On The Chief River Of Somerset. It Occupies The Site Of The ...
Language
Language. By Language In The Widest Sense Of The Word Is Meant Any Means Of Communication Between Living Beings. The Question Whether "lower Animals" Have Something That Can Be Rightly Compared With Human Language Must Still Be Left Open, Though There Can Be No Doubt That Many Animals Have Various ...
Languedoc
Languedoc, One Of The Old Provinces Of France, The Name Of Which Dates From The End Of The 13th Century. In 1290 It Was Used To Refer To The Country In Whose Tongue (longue) The Word For "yes" Was Oc, As Opposed To The Centre And North Of France, The ...
Lansing
Lansing, Capital City Of Michigan, U.s.a., Ingham County, On The Grand River At The Mouth Of The Cedar, 85 M. W.n.w. Of Detroit. It Is On Federal Highways 16, 27 And 127; Has A Municipal Airport ; And Is Served By The Grand Trunk, The Michigan Central, The New York ...
Lantern
Lantern, A Metal Case Filled In With Some Transparent Material, And Used For Holding A Light And Protecting It From Rain Or Wind. (an Adaptation Of The Fr. Lanterns From Lat. Lantern Or Laterna, Supposed To Be From Gr. Xa,urriip, A Torch Or Lamp, X6.1.oretv, To Shine, Cf. "lamp"; The ...
Lao Tse
Lao-tse (properly La0-'110), The Designation Of Li Erh, A Pre-confucian Philosopher And Metaphysician Of China. The Tdo—te—king Or Classic Of Reason And Virtue, Commonly Ascribed To Him Was Obviously Not From His Brush Although It Embodies His Precepts And Speculations. Lao-tze Means The "old According To The Shan Hsien Chiian ...
Laodicea Ad Lycum
Laodicea Ad Lycum (mod. Denizli, Q.v.) Was Founded Probably By Antiochus Ii. Theos. (261-246 B.c.) And Named After His Wife Laodice. Its Site Is Close To The Station Of Gonjeli On The Anatolian Railway. Here Was One Of The Oldest Homes Of Christianity And The Seat Of One Of The ...
Laon
Laon, A Town Of Northern France, Capital Of The Department Of Aisne, 87 M. N.e. Of Paris On The Northern Railway. Pop. 0931) 14,428• The Hilly District Of Laon (laudunum) Has Always Had Some Strategic Importance. Laon Was Fortified By The Romans, And Successively Checked The Invasions Of The Franks, ...
Laos
Laos, A Territory Of French Indo-china, Covering About A Third Part Of The Laotian Country, Bounded North By The Chinese Province Of Yunnan, West By The British Shan States And Siam, South By Cambodia And Annam, East By Annam And North-east By Tong-king. Northern Laos Is Traversed By The Mekong ...
Lapidary
Lapidary And Gem Cutting. The Earliest Examples Of Gem Cutting And Carving Known (see Also Gem) Are The Ancient Engraved Seals, Which Are Of Two Principal Types, The Cylindrical Or "rolling" Seals Of Babylonia And Assyria, Suggested By A Joint Of The Bamboo Or The Central Whorl Of A Conch-like ...
Lapis Lazuli
Lapis Lazuli, A Mineral Substance Valued For Decora Tive Purposes In Consequence Of Its Deep Blue Colour. It Is Opaque And Takes A Good Polish, And Since Ancient Times It Has Been Much Used For Small Ornaments And For Inlaying. Its Beautiful Colour Led To Its Employment, When Ground And ...
Lapland
Lapland, A Region Of Northern Europe Inhabited By The Lapps, Though Not Applied To Any Administrative District. It Stretches Across The North Of Norway, Sweden, Finland And Russia, From The Norwegian Coast To The White Sea. Most Of The Scandinavian Portion Of Lapland Presents The Usual Characteristics Of The Mountain ...
Larache El
Larache (el A Port In Northern Morocco, On The Atlantic Coast, In The Spanish Zone, In Lat. 35° 13' N., In Long. 6° 9' W., 43 M. By Sea S. By W. Of Tangier, On The Left Bank Of The Estuary Of The Lukkos. The Old Town, Surrounded By Ruins, ...
Laramie
Laramie (lar'a-mi), City, South-eastern Wyoming, U.s.a., On The Laramie River, 4o M. W.n.w. Of Cheyenne; County Seat Of Albany County And The Seat Of The State University. It Is A District Division Point On The Union Pacific, And Is Served Also By The Laramie, North Park And Western Railway; Is ...
Larceny
Larceny, In Law, Is The Unlawful Taking And Carrying Away Of Things Personal With Intent To Deprive The Rightful Owner Of The Same, And Is Now Described By The English Statute In Force As "stealing." The Term Theft, Sometimes Used As A Synonym Of Larceny, Is In Reality A Broader ...
Larch
Larch, A Name Applied To A Small Group Of Coniferous Trees Of The Class Gymnosperms. The Members Of The Genus Larix Are Distinguished From The Firs By Their Deciduous Leaves, Scattered Singly On The Young Shoots Of The Season, But On All Older Branch Lets Growing In Whorl-like Tufts, Each ...
Lard
Lard, The Rendered Fats Of The Hog. Lard Of Various Kinds Is Made In Enormous Quantities By The Great Pork-packing Houses At Chicago And Elsewhere In America. "neutral Lard" Is Prepared By Melting The Fat From Leaf And Back Fat At Low Temperature. It Is Used (primarily) In The Production ...
Laredo
Laredo, A City Of Southern Texas, U.s.a., On The Rio Grande, Opposite Nuevo Laredo, Mexico; A Port Of Entry And The County Seat Of Webb County. It Is The Southern Terminus Of The Meridian Highway; Is Served By The Missouri Pacific, The Rio Grande And Eagle Pass, And The Texas ...
Lark
Lark, Applied With A Prefix, E.g., Titlark, Wood-lark, To A Number Of Birds, But When Used Alone By Englishmen Means The Skylark, Alauda Arvensis. This Bird, A Favourite Cage-bird By Reason Of Its Beautiful Song, And Also Esteemed For The Table, In Habits The Northern Hemisphere Of The Old World ...
Larkspur
Larkspur, The Popular Name For Species Of Delphinium, A Genus Of Hardy Herbaceous Plants Belonging To The Family Ran Unculaceae (q.v.). They Are Of Erect Branching Habit, With The Flowers In Terminal Racemes, Often Of Considerable Length. Blue Is The Predominating Colour, But Purple, Pink, Yellow (d. Sul Phureum), Scarlet ...
Larva And Adult Of
Fig. 17.-structure Of Pupa, Larva And Adult Of Mediterranean Flour Moth (ephestia Kuhniella) By Their Larvae Having Abdominal Feet Usually Only Present On The 6th And Loth Segments, And They Consequently Progress In A Series Of Loops (hence The Name Geometers Or Loopers). They Are Mostly Thin-bodied Moths Of Slender ...
Laryngitis
Laryngitis, Inflammation Of The Mucous Membrane Of The Larynx. There Are Three Chief Varieties—acute, Chronic And Oedematous. The Larynx Is Also Liable To Inflammation In Tubercu Losis And Syphilis. Rotic Oedema. There Are All The Symptoms Of Acute Laryngitis On An Exaggerated Scale. The Dyspnoea, Accompanied By Marked Stridor, May ...
Las Palmas
Las Palmas, The Capital Of The Spanish Island Of Grand Canary, In The Canary Archipelago, In 28° 7' N. And 24' W. With Pop. (1933 Est.) Of 81,858, It Is The Largest City In The Canary Islands, Of Which It Was The Capital Until 1833. Its Bishop Is Sub Ordinate ...
Latakia
Latakia, A Seaport Of Syria Opposite The Island Of Cyprus, Pop. About 22,000 (12,000 Muslims). The Ancient Phoenician Name Was Ramitha And It Received The Name Laodicea From Seleucus Nicator With The Addition Ad Mare To Distinguish It From Five Others. In The Roman Period It Was Favoured By Caesar ...
Latency In Infective Disease
Latency In Infective Disease, A Condition In Which, Infection Having Occurred, The Manifestations Of Bacterial Disease Are Postponed. In One Sense, Latency Is An Excessive Pro Longation Of Incubation Period, But The Following Case, Reported By Abraham In A Discussion On The Subject At The Royal Medical And Chirurgical Society ...
Latent Heat
Latent Heat. The Heat Absorbed When Unit Mass Of Any Substance Changes Its State Without Change Of Temperature; E.g., When I Gm. Of Ice At O° C Melts To Form Water At O° C, 79.6 Calories Of Heat Are Absorbed. Latent Heat Of Fusion And Latent Heat Of Vaporization Are ...
Lateran Councils
Lateran Councils, The Ecclesiastical Councils Or Syn Ods Held At Rome In The Lateran Basilica, Which Was Dedicated To Christ Under The Title Of Salvator, And Further Called The Basilica Of Constantinople Or The Church Of John The Baptist. Ranking As A Papal Cathedral, This Became A Much-favoured Place Of ...
Laterite
Laterite. The Name Laterite (later, A Brick) Was Given By F. Buchanan-hamilton (1807) To The Peculiar Mantle Of Ferru Ginous Rock Which Covers Large Areas In Southern India. Similar Material From The Futah Jallon Territory Of West Africa, Analysed By P. Berthier (182o), Yielded 2.8% Silica, 8.6% Alumina, 77.2% Ferric ...