Fort William
Fort William, Police Burgh, Inverness-shire, Scotland. Pop. (1931) 2,527. It Lies At The North-eastern End Of Loch Linnhe, An Arm Of The Sea, About 62 M. S.s.w. Of Inverness By Road Or Canal, And Was, In Bygone Days, One Of The Keys Of The Highlands. It Is 1221- M. N.e. ...
Fort William_2
Fort William, The Principal City Of Thunder Bay Dis Trict, Ontario, Canada, 426 M. (by Rail) E.s.e. Of Winnipeg, On The Kaministiquia River, About A Mile From Lake Superior. It Is On The Canadian Pacific And Canadian National Railways, And Served By Several Steamship Lines. Port Arthur Lies 4 M. ...
Fort Worth
Fort Worth, A City Of Northern Texas, U.s.a., 3o M. W. Of Dallas, At The Confluence Of Clear Fork With The West Fork Of The Trinity River; The County Seat Of Tarrant County, A Port Of Entry In The San Antonio Customs District, The Greatest Railway Cen Tre Of The ...
Fortification And Siegecraft
Fortification And Siegecraft. "fortifica Tion" Is The Military Art Of Strengthening Positions Against Attack. The Word (lat. Fortis, Strong, And Facere, To Make) Implies The Creation Of Defences. Thus The Boy Who From The Top Of A Mound Defies His Comrades, Or Shelters From Their Snowballs Behind A Fence, Is ...
Fortrose
Fortrose, Royal Burgh And Seaport, County Of Ross And Cromarty, Scotland. Pop. (1931) 875. It Is On The South-east Coast Of The Peninsula Of The Black Isle, 8 M. Due N.n.e. Of In Verness, 264 M. By Rail. It Is The Terminus Of The Black Isle Branch Of The L.m.s.r. ...
Fortunatus
Fortunatus, The Hero Of A Popular European Chap-book. He Was A Native, Says The Story, Of Famagusta In Cyprus, And Meeting The Goddess Of Fortune Received A Purse Which Was Replenished As Often As He Drew From It. He Wandered Through Many Lands, And At Cairo Was The Guest Of ...
Forty
Forty, The Cardinal Number Equal To Four Tens. The Name "the Forty" Has Been Given To Various Bodies, Particularly To A Judicial Body Of 4o Members In Ancient Athens Who Tried Small Cases In The Rural Districts, And To A Court Of Criminal Jurisdiction And Two Civil Appeal Courts In ...
Forum Appii
Forum Appii, An Ancient Post Station On The Via Appia, 43 M. S.e. Of Rome, Founded, No Doubt, By The Original Con Structor Of The Road. Horace Mentions It As The Usual Halt At The End Of The First Day's Journey From Rome. It Was The Starting Point Of A ...
Forum Traiani
Forum Traiani, An Ancient Town Of Sardinia, On The River Thyrsus (tirso), And A Station On The Roman Road Through The Centre Of The Island From Carales To Olbia And Turris Libisonis. The Best Preserved Of Its Ruins Are The Baths, Erected Over Hot Mineral Springs. The Tanks For Collecting ...
Forum
Forum, An Open Place Used, Like The Greek Agora (q.v.), For The Transaction Of Mercantile, Judicial, Or Political Business. It Was Level, Rectangular In Form, Surrounded By Porticoes, Basilicas, Courts Of Law, And Other Public Buildings. In The Laws Of The Twelve Tables The Word Is Used Of The Vestibule ...
Fossa Or Foussa
Fossa Or Foussa (cryptoprocta Ferox), A Civet-like Mam Mal Peculiar To Madagascar, Where It Is The Largest Carnivorous Animal. It Is About Twice The Size Of A Cat (5f T. From Nose To End Of Tail), With Short Close Fur Of Nearly Uniform Pale Brown. It Is Nocturnal, Frequently Attacks ...
Fossano
Fossano, A Town And Episcopal See Of Piedmont, Italy, Province Of Cuneo, 15 M. N.e. Of The Town Of That Name By Rail, 1,180 Ft. Above Sea-level. The Pop. Of The Commune In 1931 Was 21,845. It Has An Imposing Castle With Four Towers, Begun By Filippo D'acaia In 1314. ...
Fossanuova
Fossanuova, An Abbey Of Italy, Province Of Rome, Near The Railway Station Of Sonnino, 64 M. S.e. Of Rome. It Is The Finest Example Of A Cistercian Abbey, And Of The Burgundian Early Gothic Style, In Italy. The Church (1187-1208) Is Closely Similar To That Of Casamari. The Other Conventual ...
Fosse
Fosse (or Foss) Way, The Early English Name Of A Roman Road Or Series Of Roads In Britain, Used Later By The English. Running From Lincoln By Leicester And Bath To Exeter. Almost All The Roman Line Is Still In Use As Modern Road. It Passes From Lincoln Through Newark ...
Fossick
Fossick (probably An English Dialectical Expression, Mean Ing Fussy Or Troublesome), A Term Applied By The Gold Diggers Of Australia To The Search For Gold By Solitary Individuals, In Untried Localities Or In Abandoned Diggings. A "fossicker," Or Pocket Miner, Is One Who Buys Up The Right To Search Old ...
Fossil Cycad National Monument
Fossil Cycad National Monument Is A Reser Vation (320 Ac. In Area) Situated Only A Few Miles South Of Hot Springs In Fall River County, South Dakota, U.s.a. Within Its Bounds Are Found Unusual Deposits Of Fossil Plants. ...
Fossombrone
Fossombrone, A Town And Episcopal See Of The Marches, Italy (anc. Forum Sempronii), Province Of Pesaro And Urbino, Ii M. E.s.e. Of The Latter By Road, 394 Ft. Above Sea-level. Pop. (1931) Town, 7,239, Commune, 10,408. The Town Is In The Valley Of The Metauro, At The Meeting-point Of Roads ...
Fostat
Fostat. The First Muslim Capital Of Egypt, Founded By Amr, The Persian Conqueror Of Egypt In A.d. 645. Fostat Signi Fies "the Tent," Being Built On The Site Where Amr Pitched His Tent When He Was Besieging Babylon. In Later Times The City Became Known As Masr Or Misr, This ...
Fostoria
Fostoria, A City Of Northern Ohio, U.s.a., 35m. S. By E. Of Toledo, In Seneca And Hancock Counties. It Is On Federal High Way 23, And Is Well Served By The Baltimore And Ohio, The Hocking Valley, The New York Central And Electric Railways. The Popula Tion Was 9,987 In ...
Fotheringhay
Fotheringhay, A Village Of Northamptonshire, Eng Land, Picturesquely Situated On The Left Bank Of The River Nen, 3i M. N.n.e. Of Oundle. Pop. Of Civil Parish (1931) 213. The Castle, Of Which Nothing But The Earthworks And Foundations Re Main, Is Famous As The Scene Of The Imprisonment Of Mary ...
Fougeres
Fougeres, Town Of North-western France, Capital Of An Arrondissement In The Department Of Ille-et-vilaine, 3o M. N.e. Of Rennes By Rail. Pop. (1931) 20,229. Fougeres Frequently Figures In Breton History From The 11th To The 15th Century. It Was Taken By The English In 1166, And Again In 1448. In ...
Foulard
Foulard. A Light Silk Fabric, Having A Distinctive Soft Fin Ish And Of The Plain Or Simple Twill Weave. It Is Said To Come Originally From The Far East. In French, The Word "foulard" Signifies A Silk Handkerchief. The Fabric Is Figured With A Pattern Printed In Various Colours, And ...
Foulgnes De Neuilly
Foulgnes De Neuilly (d. 1202), Crusade Preacher, Was Born At Neuilly, And After A Dissolute Life And A Sudden Conversion, Went To Paris To Study. There He Began To Preach About 1195, And Later Acquired Fame By His Eloquence In Nor Mandy, Burgundy And Picardy. He Declared That He Had ...
Foundation
Foundation, The Act Of Building, Or Instituting On A Permanent Basis, The Establishing Of Any Institution By Endowing It With Funds For Its Continual Maintenance, And Hence The Insti Tutions So Established. The Terms "on The Foundation," Or "foundationer," Are Used Of Members Of A College Or Society Who Enjoy, ...
Foundations
Foundations, As Referred To Building And Construction, Is Appropriately Applied To All Those Portions Of The Structure Below The Footings Of Walls, Piers And Columns. Foundations Are Designed To Transmit The Weight Of The Superstructure To That Por Tion Of The Earth's Surface On Which It Rests And Which May ...
Founders Shares
Founders' Shares, A Class Of British Joint Stock Com Pany Shares Once Not Uncommon But Now Almost Unknown. Foun Ders' Shares Were Created By Company Promoters Who Desired To Retain In Their Hands A Considerable Part Of The Profits Of A Com Pany Which They Floated. They Effected This Purpose ...
Founding
Founding. In A Broad Sense, The Art Of Founding May Be Described As Making A Hole In Sand And Filling It With Fluid Metal. In The Cold State The Metal Retains The Shape And Contour Of The Hole And Is To That Extent A Metal Casting. The Art Of Founding ...
Foundling Hospitals
Foundling Hospitals. It Is Significant That These Institutions Are Gradually Becoming Things Of The Past, And That There Are Few Countries Left In Which Hospitals Are Found Which Exist Solely For The Purpose Of Receiving "foundlings," I.e., Children Who Have Been Abandoned Or Exposed, And Left For The Public To ...
Fountain Pen
Fountain Pen. A Pen With A Reservoir Of Ink Which Automatically Feeds The Nib When The Instrument Is In Use. In Its Practical Form, It Dates Back Only To The Eighteen-eighties. The Modern Fountain Pen Is A Simple Contrivance. In The First Example Shown (fig. I), There Are Only Five ...
Fountain
Fountain, A Term Applied Equally To Simple Arrangements For Letting Water Gush Into An Ornamental Basin And To More Elabo Rate Ones By Which Water Is Mechanically Forced Into High Jets, To The Ornamental Receptacle And To The Jet Of Water Itself. A Very Early Extant Example Is Preserved In ...
Fouquet
Fouquet (or Foucquet), Nicolas (1615-168o), Vis Count Of Melun And Of Vaux, Marquis Of Belle-isle, Superintendent Of Finance In France Under Louis Xiv., Was Born In Paris In 1615. He Belonged To An Influential Family Of The Noblesse De La Robe, And Was Admitted As Avocat At The Parlement Of ...
Four Centred Arch
Four-centred Arch, In Architecture, A Pointed Arch Described From Four Centres, The Smaller Radius Usually Being Nearer The Spring (see Arch). ...
Four Hundred
Four Hundred, In The United States, The Expression Popularly Used To Denote The Inner Circle Of Highest Society. The Term Originally Applied To New York City Society And Is Said To Have Arisen In 1892 When Mrs. William Astor Asked Ward Mcal Lister, A Celebrated Leader Of Society In New ...
Fourchambault
Fourchambault, A Town Of Central France In The De Partment Of Nievre, On The Right Bank Of The Loire, 41 M. N.w. Of Nevers, On The Paris-lyon Railway. Pop. (1931) 4,885. It Has Large Iron-works, Established In 1821, Which Produce Engineer Ing Material For Railway, Military And Other Purposes. Among ...
Fourier Series
Fourier Series, Which Are Also Called Trigonometric Series, Take Their Name From Jean Baptiste Joseph Fourier (see Above), Author Of La Theorie Analytique De La Chaleur (1822). A Great Many Problems Of Analytical Physics, Notably Those Which Relate To The Radiation Of Heat, Are Easily Solved When The Initial State ...
Fourier
Fourier, Francois Charles Marie (1772 1837), French Socialist Writer, Was Born At Besancon, Franche Comte, On April 7, 1772. After Completing His Studies In His Native Town He Travelled For Some Time In France, Germany And Holland. Fourier Entered The Army, But After Two Years' Service As A Chasseur Was ...
Fourmies
Fourmies, A Town Of Northern France, In The Department Of Nord, On An Affluent Of The Sambre, 39 M. S.e. Of Valenciennes By Rail. Pop. (1 931) 12,891. Wool Combing And Spinning Are Important, And A Great Variety Of Cloths Is Produced. The Glass Works Of Fourmies Date From 1599, ...
Fowey
Fowey (usually Pronounced Foy), A Seaport And Town In Cornwall, England, 264i M. W.s.w. Of London On A Branch Of The G.w.r. From Lostwithiel, 25 M. By Sea W. Of Plymouth. Pop. (1931) 2,382. It Lies On The Estuary Of The River Fowey, Sheltered By A Screen Of Hills. The ...
Fowl
Fowl, Originally Used To Mean Any Bird, This Term Has Now Become (except In Combination, As Sea-fowl, Wildfowl) Almost Re Stricted To Gallus Gallus, Its Domestic Races And Its Wild Allies. (for Domestic Fowls, See Poultry.) The Wild G. Gallus Inhabits N. India, Burma, Cochin China, The Malay Peninsula And ...
Fox Indians
Fox Indians, The Name, From One Of Their Clans, Of An Algonkin Tribe, Whose Former Range Was Central Wisconsin. They Call Themselves Musk Wakiuk, "red Earth People." Owing To Heavy Losses In Their Wars With The Ojibways And The French, They Allied Themselves With The Sauk Tribe About 1780, The ...
Fox
Fox (female, Vixen), Primarily The Popular Name For The European Species Of The Dog-family (canidae) Which By Linnaeus Was Named Canis Vulpes; But By Modern Zoologists This Species And Others Related To It Are Assigned To The Genus Vulpes, Because The Nasal Passages Do Not Open Into Hollow Spaces Of ...
Foxglove
Foxglove, A Genus Of Biennial And Perennial Plants Of The Family Scrophulariaceae And Known Botanically As Digitalis. It Contains 25 Species Found In Europe, Western Asia And The Canary Islands. The Common Or Purple Foxglove, D. Purpurea, Is Com Mon In Dry Hilly Pastures And Rocky Places And By Road-sides ...
Foxtail Grass
Foxtail Grass, The Name Given To Perennial Grasses Of The Genus Alopecurus, Com Prising About 3o Species, Natives Of Cool North Temperate Regions. Of These The Meadow Foxtail (a. Pratensis) Is Extensively Culti Vated In Europe As A Pasture Grass, And Is Also Naturalized In North America. Various Species Of ...
Fracastoro
Fracastoro [fracastorius], Girolamo [hierony Mvs] (1483-1553), Italian Physician And Poet, Was Born At Verona. He Studied At Padua And Became Professor Of Philosophy There In 1502, Afterwards Practising As A Physician In Verona. It Was By His Advice That Pope Paul Iii., On Account Of The Preval Ence Of A ...
Frackville
Frackville, A Borough Of Schuylkill County, Pa., U.s.a., 8m. N. Of Pottsville. It Is Served By The Pennsylvania And The Reading Railways. The Population Was 5,590 In 1920; 1930 It Was 8,034. Anthracite Mining Is The Principal Occupation, And There Are Factories Making Saws, Overalls And Shirts. ...
Fraction
Fraction, A Part Of Any Unit, As A Fraction Of A Pound, Of An Acre, Of An Inch, Of An Hour, Or Of A Group. Frangere, To Break) Means "broken," It Was Natural For The Writers Of The I 6th Century To Speak Of "fractions Or Broken Num Bers" And ...
Fractionation
Fractionation, In Chemistry, Consists In Separating Into Fractions Materials Which Differ In Rates Of Crystallization, Boiling Points Or Other Characteristics, Rendering Possible A Sharp Separation. Gases May Be Separated By Fractional Combustion, As In Burning Oxygen Out Of The Air To Secure The Nitrogen (see Nitrogen, Fixation Of). Fractional Crystallization ...
Fractures
Fractures. A Fracture Is A Break, More Especially Of A Bone Or Cartilage. The Bone May Be Broken At The Part Where It Is Struck (fracture From Direct Violence), Or May Break In Con Sequence • Of A Strain Applied To Two Levels Of The Bone At Some Distance Apart ...
Fragonard
Fragonard, , French Painter, Was Born At Grasse, The Son Of A Glover. He Was Articled To A Paris Notary When His Father's Circumstances Became Straitened Through Unsuccessful Speculations, But He Showed Such Talent And Inclination For Art That He Was Taken At The Age Of 18 To Boucher, Who, ...
Frame
Frame, A Word Employed In Many Different Senses, Signifying Something Joined Together Or Shaped. In Constructional Work It Connotes The Union Of Pieces Of Wood, Metal Or Other Material For Purposes Of Enclosure As In The Case Of A Picture Or Mirror Frame. Frames Intended For These Uses Are Of ...
Framingham
Framingham, A Town Of Middlesex County, Massachu Setts, 21m. W. By S. Of Boston; Served By The Boston And Albany And The New York, New Haven And Hartford Railways. The Popu Lation Was 17,033 In 1920, And 22,210 In 1930 By The Federal Census. The Town Occupies 27 Sq.m. Of ...
Framlingham
Framlingham, A Market Town In The Eye Parliamentary Division Of East Suffolk, 91 M. N.e. From London On A Branch Of The L.n.e.r. From Wickham Market. Pop. Of Civil Parish (1931) 2,101. The Church Of St. Michael Is A Fine Perpendicular And Decorated Building Of Black Flint, Surmounted By A ...
Franc
Franc. A French Coin Current At Different Periods And Of Varying Values. The First Coin So Called Was One Struck In Gold By John Ii. Of France In 1360. On It Was The Legend Johannes Dei Gracia Francorum Rex; Hence, It Is Said, The Name. It Also Bore An Effigy ...
Francavilla Fontana
Francavilla Fontana, A Town And Episcopal See Of Apulia, Italy, Province Of Lecce, 22 M. By Rail E. By N. Of Ta Ranto, 46o Ft. Above Sea-level. The Pop. Of The Commune In 1931 Was 21,363. It Is In A Fine Situation, And Has A Massive Square Castle Of The ...
France In The World
France In The World War In Face Of Germany's Continual Increases In The Man-power And Material Strength Of Her Armies, The French Parliament Decided In 1913 To Return To The Three-year Act, The Classes To Be Embodied At The Age Of 20, So That The 1912 And 1913 Classes Could ...
Francesco Foscari
Foscari, Francesco Doge Of Venice, Belonged To A Noble Venetian Family, And Held Many Of The Highest Offices Of The Republic—ambassador, President Of The Forty, Mem Ber Of The Council Of Ten, Inquisitor, Procurator Of St. Mark, Avvogadore Di Co1nun, Etc. His First Wife Was Maria Priuli And His Second ...
Francia
Francia (c. 1450-1517), A Bolognese Painter And Gold Smith, Whose Real Name Was Francesco Raibolini, His Father Being Marco Di Giacomo Raibolini, A Carpenter, Descended From An Old And Creditable Family, Was Born At Bologna About 1450. Francia Was Originally A Goldsmith And Also An Engraver Of Dies And Niellos ...
Franciabigio
Franciabigio (1482-1525), Florentine Painter. His Real Name Was Francesco Di Cristofano ; And He Was Currently Termed Francia Bigio, Francia Standing For Francesco And Bigio Being, The Surname. His Father Was A Milanese Weaver, Settled In Florence. According To Vasari, Franciabigio When Young Worked In The Company Of Andrea Del ...
Francis Ferdinand
Francis Ferdinand (1863-1914), Archduke Of Aus Tria, Was Born At Graz On Dec. 18, 1863. The Eldest Son Of The Archduke Charles Louis And A Nephew Of The Emperor Francis Joseph, He Became, After The Death Of The Crown Prince Rudolph, The Heir To The Austro-hungarian Monarchy. In 1875 He ...
Francis I
Francis I. (1708-1765), Roman Emperor And Grand Duke Of Tuscany, Second Son Of Leopold Joseph, Duke Of Lorraine, Was Born On Dec. 8, 1708. He Married In 1736 Maria Theresa (q.v.), Daughter Of The Emperor Charles Vi. He Succeeded His Father As Duke Of Lorraine In 1729, But The Emperor, ...
Francis Ii
Francis Ii. (1768-1835), The Last Roman Emperor, And, As Francis I., First Emperor Of Austria, Was The Son Of Leopold Ii., Grand-duke Of Tuscany, Afterwards Emperor, And Of His Wife Maria Louisa, Daughter Of Charles Iii. Of Spain. He Was Born At Florence On Feb. 12, 1768. In 1784 He ...
Francis Ii_2
Francis Ii. King Of France, Eldest Son Of Henry Ii. And Of Catherine De' Medici, Was Born At Fontaine Bleau On Jan. 19, 1544. He Married Mary Stuart (see Mary, Queen Of Scots), Daughter Of James V. Of Scotland, On Aug. 25, 1558, And Ascended The French Throne On July ...
Francis Ii_3
Francis Ii. (1836-1894), King Of The Two Sicilies, Son Of Ferdinand Ii. And Maria Cristina Of Savoy, Was The Last Of The Bourbon Kings Of Naples. He Ascended The Throne On May 22, 1859. He At Once Appointed Carlo Filangieri (q.v.), As Prime Minister But Did Not Take His Sensible ...
Francis Iv
Francis Iv. (1779-1846), Duke Of Modena, Was The Son Of The Archduke Ferdinand, Austrian Governor Of Lombardy, Who Acquired The Duchy Of Modena Through His Wife Marie Beatrice, Heiress Of The House Of Este As Well As Of Many Fiefs Of The Mala Spina, Pio Da Carpi, Pico Della Mirandola, ...
Francis I_2
Francis I. King Of France, Son Of Charles Of Valois, Count Of Angoultime, And Louise Of Savoy, Was Born At Cognac On Sept. 12, 1494. On The Accession Of Louis Xii. In 1498, Francis Became Heir-presumptive. Louis Invested Him With The Duchy Of Valois, And Gave Him As Tutor Marshal ...
Francis I_3
Francis I. (1777-183o), King Of The Two Sicilies, Was The Son Of Ferdinand Iv. (i.) And Maria Carolina Of Austria. He Married Clementina, Daughter Of The Emperor Leopold Ii. Of Austria, In 1796, And At Her Death Isabella, Daughter Of Charles Iv. Of Spain. Francis Was Appointed Regent In Sicily ...
Francis Joseph I
Francis Joseph I. (183o-1916), Emperor Of Austria And King Of Hungary, Was Born On Aug. 18, 183o, Eldest Son Of The Archduke Francis Charles, Second Son Of The Reigning Emperor Francis I., And Sophia, Daughter Of Maximilian I., King Of Bavaria. Francis Joseph Was Educated In A Severe And Clerical ...
Francis Of Mayrone
Francis Of Mayrone (d. C. 1326), Scholastic Philoso Pher, Was Born At Mayrone, Provence. He Joined The Franciscans And Subsequently Went To Paris, Where He Was A Pupil Of Duns Scotus. At The Sorbonne His Teaching And Ability In Discussion Gained Him The Title Doctor Illuminates. He Died At Piacenza ...
Francis Of Paola
Francis Of Paola (or Paula), St. (c. 1416-1507), Founder Of The Minims, One Of The Mendicant Orders Of The Roman Catholic Church, Was Born Of Humble Parentage At Paola In Calabria. He Entered A Franciscan Friary, But Left It To Live As A Hermit. Soon Disciples Joined Him, And With ...
Francis V
Francis V. (1819-1875), Duke Of Modena, Son Of Francis Iv., Succeeded His Father In 1846. His Reign Began With Dis Turbances At Fivizzano And Pontremoli, Which Tuscany Surren Dered To Him According To Treaty But Against The Wishes Of The Inhabitants (1847), And Also At Massa And Carrara, Where The ...
Francis
Francis, A Masculine Proper Name Meaning "frenchman" (lat. Franciscus, Ital. Francesco, Fr. Francois, Ger. Franz). As A Christian Name It Originated With St. Francis Of Assisi, Whose Baptismal Name Was Giovanni, But Who Was Called Francesco By His Father On Returning From A Journey In France. The Saint's Fame Made ...
Franciscans
Franciscans (otherwise Called Friars Minor, Or Minor Ites; And In England Grey Friars, From The Colour Of The Habit, Which, However, Is Now Brown Rather Than Grey), A Religious Order Founded By St. Francis Of Assisi (q.v.). It Was In 1206 That St. Francis Left His Father's House And Devoted ...
Francis_2
Francis (francois) Of Sales, St. Noted Bishop Of Geneva And Doctor Of The Church, Was Born In Aug. 1567 At The Castle Of Sales, Near Annecy, Savoy. He Studied At The Jesuit College Of Clermont At Paris And Then At Padua, Where In 1588 He Took His Degree In Law. ...
Franck Or Frank
Franck Or Frank (latinized Francus), Sebastian (c. German Freethinker, Was Born About 1499 At Donauworth, Whence He Styled Himself Franck Von Word. He Entered The University Of Ingoldstadt (1515) And Proceeded Thence To The Dominican College, Incorporated With The Univer Sity, At Heidelberg. Having Taken Priest's Orders, He Held In ...
Franck
Franck. The Name Of Franck Has Been Given Indiscrimi Nately But Improperly To Painters Of The School Of Antwerp Who Belong To The Families Of Francken (q.v.) And Of Vrancx. One Artist Truly Entitled To Be Called Franck Is Gabriel, Who Entered The Gild Of Antwerp In 16o5, Became Its ...
Francken
Francken. Eleven Painters Of This Family Cultivated Their Art In Antwerp During The 16th And 17th Centuries. Several Of These Were Related To Each Other, Whilst Many Bore The Same Chris Tian Name In Succession. Hence Unavoidable Confusion In The Subsequent Classification Of Paintings Not Widely Differing In Style Or ...
Franco German War
Franco-german War The Victories Of Prussia In 1866 Over The Austrians And Their German Allies (see Seven Weeks' War) Rendered It Evident To The Statesmen And Soldiers Of France That A Struggle Between The Two Nations Could Only Be A Question Of Time. Belated Measures Were Initiated In France To ...
Franco
Franco, An Expression In Foreign Commerce, Meaning That A Price Quoted Includes Not Only The Cost Of The Goods, But All The Costs Entailed In Delivering Them To The Purchaser's Address, I.e., Cost, Insurance, Shipping Freight, The Import Duty Levied By The Importing Country, Foreign Carriage, Etc. In American Prac ...
Francois Louis Francais
Francais, Francois Louis French Painter, Was Born At Plombieres (vosges). After A Few Years Of Hard Struggle, During Which He Made A Precarious Living By Drawing On Stone And Designing Woodcut Vignettes For Book Illustration, He Studied Painting Under Gigoux, And Subsequently Under Corot, Whose Influence Remained Decisive Upon Francais's ...
Francolin
Francolin, The Name For Birds Of The Genus Francolinus And Allied Genera, Related To The Partridge (q.v.). There Are Up Wards Of 5o Forms, Which Inhabit Asia And Africa. The Type Species (f. Francolinus) Is Found In Cyprus, Palestine, Asia Minor And Thence Through Persia And India. ...
Franconia
Franconia, One Of The Stem-duchies Of Mediaeval Ger Many. It Stretched Along The Valley Of The Main From The Rhine To Bohemia, And Was Bounded On The North By Saxony And Thuringia, And On The South By Suabia And Bavaria. It Also Included A District Around Mainz, Spires And Worms, ...
Franeker
Franeker, In The Province Of Friesland, Holland, 5 M. E. Of Harlingen. Pop. (193o) 8,103. It Was At One Time A Favourite Residence Of The Frisian Nobility, And It Possessed A Celebrated University, Founded By The Frisian Estates In 1585. This Was Sup Pressed By Napoleon I. In 1811, And ...
Frankenberg
Frankenberg, A Manufacturing Town Of Germany, In The Land Of Saxony, On The Zschopau, 7 M. N.e. Of Chemnitz. Pop. 14,761. Its Industries Include Extensive Woollen, Calico-printing, Cotton And Silk Weaving, Dyeing, The Manufacture Of Brushes, Furniture And Cigars, Iron-founding And Machine Building. It Has A School Of Weaving. ...
Frankenhausen
Frankenhausen, A Town Of Germany, In Thuringia, On An Artificial Arm Of The Wipper, A Tributary Of The Saale, 36 M. N.n.e. Of Gotha. Pop. (1933) 7,167. It Consists Of An Old And A New Town, The Latter Mostly Rebuilt Since A Destructive Fire In 1833, And Has An Old ...
Frankeniaceae
Frankeniaceae, In Botany, The Sea-heath Family, Comprising Four Genera And 6o Species Of Salt-loving Herbs, With Jointed Stems. There Is One British Species, Frankenia Laevis, The Sea-heath; And In North America, There Are Three Species, F. Jamesii, Found From Colorado To Texas ; And F. Grandi F Olia, The Alkali-heath, ...
Frankenstein
Frankenstein, A Town Of Germany, In The Prussian Province Of Silesia, On The Pausebach, 35 M. S. By W. Of Breslau. Pop. (1933) 10,483. It Is Still Surrounded By Its Mediaeval Walls, Has A Parish Church With A Curious Overhanging Tower, And A Monastery. The Industries Include The Manufacture Of ...
Frankenthal
Frankenthal, A Town Of Germany, In The Bavarian Palatinate, On The Isenach, Connected With The Rhine By A Canal 3 M. In Length, 6 M. N.w. From Mannheim. Pop. (1933) 26,183. Frankenthal (franconodal) Is Mentioned As A Village In The 8th Century. A House Of Augustinian Canons Established Here In ...
Frankenwald
Frankenwald, A Mountainous District Of Southern Ger Many, Connecting Geologically The Fichtelgebirge And The Thurin Gian Forest. It Is A Broad Well-wooded Plateau, About 3o M. Long Descending Gently On The North And East Sides Towards The Saale, But More Precipitously To The Bavarian Plain In The West. Its Highest ...
Frankfort
Frankfort, A City Of Indiana, U.s.a., 4om. N.w. Of Indianapolis; The County Seat Of Clinton County. It Is Served By The Chicago, Indianapolis And Louisville, The Nickel Plate And The Pennsylvania Railways And By Two Inter-urban Trolley Lines. The Population Was 11,585 In 1920 (98% Native White) And Was 12,196 ...
Frankfort_2
Frankfort, The Capital City Of Kentucky, U.s.a., And The County Seat Of Franklin County; On The Kentucky River, 52m. E. Of Louisville. It Is On Federal Highway 6o, And Is Served By The Chesapeake And Ohio, The Frankfort And Cincinnati And The Louisville And Nashville Railways. The Population Was 9,805 ...
Frankincense Or Olibanum
Frankincense Or Olibanum, A Gum-resin Obtained From Certain Species Of Trees Of The Genus Boswellia, And Natural Order Burseraceae. Sir George Birdwood Distinguishes Five Species Of Boswellia: (a) B. Thurifera, Colebr. (b. Glabra And B. Serrata, Roxb.), Indigenous To The Mountainous Tracts Of Central India And The Coromandel Coast, And ...
Franking
Franking. A Term Used For The Right Of Sending Letters Or Postal Packages Free (fr. Franc) Of Charge. The Privilege Was Claimed By The House Of Commons In 166o In "a Bill For Erecting And Establishing A Post Office," Their Demand Being That All Letters Addressed To Or Sent By ...
Franklin
Franklin, A Division Of The North-west Territories, Can Ada, Extending From The Arctic Circle To The North Pole. It Was Formed Into An Organized District By Order-in-council In Oct. And Includes Numerous Islands And Peninsulas, Such As Banks, Prince Albert, Victoria, Wollaston, King Edward And Baffin Land, Melville, Bathurst, Prince ...
Franklinite
Franklinite, A Member Of The Spinel Group Of Minerals, Consisting Of Oxides Of Iron, Manganese And Zinc In Varying Pro Portions (fe, Zn, Mn)" (fe, It Occurs As Octahedral Crystals Often With Rounded Edges, And As Granular Masses. The Colour Is Iron-black And The Lustre Metallic ; Hardness 6, Specific ...
Franklin_2
Franklin, A City Of Central Indiana, U.s.a., Tom. S. By E. Of Indianapolis; The County Seat Of Johnson County. It Is On Federal Highway 31, And Is Served By The Big Four, The Pennsyl Vania And The Interstate Public Service Company (electric) Rail Ways. The Population Was 4,909 In 1920; ...
Franklin_3
Franklin, A City Of Merrimack County, New Hampshire, At The Confluence Of The Pemigewasset And The Winnepesaukee Rivers To Form The Merrimack. It Is On Federal Highways 3 And 4, And Is Served By The Boston And Maine Railroad. The Area Is 14.4 Sq.m., And The Population In 1920 Was ...
Franklin_4
Franklin, A Town Of Norfolk County, Massachusetts, 27m. S.w. Of Boston ; Served By The New York, New Haven And Hart Ford Railroad. The Population Was 7,028 In 1930. It Has Important Manufactures Of Cotton And Woollen Goods, Carpets, Rugs, Felt, Rubber Products And Printing Presses. The Town Was Formed ...
Franklin_5
Franklin, A City Of North-western Pennsylvania, U.s.a., Tom. N. By E. Of Pittsburgh, At The Confluence Of French Creek With The Allegheny River; The County Seat Of Venango County. It Is On Federal Highway 322, And Is Served By The Erie, The New York Central And The Pennsylvania Railways And ...
Franklin_6
Franklin, A Town Of Central Tennessee, U.s.a., 20m. S. Of Nashville, On The Harpeth River; The County Seat Of Williamson County. It Is On Federal Highway 31, And Is Served By The Louis Ville And Nashville Railroad. The Population Was 3,123 In 1920; 3,377 In 193o. During The Civil War ...
Franklin_7
Franklin, A Word Derived From The Late Lat. Francus, Free, Meaning Primarily A Freeman, And More Specifically A Free Landholder Who Was Not Of Noble Birth. It Appears In England Soon After The Norman Conquest, But Is Rarely Found In Private Charters, And Never Became A Legal Term. Some Of ...