Europe After The War
Europe After The War An Account Of The Events Which Have Disturbed The Peace Of Europe Since The World War Will Be Found In The Special Articles (see Versailles, Treaty Of; Paris, Conference Of; League Of Nations; Reparations And Dawes Plan ; Locarno ; See Also ...
Europe As An Economic
Europe As An Economic Unit. The Line Of Divi Sion Between Europe And Asia Has Been Obliterated By The Soviet Government. Border Provinces Have Been Amalgamated Into New Administrative Areas Which Straddle The Ancient Frontier In Complete Disrespect For Geographical Dogmas. The Exact Population Of Europe In 1928 Is Thus ...
Europe
Europe, The Smallest (except Australia) Of Those Principal Divisions Of The Land-surface Of The Globe Which Are Usually Dis Tinguished By The Conventional Name Of Continents. ...
European Corn Borer
European Corn Borer (pyrausta Nubilalis), A Pyra Lid Moth Of The Subfamily Pyraustinae Accidentally Introduced Into The United States From Europe And Now Considered To Be A Great Potential Pest To The Principal Agricultural Crop Of The States, Namely Indian Corn (zea Mays). The Species Has A Wide Geo Graphic ...
Europium
Europium Is A Very Rare Metallic Element (symbol Eu, Atomic Number 63, Atomic Weight 152.o) Belonging To The Rare Earth Group, Discovered In 1896 By Demarcay. Previously, In 1889, Crookes Noticed A Band In The Spectrum Of Some Earths From Samarskite And To The Substance Giving This Spectrum He Provision ...
Eurymedon
Eurymedon, One Of The Athenian Generals During The Peloponnesian War. In 428 B.c. He Was Sent By The Athenians To Intercept The Peloponnesian Fleet Which Was On The Way To Attack Corcyra, But Was Anticipated By Nicostratus With A Squadron From Naupactus. In The Following Summer, In Joint Command Of ...
Eusebius Of Caesarea
Eusebius Of Caesarea (eusebius Pamphili) (c. 260 C. 34o) (bishop Of Caesarea In Palestine), Ecclesiastical Historian, Was Born Probably In Palestine And Died As Bishop Of Caesarea. In Early Youth He Became Acquainted With Pamphilus, Presbyter Of The Church Of Caesarea, And Founder Of A Theological School There (see Hist. ...
Eusebius Of Laodicea
Eusebius Of Laodicea, Was An Alexandrian By Birth, And Gained So Great A Reputation For His Self-denial And Charity That When In 262 The City Was Besieged By The Emperor Gallienus He Obtained Permission To Lead Out The Non-combatants. In Syria, He Took Part In The Controversy Against Paul Of ...
Eusebius Of Myndus
Eusebius (of Myndus), Greek Neoplatonist And Pupil Of Aedesius, Who Lived In The Time Of Julian. Criticizing The Magical And Theurgic Side Of Neoplatonism, He Devoted Himself Princi Pally To Logic. Stobaeus In The Sermones Collected A Number Of Ethical Dicta Of One Eusebius, Who May Be Identical With The ...
Eusebius Of Nicomedia
Eusebius (of Nicomedia) (d. 341?), Greek Bishop And Theologian, Was The Defender Of Arius More Avowedly Than His Namesake Of Caesarea, And From Him The Eusebian Or Middle Party Specially Derived Its Name, Giving Him In Return The Epithet Of Great. His First Bishopric Was Berytus (beirut) In Phoenicia, But ...
Eusebius
Eusebius, A Name Borne By Many Bishops And Others In The Early Church. The Most Important Are : ...
Eusebius_2
Eusebius, Bishop Of Vercelli (d. 371), A Strong Opponent Of Arianism, Was With St. Augustine, The First Western Bishop To Unite With His Clergy In Adopting A Strict Monastic Life After The Eastern Model (see Ambrose, Ep. 63 Ad V Ercellenses, S. 66) . The Legend That He Was Stoned ...
Eusebius_3
Eusebius, Bishop Of Samosata (d. 38o), Is First Mentioned Among The Homoean And Homoeusian Bishops Who In 363 Ac Cepted The Homousian Formula At The Synod Of Antioch Presided Over By Meletius, Whose Views He Seems To Have Adopted (see Meletius Of Antioch) . According To Theodoret (5, 4, 8) ...
Eusebius_4
Eusebius, Bishop Of Rome For Four Months Under The Em Peror Maxentius, In 309 Or 310. The Christians In Rome, Divided On The Question Of The Reconciliation Of Apostates, On Which Eusebius Held The Milder View, Brought Forward A Competitor, Heraclius. Both Competitors Were Expelled By The Emperor. Euse Bius ...
Eusebius_5
Eusebius (of Emesa) (d. C. 36o), A Learned Ecclesiastic Of The Greek Church, Was Born At Edessa. After Studying At Caesarea, Antioch And Alexandria He Was Offered In 339 The See Of Alexandria In Succession To The Deposed Athanasius, But He Declined. He Ac Cepted The Small Bishopric Of Emesa ...
Euskirchen
Euskirchen, A Town Of Germany, In The Prussian Rhine Province, On A Plateau Lying To The East Of The Eifel Range, At The Junction Of Railways From Cologne And Bonn And Io M. W. Of The Latter. Pop. I 5,61o. Its Industries Include Cloth, Sugar And Stocking Manufactures, Besides Breweries, ...
Eustace I
Eustace I., A Son Of Count Baldwin Ii., Held The County From 1046 Until His Death In 1049. His Son, Eustace Ii. (d. Io93), Count Of Boulogne, Was The Husband Of Goda, Daughter Of The English King Aethelred The Unready, And Aunt Of Edward The Confessor. Eustace Paid A Visit ...
Eustace Iv
Eustace Iv. (d. 1153) Became The Heir-apparent To His Father's Possessions By The Death Of An Elder Brother Before 1135. In 1137 He Did Homage For Normandy To Louis Vii. Of France, Whose Sister, Constance, He Subsequently Married. Eustace Was Knighted In I147, And In 1151 Joined Louis In An ...
Eustathius Or Eumathius
Eustathius Or Eumathius, Surnamed Macrembo Lites ("living Near The Long Bazaar"), The Last Of The Greek Ro Mance Writers, Flourished In The Second Half Of The 12th Century A.d. His Title Protonobilissimus Shows Him To Have Been A Person Of Distinction, And If He Is Also Correctly Described In The ...
Eustathius
Eustathius (d. C. Archbishop Of Thessalonica, Byzantine Scholar And Author (probably A Native Of Constanti Nople), Was Bishop Of Myra In Lycia, Before Being Transferred To Thessalonica In 1175. He Opposed The Emperor Manuel, When The Latter Desired An Alteration In The Formula Of Abjuration Necessary For Converts From Mohammedanism, ...
Eustathius_2
Eustathius, Of Antioch, Sometimes Styled "the Great" (ft. 325), Was A Native Of Side In Pamphylia. He Was Bishop Of Beroea (c. 32o), And Patriarch Of Antioch Before The Council Of Nicaea (325). In That Assembly He Ably Opposed The Arians, Though The Allocutio Ad Imperatorem With Which He Has ...
Eustyle
Eustyle, An Architectural Term For The Intercolumnation (q.v.) In Which The Distance Between The Adjacent Columns Is Two And A Half Times The Lower Diameter Of The Column. The Greek Word (e Arvx0s) Signifies Well Columned, And Is Applied Because This Intercolumnation Was Considered, In General, The Best (vitruvius, Iii., ...
Eutaw Springs Battle
Eutaw Springs (battle Or). The Last Battle Fought In The Field In The Southern States During The American Revolu Tionary War. This Action Took Place On Sept. 8, 1781, In The Vicinity Of Eutawville, A Small Village (pop. 193o, 327) In Orange Burg County, S.c., About 55m. N.n.w. Of Charleston. ...
Eutectic Mixture
Eutectic Mixture, Of Two Substances, That Mixture Which Has The Lowest Freezing Point And Is Further Distinguished By The Fact That Its Two Components Crystallize Out Simultaneously In The Proportions In Which They Were Present In The Liquid. (see Alloys ; And Chemistry : Physical: Boiling-point And Freezing-point Curves.) ...
Euthydemus
Euthydemus, A Native Of Magnesia, Who Overturned The Dynasty Of Diodotus Of Bactria, And Became King Of Bactria About 23o B.c. (polyb. Xi. 34; Strabo Xi. 515 Wrongly Makes Him The First King). In 208 He Was Attacked By Antiochus The Great, Whom He Tried In Vain To Resist On ...
Eutin
Eutin, A Town Of Germany, Belonging To Oldenburg, Situated On The Lake Eutin, 20 M. N. From Lubeck By The Railway To Kiel. Pop. 8,81o. Eutin Was, According To Tradition, Founded By Count Adolf Ii. Of Holstein. In 1155 It Fell To The Bishopric Of Lubeck, And After Many Changes ...
Eutropius
Eutropius, Roman Historian. He Held The Office Of Secre Tary (magister Memoriae) At Constantinople, Accompanied Julian On His Expedition Against The Persians (363), And Was Alive During The Reign Of Valens (364-378), To Whom He Dedicates His History. This Work (breviarium Historiae Romanae) Is A Compendium, In Ten Books, Of ...
Eutyches
Eutyches (c. 456), A Presbyter And Archimandrite At Constantinople, First Came Into Notice At The Council Of Ephesus Where, As A Zealous Adherent Of Cyril (q.v.) Of Alexan Dria, He Vehemently Opposed The Doctrine Of The Nestorians (q.v.), And Affirmed That After The Union Of The Two Natures, The Human ...
Eutychianus
Eutychianus, Pope From 275 To 283. His Original Epi Taph Was Discovered In The Catacombs (see Kraus, Roma Sotter Ranea, P. 154 Sqq.), But Nothing More Is Known Of Him. ...
Eutychides
Eutychides, Of Sicyon, Greek Sculptor Of The Latter Part Of The 4th Century B.c., Was A Pupil Of Lysippus. His Most Noted Work Was A Statue Of "fortune," Which He Made For The City Of Antioch (founded 30o B.c.). The Goddess, Who Embodied The Idea Of The City, Was Represented ...
Euyuk Or Eyuk
Euyuk Or Eyuk (the Eu Pronounced As In French), A Small Village In Asia Minor, In The Angora Vilayet, 12 M. N.n.e. Of Boghaz Keui (ptrria), Built On A Mound Which Contains Some Remarkable Ruins Of A Large Building—a Palace Or Sanctuary— Anterior To The Greek Period And Belonging To ...
Evagoras
Evagoras, Son Of Nicocles, King Of Salamis In Cyprus, B.c. He Claimed Descent From Teucer, Half-brother Of Ajax, Son Of Telamon, And His Family Had Long Been Rulers Of Salamis Until Supplanted By A Phoenician Exile. He Regained The Throne In 410. According To Isocrates, Whose Panegyric Must How Ever ...
Evagrius
Evagrius (c. 536-600), Surnamed Scholasticus, Church Historian, Was Born At Epiphania In Coele-syria. His Surname Shows Him To Have Been An Advocate, And It Is Supposed That He Practised At Antioch. He Was The Legal Adviser Of Gregory, Patri Arch Of That City, Whom He Successfully Defended At Constantinople Against ...
Evander
Evander (gr Eiiavbpos ), Represented In A Late And Arti Ficial Legend As An Arcadian Who Settled Very Early On The Palatine, At Rome, Where He Founded A Town Named Pallantion, After His Native Place. He Also Had A Son Pallas. He Instituted The Luper Calia (q.v.), In Imitation Of ...
Evangelical Alliance
Evangelical Alliance, An Association Of Individual Christians Of Different Denominations Formed In London In Aug. 1846, At A Conference Of Over Goo Clergymen And Laymen From All Parts Of The World, And Which Has Steadily Spread Throughout Prot Estant Christendom. The Idea Originated In Scotland In The Preced Ing Year, ...
Evangelical Church
Evangelical Church, A Religious Body Formerly Known As The Evangelical Association, Founded In America At The Beginning Of The 19th Century By Jacob Albright (1759-1808), A German Pennsylvanian, Born And Reared In The Lutheran Church. Converted In 1791, He Began To Preach The Gospel To His German Speaking Compatriots In ...
Evangelical Synod Of North
Evangelical Synod Of North America, A Protestant Church Dating From Oct. 1840, And Known, In Its Early Years, As The German Evangelical Church Association Of The West. It Was Formed Under The Leadership Of Missionaries From The Mission Institutes Of Basle And Barmen Who Were Engaged In Pioneer Work In ...
Evangelical Union
Evangelical Union, A Religious Denomination Which Originated In The Suspension Of The Rev. James Morison (1816 1893), Minister Of A United Secession Congregation In Kilmarnock, Scotland, For Certain Views Regarding Faith, The Work Of The Holy Spirit In Salvation, And The Extent Of The Atonement, Which Were Regarded By The ...
Evanston
Evanston, A Beautiful Residential City Of Cook County, Ill., U.s.a., On Lake Michigan, Adjoining Chicago On The North. It Is Served By The Chicago And North Western, The Chicago, Milwau Kee, St. Paul And Pacific, And The Chicago, North Shore And Mil Waukee Railways. The Population Was 37,234 In 192o, ...
Evansville
Evansville, A City Of South-western Indiana, U.s.a., On The Ohio River, 2oom. (by The River, Though Only 75m. In A Bee Line) Below Louisville; A Port Of Entry And The County Seat Of Vanderburg County. It Is On Federal Highway 41, And Is Served By River Steamers And By The ...
Evaporation
Evaporation, In The Chemical Industry, Consists In Con Verting A Liquid Into A Vapour In Order To Remove It From Solids Dissolved In It. While In Some Instances This Can Be Done In Open Kettles, It Is Customary To Use Closed Units Called Evaporators, Which May Be Single, Duplex, Triple ...
Eve
Eve Is The Name Given In The Early Yahwist Narratives Of The Creation And The Fall To The Wife Of The First Man (heb. Hawwah, Meaning Uncertain = Life, Clan, Or Snake). The Story Goes That Yahweh, Finding His Man Dissatisfied With The Merely Vegetable World In Whose Midst He ...
Evection
Evection (latin For "carrying Away"), In Astronomy, The Largest Inequality Produced By The Action Of The Sun In The Monthly Revolution Of The Moon Around The Earth. The Deviation Expressed By It Has A Maximum Amount Of About I° 15' In Either Direction. It Was Discovered By Hipparchus About 15o ...
Eveleth
Eveleth, A City Of St. Louis County, Minnesota, U.s.a., 61m. N.n.w. Of Duluth; Served By The Duluth And Iron Range And The Duluth, Missabe And Northern Railways. The Population Was 7,205 In 192o (37% Foreign-born White) And Was 7,484 In 193o By The Federal Census. It Is One Of The ...
Evemerus Euhemerus Euemerus
Euhemerus (euemerus, Evemerus) (fl. C. 300 B.c.), Greek Mythographer, Born At Messana, Sicily (others Say At Chios, Tegea Or Messene In Peloponnese), And Lived At The Court Of Cassander. He Is Chiefly Known By His Sacred History (`iepc Pack), A Philosophical Romance, Based Upon Archaic Inscrip Tions Which He Claimed ...
Everett
Everett, A City Of Middlesex County, Massachusetts, U.s.a., 3 M. N. Of Boston, Adjoining Chelsea. It Is Served By The Boston And Maine And (for Freight Only) The Boston And Albany Railways. Pop. (19 2o) 40, I 20 ; And Was 48,424 In 1 93o. It Has Important Manufactures (notably ...
Everett_2
Everett, A City Of Washington, U.s.a., 28m. N. Of Seattle, On Puget Sound, At The Mouth Of The Snohomish River; A Port Of Entry And The County Seat Of Snohomish County. It Is On Federal Highway 99, And Is Served By The Chicago, Milwaukee, And St. Paul And Pacific, The ...
Everglades
Everglades, A Great Saw-grass Morass Fringed By Broad Cypress Swamps And Savanna, And Intermingled With Pine-land, Salt Meadows And The Mangrove Thickets Of The Coast, Which Occupies The Greater Portion Of Southern Florida, U.s.a. The Everglades Extend From The Southern And South-western Sides Of Lake Okeechobee, One Of The Most ...
Evergreen
Evergreen, A General Term Applied To Plants Always In Leaf, As Contrasted With Deciduous Trees Which Are Bare For Part Of The Year (see Horticulture). In Temperate Or Colder Zones Where A Season Favourable To Vegetation Is Succeeded By An Un Favourable Or Winter Season, Leaves Of Evergreens Must Possess ...
Everlasting League
Everlasting League, A League Formed In Switzer Land On Aug. 1, 1291 Between Uri, Schwyz And Nidwalden For The Purpose Of Self-defence. After The Defeat Of Austria At The Battle Of Mortgarten Representatives Of The Victorious Confederates Met At Brunner On Dec. 9, 1315 And A Renewed Treaty Was Drawn ...
Everlasting Or Immortelle
Everlasting Or Immortelle (helichrysum Orientale), A Plant Belonging To The Division Tubuliflorae Of The Family Compositae. It Is A Native Of North Africa, Crete And The Parts Of Asia Bordering On The Mediterranean ; And It Is Cultivated In Many Parts Of Europe. In Common With Several Other Plants Of ...
Evesham
Evesham, A Market Town And Municipal Borough In The Evesham Parliamentary Division, Worcestershire, England, 107 M. N.w. Of London By G.w. And L.m.s. Railways. Pop. (1931) 8,799. On The Right (north) Bank Of The Avon, In The Rich And Beautiful Vale Of Evesham, The District, Mainly Agricultural, Is Devoted To ...
Evidence
Evidence, A Term Which May Be Defined Briefly As Denoting The Facts Presented To The Mind Of A Person For The Purpose Of Enabling Him To Decide A Disputed Question. Evidence In The Widest Sense Includes All Such Facts. In The Narrower Sense Em Ployed In English Law, However, It ...
Evil Eye
Evil Eye. The Belief That Certain Persons Can Injure And Even Kill With A Glance, Has Been And Is Still Very Widely Spread. The Power Was Often Supposed To Be Involuntary (cf. Deuteron Omy Xxviii. 54) ; And A Story Is Told Of A Slav Who, Afflicted With The Evil ...
Evolution And Mind
Evolution And Mind. In Current Usage The Word "evolution" Is Sometimes Restricted In Such Wise As To Render It Applicable Only To Plants And Animals, Sometimes So Extended As To Be Applicable Throughout Nature. Closely Connected With This Difference Of Use Is The Place Assigned To Mind In Or In ...
Evolution
Evolution, In Arithmetic Is The Operation Of Finding A Root Of A Number. The Greeks Found The Square Root Of A Number By A Method Similar To The One Given In Elementary Arithmetic And Algebra Books, And This Passed On To Or Was Independently Developed By The Hindus. The Latter ...
Evolutionary Ethics
Evolutionary Ethics. There Is No Warrant For Calling Animals Moral Agents, Though A Few Highly Endowed Types, Such As Dog And Horse, Which Have Become Man's Partners, May Have Some Glimpse Of The Practical Meaning Of Responsibility. Cases Are Known Where An Animal's Natural Reaction Is Inhibited, Apparently Because Of ...
Evora
Evora, The Capital Of An Administrative District In The Province Of Alemtejo, Portugal; 72 M. E. By S. Of Lisbon, On The Casa Branca-evora-elvas Railway. Pop. (1930) 22,061. Evora Occupies A Fertile Valley Enclosed By Low Hills. It Is Surrounded By Ramparts Flanked With Towers, And Is Further Defended By ...
Evreux
Evreux, A Town Of North-western France, Capital Of The De Partment Cf Eure, 67 M. W.n.w. Of Paris On The Ouest-etat Rail Way To Cherbourg. Pop. (1931) 15,2o5. It Stands On The Slopes Of The Valley Of The Icon. Vieil-evreux (mediolanum Aulercorum) Was The Capital Of The Gallic Tribe Of ...
Evzones
Evzones, Members Of Rifle Units In The Greek Army, Re Cruited From Mountainous Districts, And Wearing A Picturesque Dress With Wide Skirt And Tufted Shoes. Their Organization Corre Sponds To That Of A Line Infantry Regiment. There Are Three Regi Ments Of Evzones In The Greek Army. ...
Ewe
Ewe (a-wa'), A Long-headed Patrilineal People Living In Togo And The Gold Coast, Having Immigrated From The North-east. They Are Organized In Small Kingdoms, The King Is Elected From Among The Chiefs And Assisted By A Council Of Notables. They Have The Extended Family, Holding Property In Common, And Allowing ...
Ex Pansion English Speaking World
English-speaking World: Origins, Ex Pansion, Relations And Prospect. The Following Pages Divide Into Nine Sections:—i. Origins Up To I 6o6 : The Island, Its Breeds And The Language. Ii. First Expansion In The I 7th Century: Puritanism And Sea-power. Iii. 1674-1782 : Mak Ing And Breaking Of The Old Empire. ...
Examination Scores
Examination Scores The Main Aim Of An Examination Is To Place A Set Of Candidates In A Relative Order Of Merit. It Has A Prescribed Range, Between A Zero Which Marks Ability Below The Minimum Which The Exam Ination Is Designed To Test, And A Maximum Which Marks An Ability ...
Examinations In United States
Examinations In United States Examinations In The Schools And Universities Of The United States Have Developed In Much The Same Way As In European Edu Cational Systems. They Have Not Been As Numerous As In Britain, And There Are Fewer Examinations Conducted By Outside Or Extra Mural Examiners. Very Early ...
Examinations
Examinations. An "examination" Is Primarily A Test Of The "capacity" Of Individuals. The Individuals Are Generally Young People Or Children; Their "capacity" Is Their Power To Respond To A, Stimulus Provided By The Examiner. The Character Of Their Re Sponses Is Measured By The Examiner Against A Standard Of Achieve ...
Exarch
Exarch, A Title That Has Been Conferred At Different Periods On Certain Chief Officers Or Governors, Both In Secular And Ecclesi Astical Matters. Of These, The Most Important Were The Exarchs Of Ravenna (q.v.). In The Ecclesiastical Organization The Exarch Of A Diocese (the Word Being Here Used Of The ...
Excambion
Excambion, In Scots Law, The Exchange (q.v.) Of One Her Itable Subject For Another [from Lat. Canabire, Possibly From Gr. To Bend]. The Modern Scottish Excambion May Con Sist In The Exchange Of Any Heritable Subjects Whatever, E.g. A Patronage Or, What Often Occurs, A Portion Of A Glebe For ...
Excavation
Excavation. The Excavation Of Material Is Divided Into Two Categories. Wet Excavation Is Subaqueous Excavation And The Work Is Performed As Described Under Dredgers And Dredging. Dry Excavation Is Performed By Machines Which Do Not Float On Water. ...
Excellency
Excellency, A Title Or Predicate Of Honour. The Earliest Records Of Its Use Are Associated With The Frank And Lombard Kings; E.g., Anastasius Bibliothecarius (d. C. 886) In His Life Of Pope Honorius Refers To Charlemagne As "his Excellency" (ejus Excellentia) ; And During The Middle Ages It Was Freely ...
Excelsior Springs
Excelsior Springs, A City Of Clay County, Missouri, U.s.a., 25m. N.e. Of Kansas City, At An Altitude Of 939 Feet. It Is On Federal Highway 69, And Is Served By The Chicago, Milwaukee, St. Paul And Pacific And The Wabash Railways. The Population In 192o Was 4,165; It Was 4,565. ...
Excess Profits Duty Or
Excess Profits Duty Or Tax, A Tax On The Excess Of The Actual Profit Of An Accounting Period Over A Standard Of Profit. Following The Outbreak Of The World War In 1914 It Was Appar Ent, From The Movement Of The Monthly Index Numbers Of The Wholesale Prices Of Commodities, ...
Exchange Marriage
Exchange Marriage. As Workers And Potential Wives And Mothers, All Women Are Valuable To The Community Of Which They Are Members. For This Reason, Amongst Many Primi Tive Peoples A Man Can Only Get A Mate By Compensating The Group From Which He Takes Her. This Compensation Can Be In ...
Exchequer Bills
Exchequer Bills. The Exchequer Bill Was The Credit Instrument In Which The Principal Part Of The Floating Debt Of The British Government Used To Be Embodied, Till Its Place Was Taken By The Modern Treasury Bill In 1877. The Exchequer Bill Was An Obligation Of The Exchequer Issued By Direction ...
Exchequer
Exchequer. An English Name For An Accounting Depart Ment, Used Of Private As Well As Of Public Institutions, But More Commonly Of The Government Office Receiving And Having The Care Of The Public Revenues. (lat. Scaccarium, A Chess-board Or, Deriv Atively, A Counting Table And, From That, An Accounting Depart ...
Excise
Excise, A Word Derived Through The Dutch Excijs Or Accijs, From Late Latin Accensare—to Tax (cf. Census), Meaning In British Law Any Branch Of The Revenue Placed By Statute Under The Aegis Of The Commissioners Of Excise. In Modern Times, However, The Term Generally Connotes A Tax On Articles Of ...
Excitation
Excitation (see Chronaxie). Excitation Is Sometimes Used In Physics To Describe The Process Of Electrification (see Electricity) And Also The Production Of X-rays. (see X-rays, Nature Of.) The Term Is Used In Physiology In Connection With Stimulation Of Muscle And Nerve Fibre. ...
Excommunication
Excommunication Means The Judicial Exclusion Of Offenders From The Rights And Privileges Of The Religious Com Munity To Whom They Belong (lat. Ex, Out Of, Away From; Com Munis, Common). The History Of The Practice May Be Traced Through (i) Pagan Analogues, (2) Hebrew Custom, (3) Primitive Christian Practice, (4) ...
Excretion
Excretion Is The Elimination From The Body Of The Waste Products Which Would Otherwise Accumulate Within It, And, In The Case Of Many Of These Substances, Would Poison It. These Sub Stances Come From Many Sources. Some Are Formed In The Process Of Digestion, And Are Absorbed From The Alimentary ...
Executors And Administrators
Executors And Administrators, In English Law, Those Persons Upon Whom The Property Of A Deceased Person Both Real And Personal Devolves According As He Has Or Has Not Left A Will. An Executor Can Only Be Appointed By The Will Of His Testator And The Estate Of His Testator Vests ...
Exedra
Exedra, A Term Originally Describing Any Outdoor Seat Or Recess. Because Such Seats Were Usually Semicircular, In Modern Architectural Usage The Term Has Come To Signify Any Semicircular Seat Or Recess, However Large, Indoors Or Out. In The Roman Baths They Were Of Large Size And Like Apses Were Covered ...
Exequatur
Exequatur, The Letter Patent, Issued By A Foreign Office And Signed By A Sovereign, Which Guarantees To A Foreign Consul The Rights And Privileges Of His Office, And Ensures His Recognition In The State In Which He Is Appointed To Exercise Them. If A Consul Is Not Appointed By Commission ...
Exeter Book
Exeter Book (codex Exoniensis), An Anthology Of Anglo-saxon Poetry Presented To Exeter Cathedral By Leofric (bishop Of Exeter From 105o To 1071), And Still There. It Contains Legal Documents, The Poems Entitled Crist, Guthlac, The Wanderer, Etc., And 8o Or 90 Riddles. It Was First Described In Wanley's Catalogus With ...
Exeter
Exeter, A City And County Of A City, Municipal Borough, And The County Town Of Devonshire, England, 172 M. W.s.w. Of London, On The S.r. And The G.w.r. Pop. (1931) History.—exeter Was The Romano-british Country Town Of Isca Damnoniorum. Mosaic Pavements, Potsherds, Coins And Other Relics Have Been Found, And ...
Exeter_2
Exeter, A Town Of South-eastern New Hampshire, U.s.a., On The Squamscott River, 12m. S.w. Of Portsmouth; The County Seat Of Rockingham County. It Is Served By The Boston And Maine Railroad. The Population Was 4,872 In 193o. It Is The Seat Of Phil Lips Exeter Academy, One Of The Foremost ...
Exhaust
Exhaust. The Exhaust Steam From An Engine Is Disposed Of In Various Ways: (1) It Escapes Direct To The Atmosphere, Or By Way Of An Exhaust-head Which Acts As A Silencer, And Also Pre Vents Condensed Steam And Oil From Being Thrown Down On To Adjacent Buildings. In A Portable ...
Exhibition And Trade Fair
Exhibition And Trade Fair. Although The Terms "fair" And "exhibition" (or "exposition" As It Is Called In America) Are Somewhat Loosely Used, It May Be Accepted That By The Latter Is Meant The Long Period Show Accompanied By Bands, Amusement Park, Etc., While By The Former Term Is Meant The ...
Exhibition Architecture
Exhibition Architecture. An Exhibition Or Ex Position Is An Organized Display Of Works Of Industry, Science, And " Art, Usually International In Range Of Selection And Appeal. Market, Fair, Mart, Exhibition And Exposition Are Terms Used Almost Inter Changeably. A Fair Is Often A Special Market ; And A Mart ...
Exilarch
Exilarch, In Jewish History, "chief, Or Prince, Of The Captivity." The Jews Of Babylonia, After The Destruction Of The First Temple, Were Termed The People Of The "exile." Hence The Head Of The Babylonian Jews Was The Exilarch (in Aramaic Resh Galutha) . The Office Was Hereditary And Carried With ...
Exile
Exile, Banishment From One's Native Country By The Sovereign Authority. In A General Sense Exile Is Applied To Pro Longed Absence From One's Country Either Through Force Of Cir Cumstances Or When Undergone Voluntarily. Among The Greeks, In The Homeric Age, Banishment (4n, Yi) Was Sometimes Inflicted As A Punishment ...
Exili
Exili, An Italian Chemist And Poisoner In The I 7th Century. His Real Name Was Probably Nicolo Egidi Or Eggidio. Tradition Credits Him With Having Been Originally The Salaried Poisoner At Rome Of Olympia Maidalchina, The Mistress Of Pope Innocent X. Subsequently He Became A Gentleman In Waiting To Queen ...
Exmoor Forest
Exmoor Forest, A High Moorland In Somersetshire And Devonshire, England. The Uplands Of This District Are Bounded By The Alluvial Plain Of Sedgemoor (east), The Basin Of The Exe (south), That Of The Taw (west) And The Bristol Channel (north), And In This Area Is Included Also The Brendon And ...
Exmouth
Exmouth, A Market-town, Seaport And Watering-place In The Honiton Parliamentary Division Of Devonshire, England, On The East Bank At The Mouth Of The River Exe, 8 M. S.e. By S. Of Exeter And 5 M. W. Of Budleigh Salterton By Either Of Those Routes On The Southern Railway. Pop. Of ...
Exogamy
Exogamy. In Every Human Society There Are Certain Regu Lations Which Control The Relation Of The Sexes And The Selection Of A Mate. Intercourse Between Close Blood-relations As Brother And Sister, Father And Daughter, And Mother And Son, Is Almost Every Where Condemned. But Among Very Many Tribes It Is ...
Exorcism
Exorcism, The Expulsion Of Evil Spirits From Persons Or Places By Incantations, Magical Rites Or Other Means. As A Corol Lary Of The Animistic Theory Of Diseases And Of Belief In Possession (q.v.), We Find Widely Spread Customs Whose Object Is To Get Rid Of The Evil Influences. These Customs ...
Exorcist
Exorcist, In The Roman Catholic Church, The Third Grade In The Minor Orders Of The Clergy, Between Those Of Acolyte And Reader. The Office, Which Involves The Right Of Ceremonially Exorcising Devils (see Exorcism), Is Actually No More Than A Preliminary Stage Of The Priesthood. The Earliest Record Of The ...
Exotic
Exotic, Of Foreign Origin, Not Indigenous Or Native, A Term Usually Applied To Plants Introduced From Foreign Countries. Fig Uratively, "exotic" Conveys The Sense Of Something Rare, Delicate Or Extravagant. ...
Expectation Of Life
Expectation Of Life. The Term Expectation Of Life Denotes The Average Number Of Years Which The Persons Of A Specified Age, Taken One With Another, Will Live According To A Given Mortality Table. (see Life Table.) If Of Persons Aged Exactly X, Survive To Age X+i, 10)+2 To Age X+2, ...
Expeditionary Force
Expeditionary Force, A Body Of Troops Sent Over Seas From Its Home Country For Operations In Foreign Territory. The Name Was Applied During The World War To Any Important Force Sent Out To A Separate Theatre Of War Under An Independent Commander. Thus The British Expeditionary Force (b.e.f.), The First ...
Experimental Embryology
Experimental Embryology. The Study Of Gen Eral Or Comparative Embryology Reveals The Fact That During Their Normal Development, Animals Pass Through A Number Of Visibly Different Stages; Each Stage Being Characterized By The Possession Of Various Structures In A Condition More Or Less Well Formed, As Compared With Earlier And ...
Experimental Psychology
Experimental Psychology Is A Method Of Study Ing Psychological Problems And Is Not To Be Regarded As Itself Con Stituting Separate Subject-matter. It Is A Systematic Attempt To Determine The Conditions Of Animal And Human Conduct By The Arrangement And Variation Of Typical Situations In Response To Which Such Conduct ...