tulu,ions of a recent treatise on .,:da \j, 111111;1113 arC: To ad .. 11 r quinine in preventive doses, 12 t 15 !mains. at intervals of four or j.s. s. is considered sufficient. 2. ..-ks tl g,rics are in the atmosphere and are tr. .101..1 into the lungs. troops. must be .fon: tuded to keep their mouths shut w L.1) as breathing air filtered tl r. ugh the nose is much less dangerous. 3. Malarilll districts. marshes, etc., must 1 e avcid.d ancl habitations located 200 to 3On metres above them where possible. No work should be permitted in the heat el tbe day. Houses should be sur rounded w ith trees at least their own beight. and indows should be g,lazed to keep out the evening dew. Exposure to tbis dew nmst be strictly avoided as far pos-4ble. 4. Europeans must not at tempt to cultivate the ground in the in tertropical regions. It is death to them, but does not injure negroes or other na tives. who should be secured for this j urposc. "Maurel (Bull. Acad. de Med., Jan. 21, '96).
Prophylactic measures adopted in Central Africa: Certain amount of credit given to the exhibition of small daily doses of quinine, commenced at sea before entering the country and con tinued whenever the line of march lay along the course of low-banked rivers or cut across marshes or alluvial plains at a watershed-foot. The doses about 4 grains prt- (firm, and were never pushed to the causation of symptoms. In Cen tral Africa it was found after experience that the best clinical results were ob tained by apportioning to each indi vidual such an amount of the drug as sufficed to produce in him an aural dis turbance indicative of the commence ment of quininism. S. K. Smith (Lancet, Apr. 10, '97).
Quinine usually proves very potent in preventing or at least mitigating malarial disease, even in very unhealthy locali ties. Three to 4 'A grains a day can be employed for months with impunity. The daily dose should not exceed 9 grains nor be less than 2 grains. Hydrochloride preferable to the sulphate and is better supported. If added to coffee, that pre cipitates a portion of the quinine. La veran (Med. Record, Oct. 2, '97).
Peview of the literature of the. last twelve years, including the observations of explorers, army-surgeons, and others: The following prophylactic measures, carried out simultaneously, are necessary in malarial districts to insure adequate protection:— 1. To avoid contamination through the respired air and inoculation by in sects :— Unaeclimatized men, white or black, should not be employed for the digging of trenches, the erection of defenses, or any other kind of work involving up turning of the soil. Natives should alone be utilized for this work.
High ground should be selected for camp-sites, windward, if possible, of any sw amp, pool, stream, etc., that may be in the neighborhood.
The men should sleep as high above the ground as possible (not less than two feet and, if practicable, from twelve to fifteen feet) and be provided with mos quito-netting.
While crossing malaria-laden forests, glens, lowlands, swamps, etc., the men should be ordered to avoid talking.
2. To avoid contamination by water:— When water from malarial regions is alone available for drinking-put-poses, it should be filtered, or, preferably, steril ized by boiling.
Bathing should not be permitted when w ate'. from a malarial region can alone be obtained, but washing of the body with such water is permissible, provided carbolic-acid soap be employed.
3. To prevent the development of ma larial parasites in the blood:— Four grains of hydrochlorate of qui nine should be administered morning and evening during meals as prophylactic, be ginning two days before the malarious region is reached.
4. To conserve the general powers of resistanee of the economy:— Regular and frequent periods of rest should intersperse long marches. Drench ing and wading through streams should be avoided when possible. 'Varied and adequate food should be furnished.
The head should be so protected as to seeure a maximum amount of coolness under all degrees of temperature, a head gear such as the solar tepil being fur nished for this purpose. C. E. de :1.1. Sajous (Monthly eyelo. of Bract. Med., May, '98).
As a protection against mosquitoes a piece of oak-prink about an inch square should be placed at bed-time in a saucer on a metal plate. Upon this is to be put a large pinch, about as big as a nut, of powdered pyrethrum, and when the mosquitoes get troublesome the punk should be ignited. The smoke produced hy the burning pyrethrum will infallibly drive away the mosquitoes for the night. Editorial (Gaz. Hebdom. de Med. et de Chir., Jmie 23, '98).
Prophylaxis against tropical malarial fever in our camps should consist of changing the clothes before retiring at night, avoidance uf constipation, and a daily ration of quinine, to which whisky should be added when the subject has been exposed to rain. Sleeping in shacks or in tents with the sides open, and as far as possible selecting for camps high sites exposed to wind and sunshine should be encouraged. Hammocks should he swung at least three teet from the ground: in more permanent locations beds constructed of split, limbs of trees are better than hammocks. Mosquito nettings should always be used; and, as the mosquito of the tropics is often smaller than his fellow of the North, a very fine mesh is indispensable. To these precautions should be added a careful, systematic medical supervision of water s-implies, kitchens, and diet; a daily in spection of each company by a medical officer; and, filially, rejection at recruit ing-stations of men with positive his tories of malarial infection, and the in validing home of all patients who re spond only temporarily to treatment. J. E. Stubbert (Med. News, July 30, '98).