Brookings
Brookings, A City Near The Eastern Boundary Of South Dakota, U.s.a., Three M. E. Of The Big Sioux River; The County Seat Of Brookings County. It Is On Federal Highway 14, And Is A Division On The Chicago And North-western Railway. The Pop Ulation In 193o Was 4,376. The City ...
Brookite
Brookite, One Of The Three Modifications In Which Titanium Dioxide Occurs In Nature ; The Other Minerals With The Same Chemical Composition, But With Different Physical And Crystallo Graphic Characters, Being Rutile (q.v.) And Anatase (q.v.). The Two Latter Are Tetragonal In Crystallization Whilst Brookite Is Or Thorhombic. The Name ...
Brooklime
Brooklime, Known Botanically As Veronica Beccabunga (family Scrophulariaceae), A Succulent Herb Growing On Margins Of Brooks And Ditches In The British Isles, And A Native Of Europe, North Africa And Northwestern Asia, And Naturalized In Eastern North America. It Has Smooth Spreading Branches, Blunt Oblong Leaves And Small Blue Or ...
Brookline
Brookline, A Residential Town Of Norfolk County, Massa Chusetts, U.s.a., Almost Surrounded By Boston, And Separated From The Rest Of Norfolk County By Parts Of Suffolk And Middle Sex Counties. Within Its Limits Are The Villages Of Brookline, Cottage Farms, Longwood, Beaconsfield And Chestnut Hill. The Chestnut Hill Reservoir Is ...
Brooklyn
Brooklyn, Formerly A City Of New York State, U.s.a., But Since 1898 A Borough Of New York City (q.v.), Situated At The South-west Extremity Of Long Island. It Is Conterminous With Kings County, And Is Bounded North By The Borough Of Queens, From Which It Is Separated In Part By ...
Broom Rape
Broom-rape (orobanche), A Genus Of Brown, Leafless, Parasitic Herbs (family Orobanchaceae) Growing Attached To The Roots Of Other Plants. The Usually Stout Stem Bears Brownish Scales, And Ends In A Spike Of Yellow, Reddish-brown Or Purplish Flowers, With A Gaping Two-lipped Corolla. Seven Species Occur In The British Isles; The ...
Broom
Broom (cytisus Scoparius), A Shrub Of The Pea Family (leguminosae) Native To The Temperate Parts Of Europe And Asia, Found Widely In Great Britain, And Naturalized In North America. The Leaves Are Small And Their Function Is Shared By The Green Stems. The Bright Yel Low Flowers Scatter Their Pollen ...
Broseley
Broseley, Industrial Town, Shropshire, England, In The Municipal Borough Of Wenlock (q.v.), Standing High Above The River Severn. Pop. Of Parish (1921) 3,037. It Was Once Impor Tant For Its Collieries And Iron Furnaces, Including Those Of The Famous Wilkinson; And For Its Clay Tobacco Pipes. The Chief Industries Are ...
Brother Jonathan
Brother Jonathan, A Sobriquet Or Nickname For The United States; Similar To Uncle Sam And To John Bull For England. It Is Popularly, But Doubtfully, Derived From Jonathan Trumbull, Governor Of Connecticut During The Whole Of The Revolutionary War. He Was A Valued Friend Of Washington And His Advice Was ...
Brother
Brother, A Male Person In His Relation To The Other Children Of The Same Father And Mother. The Word Is Common To The Indo European Language, Cf. Ger. Bruder, Dan. And Swed. Broder, Lat. Frater. The Sanskrit Word Is Bhrdtdr, And The Ultimate Indo-euro Pean Root Is Generally Taken To ...
Brothers Of Common Life
Brothers Of Common Life, A Religious Community Formerly Existing In The Catholic Church. Towards The End Of His Career Gerhard Groot (q.v.) Retired To His Native Town Of De Venter, In The Diocese Of Utrecht, And With The Assistance Of His Friend Florentius Radewyn, Who Resigned For The Purpose A ...
Brougham And Vaux
Brougham And Vaux (broom Vo), Henry Peter Brougham, 1st Baron (1778-1868), Lord Chan Cellor Of England, Was Born At Edinburgh, Sept. 1o, 1778, The Eldest Son Of Henry Brougham And Eleanora, Daughter Of The Rev. James Syme. He Was Educated At Edinburgh High School And At Edinburgh University, And Was ...
Brougham
Brougham, A Four-wheeled Closed Carriage, Seating Two Or More Persons, And Drawn By A Single Horse Or Pair, Or Pro Pelled By Motor. The Modern "brougham" Has Developed And Taken Its Name From The "odd Little Kind Of Garden-chair" Described By Thomas Moore, Which The First Lord Brougham Had Made ...
Broughty Ferry
Broughty Ferry, An Ancient Site With Castle Built In 1498. Pop. Of Parish , 5,278. It Is Now Incorporated In The City Of Dundee. ...
Broumov
Broumov, A Small Town Of North-east Bohemia, Czechoslo Vakia, Situated Near The German Frontier On The Right Bank Of The Steine, Has Important Historic Associations As One Of The Two Towns Whose Protestant Churches Were Closed By The Catholic Church Authorities In 1618, From Which Resulted The Violent Expulsion Of ...
Brown Bess
Brown Bess, A Name Given In The British Army To The Flint Lock Musket With Which The Infantry Were Formerly Armed. The Term Is Applied Generally To The Weapon Of The 18th And Early 19th Centuries, And Became Obsolete On The Introduction Of The Rifle. The First Part Of The ...
Brown University
Brown University, In Providence, R.i., Is The Seventh Of The Nine Colleges Founded In America Before The American Revolution. It Was Projected By The Baptists Of Philadelphia, Who Resisted The Religious Tests Imposed By Some Of The Older Institu Tions And Selected The Colony Founded By Roger Williams As The ...
Brownhills
Brownhills, Urban District, Staffordshire, England, 6m. West Of Lichfield, On The L.m.s. Railway And Near The Essington Canal. Population (1931) 18,368. There Are Extensive Coal-mines In The District, Forming Part Of The Cannock Chase Deposit. The Town Lies On The Roman Watling Street, And Remains Of Earthworks Are Seen At ...
Brownian Movement
Brownian Movement. A Liquid At Rest, Such As Water In A Glass, Appears Homogeneous, Continuous And Motion Less Throughout. If We Put Into The Water A Denser Substance, Such As A Glass Marble, It Sinks, And We Know That Once It Reaches The Bottom It Will Not Rise Again Of ...
Brownsville
Brownsville, A City In The Southern Tip Of Texas, U.s.a., 2 50m. S.e. Of San Antonio, On The Rio Grande, About 22m. From Its Mouth, Opposite Matamoras, Mexico; A Port Of Entry And The County Seat Of Cameron County. It Is Connected By The Rio Grande Railway With Point Isabel ...
Brownwood
Brownwood, A City Of Texas, U.s.a., 14om. N.w. Of Austin; The County Seat Of Brown County. It Is Served By The 'frisco And The Santa Fe Railway Systems. The Population In 1920 (94c/0 Native White) Was 8,223; In 193o It Was 12,789 By The Federal Census. The City Has Two ...
Bruay En Artois
Bruay-en-artois, Town In Northern France, Depart Ment Of Pas-de-calais, On The Lawe, 19m. N.n.w. Of Arras By Road. Pop. (1931) 31,798. It Is One Of The Large Coal-mining Cen Tres Of The North-eastern Industrial Area Of France. There Are Also Large Breweries. Bruay Was One Of The Most Important Mining ...
Bruce
Bruce, The Name Of An Old Scottish Family Of Norman De Scent, Taken From Bruis Between Cherbourg And Vallonges. Vari Ations Of The Name Are Braose, Breaux, And Brus. The First Robert De Brus, A Follower Of William The Conqueror, Was Rewarded By The Gift Of Many Manors, Chiefly In ...
Bruchsal
Bruchsal, A Town Of Germany, In The Land Of Baden, 14m. N.e. Of Karlsruhe, And An Important Junction Where The Stuttgart Line Diverges From The Main Frankfurt-basle Railway. Pop. (1930) 16,903. Bruchsal (mentioned In 937 As Bruxolegum) Was Originally A Royal Villa Belonging To The Emperors And Ger Man Kings. ...
Brucine
Brucine, One Of The Alkaloids (q.v.) Occurring With Strych Nine (q.v.) In Various Species Of Strychnos, E.g., In S. Nux Vomica. (see Nux Vomica.) It Has A Bitter Taste And Its Physiological Action, When It Is Injected Subcutaneously In Animals, Is Similar To That Produced By Strychnine But Much Feebler; ...
Brucite
Brucite, A Mineral Consisting Of Magnesium Hydroxide, And Crystallizing In The Rhombohedral System. It Was First Described In 1814 As "native Magnesia" From New Jersey By A. Bruce, An American Mineralogist, After Whom The Species Was Named. Brucite Is Usually Found As Platy Masses, Sometimes Of Considerable Size, Which Have ...
Bruegel
Bruegel (or Brueghel), Pieter, Flemish Painter (1525?-1569), The Son Of A Peasant Of Bruegel, Near Breda, Was Taught By Koek, Whose Daughter He Married. He Spent Some Time In France And Italy, And Then Went To Antwerp, Where He Was Elected Into The Academy In 1551. He Finally Settled At ...
Bruges
Bruges (flemish Brugge, A Name Signifying The Bridge Or Place Of Bridges) Is Situated On Low-lying Ground In The North East Of The Belgian Province Of West Flanders Of Which It Is The Capital. Pop. (192 5) 52,894. It Is About 6m. From The Coast To Which It Is Connected ...
Bruhl
Bruhl, A Town In Rhenish Prussia, South Of Cologne. Pop. , 23,094. It Is A Centre For Lignite And Briquette And Sub Sidiary Industries, And Also A Resort For The People Of Cologne, With A Palace (1728) In Beautiful Grounds. ...
Brumaire
Brumaire, The Name Of The Second Month In The Repub Lican Calendar Which Was Established In France By A Decree Of The National Convention On Oct. 5 In The Year Ii. (1793), Completed With Regard To Nomenclature By Fabre D'eglantine, And Promul Gated In Its New Form On The 4th ...
Brummagem
Brummagem Is An Old Local Form Of "birmingham." The Name Was First Applied To A Counterfeit Coin Made In The City Of Birmingham, England, In The 17th Century, And Later To The Plated And Imitation Articles Made There ; Hence Cheap, Showy Or Tawdry. The Name Was Used Of The ...
Brunei
Brunei, A Protected British State In The North-west Of Borneo, Included, Northern Borneo And Southern Palawan, And Stretched Down The Coast As Far As Sambas. What Remains Of This Once Powerful Sultanate Is A Triangular-shaped Territory, The Base Of The Triangle Being Represented By 8om. Of Coastline, And The Two ...
Brunhild
Brunhild, The Name Of A Mythical Heroine Of Various Ver Sions Of The Legend Of The Nibelungs. The Name Means "the War Rior Woman In Armour," And In The Norse Versions Of The Nibelung Myth, Which Preserve More Of The Primitive Traditions Than The Nibelungenlied, Brunhild Is A Valkyrie, The ...
Brunhilda
Brunhilda (brunechildis), Queen Of Austrasia (d. 613), Was A Daughter Of Athanagild, King Of The Visigoths. In 567 She Was Asked In Marriage By Sigebert, Who Was Reigning At Metz. She Now Abjured Arianism And Was Converted To The Orthodox Faith. Chilperic, Brother Of Sigebert, And King Of The West ...
Bruno Or Brun
Bruno Or Brun (925-965), Archbishop Of Cologne, Third Son Of The German King, Henry I., The Fowler, Was Educated For The Church At Utrecht. In 94o His Brother, King Otto, Afterwards Emperor Otto The Great, Appointed Him Chancellor, And Under His Leadership The Chancery Was Reformed And Became A Training ...
Brunsbuttel
Brunsbuttel And Brunsbuttelkoog, A Sea Port Of Germany, In The Prussian Province Of Schleswig-holstein, On The Northern Bank Of The Elbe, 6om. N.w. Of Hamburg. Com Bined Population (1933) Brunsbiittel Is The Western Ter Minus Of The Kiel Canal, Which Is Closed There By Double Locks. There Is Also An ...
Brunswick Black
Brunswick Black, A Useful Black Varnish Used In Great Britain For Painting Stoves, Grates, Fenders, And All Inside Iron Work. It Possesses Excellent Anti-corrosive And Preservative Properties, And Thus Effectively Prevents The Rusting Of All Metal Surfaces On Which It Is Applied, While At The Same Time Imparting To Them ...
Brunswick
Brunswick, A Former Duchy Of Northern Germany, Pro Claimed A Republic On Nov. 8, 1918, As Freistaat Braunschweig. It Comprises Three Larger And Six Smaller Portions Of Territory. The Principal Or Northern Part, Containing The Towns Of Bruns Wick, Wolfenbiittel And Helmstedt, Is Situated Between The Prus Sian Provinces Of ...
Brunswick_2
Brunswick, A City Of Germany, Capital Of The Land And Former Duchy Of That Name (braunschweig), Situated In A Fertile And Undulating Country, On The Oker, S3m. N.w. Of Mag Deburg, On The Main Railway From Berlin. Pop. (1933) 156,840. Brunswick Is Said To Have Been Founded About 861 By ...
Brunswick_3
Brunswick, A City In South-eastern Georgia, U.s.a., On St. Simon Sound, Four M. From The Ocean ; A Port Of Entry And The County Seat Of Glynn County. It Is On Federal Highways 17, 84 And 341, And Is Served By The Atlanta, Birmingham And Coast, The Atlantic Coast Line, ...
Brunswick_4
Brunswick, A Village Of Cumberland County, Maine, U.s.a., On The Androscoggin River And The Maine Central Rail Road, Tom. N. E. Of Portland. The Population In 193o Was Abundant Water-power From The River Is Utilized By Paper, Pulp And Cotton Mills. On A 4oac. Campus At The Head Of The ...
Brusa Or Broussa
Brusa Or Broussa, The Capital Of The Brusa (khudaven Dikiar) Vilayet Of Turkey. The City Stretches Along The Lower Slopes Of The Mysian Olympus Or Kechish Dagh, Occupying A Posi Tion Above The Valley Of The Nilufer (odrysses) Not Unlike That Of Great Malvern Above The Vale Of The Severn. ...
Brusasorci
Brusasorci (domenlco Del Riccio) (c. 1516-1567), Italian Painter Of The Veronese School, Pupil Of Giovanni Francesco Caroto. He Was A Colourist, According To Berenson, "the First Purely Pictorial Artist In Italy." His Importance In Art History Is Mainly Due To His Being The Predecessor Of Paolo Veronese. There Are Pictures ...
Brush
Brush, A Tool Used For Moving, Distributing, Collecting, Or Removing Materials Of A Powdery, Granular, Or Linty Nature—either Dry, Such As Dust, Or Liquid, Or Combined With A Liquid, Or Semi Plastic, Such As Paint Or Mud, Also A Device To Transmit Electricity To Or From Moving Parts. The Derivation ...
Brussels Sprouts
Brussels Sprouts, A Variety Of Cabbage (brassica Oleracea Var. Gemmi F Era) . This Vegetable In Its Seedling Stage And Early Life Closely Resembles The Common Cabbage, But Later The Axillary Buds Along The Erect Stem, About 2 Ft. To 3 Ft. High, De Velop Into Very Small Heads Or ...
Brussels
Brussels, The Capital Of The Kingdom Of Belgium (fr. Bruxelles, Flem. Brussel) And Of The Province Of Brabant, In A Central Position About Tom. From The North Sea At Ostend. It Oc Cupies The Valley Of The Senne, A Small Tributary Of The Schelde, And The Surrounding Hills On The ...
Brute Or Brutus The
Brut, Brute Or Brutus The Trojan, A Legend Ary British Character, Who, According To Geoffrey Of Monmouth And Others, Was The Eponymous Hero Of Britain. He Was Reputed To Be Grandson Of Aeneas, And The Legend Was That He Was Banished From Italy And Made His Way To Britain, Where ...
Bruttii
Bruttii, An Ancient Tribe Of Lower Italy. This Tribe, Called Bruttii And Brittii In Latin Inscriptions, And Brettioi On Greek Coins And By Greek Authors, Occupied The Southwestern Peninsula Of Italy In Historical Times, The Ager Bruttius (wrongly Called Bruttium) Corresponding Almost Exactly To The Modern Calabria. It Was Separated ...
Brutus
Brutus (originally An Adjective Meaning "heavy," "stupid," Kindred With Gr. Cf. Eng. "brute," "brutal") , The Surname Of Several Distinguished Romans Belonging To The Junian Gens. (i) Lucius Junius Brutus, One Of The First Two Consuls, B.c. According To The Legends His Father And Elder Brother Had Been Put To ...
Bryan
Bryan, An Incorporated Village Near The North-west Corner Of Ohio, U.s.a., Served By The New York Central And The Toledo And Indiana (electric) Railways; The County Seat Of Williams County. The Population Was 4,252 In 19 20; 1930 It Was 4,689. The Agricultural Specialties Of The Region Are Grain, Sugar-beets, ...
Bryansk Briansk
Bryansk (briansk), A Town And Province In The Russian Socialist Federal Soviet Republic. (i) The Province Has An Area Of 4o,926sq.km. The Boundaries Are :—north-west, Smolensk; North-east, Kaluga; East, Orlov; South-east, Kursk; South-west, Chernigov; West, Gomel. Pop. (1926) Urban Rural 1,815,127. Sands And Tenacious Clays Predominate, With Marshy Land, And ...
Bryan_2
Bryan, A City Of Texas, U.s.a., 85m. N.e. Of Austin, Served By The Missouri Pacific And The Southern Pacific Railways, The County Seat Of Brazos County. The Population In 1920 Was 6,307, And In 1930 It Was 7,814. It Is In A Fertile Region, Producing Cotton, Corn, Peanuts, Poultry, Etc. ...
Bryaxis
Bryaxis, One Of The Four Great Sculptors Who Worked On The Mausoleum At Halicarnassus, About 35o B.c. His Work On That Monument Cannot Be Separated From That Of His Companions, But A Basis Has Been Discovered At Athens Bearing His Signature And Adorned With Figures Of Horsemen In Relief. He ...
Bryce Canyon
Bryce Canyon, A Scenic Tract Comprising About Ii Sq.m. In Garfield County, South Central Utah, U.s.a., Which In 1923 Was Set Apart As A National Monument And In 1928 It Was Created A National Park. It Contains Striking Examples Of Erosion, Especially Rock Pinnacles Of Brilliant Coloration Which Have Been ...
Bryn Mawr College
Bryn Mawr College, Situated In The Suburbs Of Philadelphia At Bryn Mawr, Pa., Was Founded In 1885 In Order To Establish And Maintain An Institution Of Advanced Learning For Women, By The Will Of Dr. Joseph W. Taylor, A Member Of The Society Of Orthodox Friends. The Government Of The ...
Brynmawr
Brynmawr, Largest Town In Breconshire, Wales. Pop Ulation (1931) 7,247. It Is Situated In The Extreme South Of The County On The Borders Of Monmouthshire And Marks The Northern Limit Of The South Wales Industrial Area. It Owes Its Origin To The Rapid Development Of The Iron Smelting Industry Early ...
Bryony
Bryony (bryonia Dioica), A Twining Plant Of The Gourd Family (cucurbitaceae), Native To Europe And Western Asia And Common In England. It Has A Large White Root, Large Palmate Leaves, Pale Yellow Flowers In Axillary Clusters And Red Berries. The Black Bryony (tamus Communis), A Climbing Plant Of The Yam ...
Bryophyta
Bryophyta, The Botanical Name Of The Second Great Sub Division Of The Vegetable Kingdom. The Plants In This Group Are All Small, Some, Indeed, So Minute That Only The Most Care Ful Observer Is Aware Of The Great Variety Of Form And Structure Shown By Them. It Is Quite Common ...
Bubastis
Bubastis, An Ancient City Of Egypt, Near The Modern Zag Azig ; The Pa-bast Of The Hieroglyphics, And The Pibeseth Of The Prophet Ezekiel. It Is Now A Heap Of Mounds Called Tell Basta, Which Were Carefully Excavated In 1886-87. The Ancient City Was Probably Built On Made Ground, Over ...
Bucaramanga
Bucaramanga, A City Of Colombia, Capital Of The De Partment Of Santander, About 185m. N.n.e. Of Bogota. Pop. In 1928, 44,083. It Is Situated On The Lebrija River, 2,85oft. Above Sea-level, In A Mountainous Country Rich In Gold, Silver And Iron Mines, And Having Superior Coffee-producing Lands In The Valleys. ...
Buccaneers
Buccaneers, The Name Given To A Group Of English, French, Dutch And Portuguese Piratical Adventurers United In Their Opposition To Spain, Who Maintained Themselves Chiefly In The Caribbean Sea During The 17th Century. They Must Not Be Confused With The Earlier Adventurers And Privateers Of Whom Sir Francis Drake Was ...
Buccari
Buccari (serbo-croatian Bakar), A Town Of Yugoslavia On A Small Bay Of The Adriatic Sea. Pop. (1931) 2,074. The Way From Zagreb To Fiume Terminates 2m. From Buccari. The Harbour, Though Sometimes Dangerous To Approach, Owing To The Dreaded Bora, Or Northeast Wind, Affords Good Anchorage To Small Vessels, But ...
Bucentaur
Bucentaur, The State Galley Of The Doges Of Venice, On Which, Every Year On Ascension Day Up To '789, They Put Into The Adriatic In Order To Perform The Ceremony Of "wedding The Sea." The Name Bucintoro Is Derived From The Ital. Buzino D' Oro, "golden Bark," And Seems To ...
Bucephalus
Bucephalus, The Favourite Thracian Horse Of Alexander The Great (gr. F3ovice4axos), Which Died In 326 B.c. In Com Memoration Alexander Built The City Of. Bucephala, Whose Site May Be Identified With A Mound Opposite The Modern Jhelum. ...
Bucer
Bucer (or Butzer), Martin (1491-1551), German Protestant Reformer, Was Born At Schlettstadt In Alsace. In 1506 He Entered The Dominican Order, And Was Sent To Study At Heidel Berg. There He Became Acquainted With The Works Of Erasmus And Luther, And Was Present At A Disputation Of The Latter On ...
Bucharest
Bucharest, The Capital Of Rumania, And Chief Town Of The Department Of Ilfov Had A Population (1930) Of 631,288, Includ Ing A Large Number Of Jews, In Whose Hands Commerce And Finance Largely Rests. With Its Outlying Parts, Bucharest Covers More Than 20 Square Miles. It Lies In A Slight ...
Buchholz
Buchholz, A Town In Saxony, 1,70oft. Above Sea, Among The Erzgebirge, 18m. S. Of Chemnitz, Near Annaberg. Pop. 9,052. The Gothic Church Of St. Catherine Has Some Paintings Of The School Of Wohlgemuth (1434-1519). Lace-making, The Chief In Dustry, Dates From 1589. Chenille, Cardboard Boxes, Etc., Are Also Made. ...
Buchu Or Buka Leaves
Buchu Or Buka Leaves, The Produce Of Several Shrub By Plants Belonging To The Genus Barosma (family Rutaceae), Natives Of The Cape Of Good Hope. The Principal Species Are B. Betulina, B. Crenulata, And B. Serratifolia. (see Camphors.) ...
Buck I
Buck. (i) The Male Of The Fallow-deer And Of Goats, Hares And Rabbits. [o.e. Buc, A He-goat.] In The 18th Century The Word Was Used Of A Spirited, Reckless Young Man Of Fashion. (2) The Bleaching Of Clothes In Lye, Also The Lye Itself, And The Clothes To Be Bleached, ...
Buckboard
Buckboard, A Horse-drawn, Four-wheel Vehicle Without Springs. Long Elastic Boards Are Fastened Securely To The Front And Rear Axles And Two Or More Seats Are Mounted Thereon. This Primitive Type Of Vehicle Was Originally Devised For Use In The Rough And Hilly Districts Of The United States. ...
Buckeburg
Buckeburg, Town, North-west Germany, Capital Of The Land Of Schaumburg-lippe, 6m. East Of Minden. Pop. (1933) 6,923. It Arose Around The Castle In The 14th Century, But Was Not Walled Until The 17th Century. A Ring Of Promenades Has Since Replaced The Walls. A Term Applied To The "business" Of ...
Buckhannon
Buckhannon, A City Near The Centre Of West Virginia, U.s.a., On The Buckhannon River, At An Elevation Of 1,400ft.; The County Seat Of Upshur County. It Is Served By The Baltimore And Ohio Railroad. The Population In 1930 Was 4,374. It Has Natural Gas And Several Manufacturing Plants, And Is ...
Buckie
Buckie, Fishing Town And Police Burgh, Banffshire, Scotland, On The Moray Firth, At The Mouth Of Buckie Burn, About 17m. W. Of Banff, With A Station On The L.n.e. Railway. Pop. (1931), 8,688. It Is The Centre Of A Fishery District And For One Of The Largest Scottish Fleets In ...
Buckingham
Buckingham, Municipal Borough And Market Town Of Buckinghamshire, England, Situated In The North-west Corner Of The County In The Open Valley Of The Upper Ouse, Which Encircles The Main Portion Of The Town On Three Sides. Pop. (1931), 3,082. Buckingham (bochingeham; Bukyngham) Was An Im Portant Stronghold In Pre-conquest Times, ...
Buckinghamshire
Buckinghamshire (abbreviated Bucks), A South Mid Land County Of England, Bounded On The North By Northampton Shire, East By Bedfordshire, Hertfordshire And Middlesex, South By Berkshire, And West By Oxfordshire. Its Area Is 743•2sq.m. The County Has Parts Of The Basins Of Ouse And Thame, And Reaches From The Chalk ...
Buckler
Buckler, A Shield With A Boss In The Centre (from Old French Bocle Or Boucle, A Boss Or A Small Round Shield) ; Now Usually, But Wrongly, Refers To The Entire Shield. ...
Buckram
Buckram, In Modern Days, A Coarse Fabric Of Linen Or Cotton Stiffened With Size Or Glue, And Used For The Stiffening Of Parts Of Clothes And In Bookbinding. Falstaff's "men In Buckram" (shakespeare, Henry Iv., Pt. I., Ii. 4) Has Become Proverbial, And The Word Is Often Used As Implying ...
Buckthorn
Buckthorn, Known Botanically As Rhamnus Catharticus (family Rhamnaceae), A Much-branched Shrub Reaching Loft. In Height, With A Blackish Bark, Spinous Branchlets, And Ovate, Sharp Ly-serrated Leaves, 1 To Tin. Long, Arranged Several Together At The Ends Of The Shoots. The Small Green Flowers Are Regular And Have The Parts In ...
Buckwheat
Buckwheat, The Fruit (so-called Seeds) Of Fagopyrum Esculentum (family Polygonaceae), An Herbaceous Plant, Native Of Central Asia, But Cultivated In Europe And North America; Also Extensively Cultivated In The Himalaya, As Well As An Allied Species F. Tataricum. The Fruit Has A Dark Brown Tough Rind Enclosing The Kernel Or ...
Bucolics
Bucolics, A Term Occasionally Used For Rural Or Pastoral Poetry. The Expression Has Been Traced Back In English To The Beginning Of The 14th Century, Being Used To Describe The "eclogues" Of Virgil. The Most Celebrated Collecton Of Bucolics In Antiquity Is That Of Theocritus, Of Which About 3o In ...
Bucyrus
Bucyrus, A City Of Ohio, U.s.a. 62m. N. Of Columbus, On The Watershed Of The State, At An Elevation Of About I,000f T. ; The County Seat Of Crawford County. It Is On The Lincoln Highway, And Is Served By The Pennsylvania And The New York Central Railroads. The Population ...
Budapest
Budapest, The Capital And Largest Town Of Hungary, Is Situated On Both Banks Of The Danube And Includes The Former Towns Of Buda And 0-buda On The Right Bank And Pest, Together With Kobanya, On The Left Bank. The Site Of The Town Is One Of Extraordinary Geographical Energy. The ...
Budaun
Budaun, A Town And District Of British India, In The Rohilk Hand Division Of The United Provinces. The Town Is Near The Left Bank Of The River Sot. Pop. (1931) 45,455. There Are Ruins Of A Powerful Fort ; And A Handsome Mosque Of Imposing Size, Crowned With A Dome, ...
Buddha
Buddha And Buddhism. Buddhism Is The Religion Of The Followers Of Gautama Buddha, Which Formerly Covered A Large Area In India, And Is Still Widely Spread In Ceylon, Burma, Siam, Cambodia, China And Japan. It Arose In The 6th Century B.c., As An Offshoot Of The Prevailing Hindu Religion Of ...
Buddhaghosa
Buddhaghosa, A Celebrated Buddhist Writer, Was A Brahman By Birth And Was Born At Budh Gaya In North India About A.d. 39o. His Teacher, Revata, Induced Him To Go To Ceylon, Where The Commentaries On The Scriptures Had Been Pre Served In The Sinhalese Language, With The Object Of Translating ...
Bude
Bude, A Small Seaport And Watering-place Of Cornwall, Eng Land, On The North Coast At The Mouth Of The River Bude. With The Market Town Of Stratton, 1 Gym. Inland To The East, It Forms The Urban District Of Stratton And Bude, With A Population (1931) Of 3,836. The Coast ...
Budejovice
Budejovice, A Town Of Bohemia, Czechoslovakia, Situated At The Confluence Of The Marge And The Vltava, Which Here Becomes Navigable. Founded In The 13th Century By Budivoj Vitkovec, It Later Became A Royal City And Figured Largely In Bohemian History During The 15th, 16th And 17th Centuries, Being Granted Many ...
Budget
Budget. A Budget Is A Balance-sheet Of Estimated Revenue And Expenditure Designed For Financing The Business Of A Future Period. In National Finance The Period Is Usually A Year, Called A Financial Year. A Shorter Period Would Not Include A Full Round Of Seasons And Harvests And Would Be Unsuitable ...
Budgets Of Other Countries
Budgets Of Other Countries France.—the Financial Year Begins On Jan. 1. The Budget Con Sists Of Several Documents: (i.) The General Budget. To This Are Appended "annexed" Bud Gets For The National Printing Office, The Gunpowder Service, The Posts, Telegraphs And Telephones, The Mint, The Railways And State Factories In ...
Budini
Budini, An Ancient Nation In The North-east Of The Scythia (q.v.) Of Herodotus (iv. 21, 108, 109), Probably On The Middle Course Of The Volga About Samara. They Are Described As Grey Eyed And Red Haired, And Lived By Hunting In Their Thick Forests. They Were Probably Finns Of The ...
Buena Vista
Buena Vista, A Battleground Of Very Rugged Terrain, Situated About 8 M. South Of Saltillo, Mexico. There On Feb. 23, 1847, Was Fought The Final Engagement Of The Northern Campaign Of The War Between Mexico And The United States (1846-48). Gen. Santa Anna, With Some 20,000 Mexicans, Moved North In ...
Buenaventura
Buenaventura, A Pacific Port Of Colombia, In The De Partment Of Valle, About 210m. W.s.w. Of Bogota. Pop. In 1928, About The Town Is Situated On Cascajal, A Small Island, At The Head Of A Broad Estuary Or Bay Projecting Inland From The Bay Of Choco And 1 Om. From ...
Buenos Aires
Buenos Aires, The Province Of Buenos Aires Is One Of The 14 States Which Together With Io Territories (gobernaciones) And The Federal District Form The Nation Argentina. It Is Bounded North By The Provinces Of Cordoba, Santa Fe And Entre Rios, The Last Named Separated By The River Parana; East ...
Buenos Aires_2
Buenos Aires, The Capital, And Chief Port Of The Repub Lic Of Argentina, Is Situated In A Federal District Of 72 Sq.m. Which Lies Along The Western Shore Of The Plata River Estuary. The City Is About 125m. From The Atlantic Ocean In 36' 21" S. And 21' 33" W. ...
Buff
Buff, A Dull Yellow Leather Originally Made From The Skin Of The Buffalo (fr. Bugle, A Buffalo), Now Also From The Skins Of Other Animals; Used For Making The Military Buff-coat Or Jerkin. The East Kent Regiment And The 2nd Battalion Seaforth High Landers Are Called The "buffs" And The ...
Buffalo Pitts Burgh Highway
Buffalo-pitts Burgh Highway, A Thor Oughfare Extending From Buffalo, New York, To Pittsburgh, Penn Sylvania, About 265m. In Length And Paved Throughout. It Passes Through The Rich Farming Country Of New York And The Moun Tainous Regions Of Pennsylvania And Takes In Collins, Salamanca, Bradford, Kane, Du Bois And Blairsville ...
Buffalo
Buffalo, A City And Port Of Entry, And The County Seat Of Erie County, New York, U.s.a., The Second City In Population In The State, At The Eastern Extremity Of Lake Erie And At The Upper End Of The Niagara River, Distant By Rail From New York City 423m., From ...
Buffalo_2
Buffalo (bubalus Buffelus), A Member Of The Ox Family (bovidae, Q.v.), Which, From Time Immemorial, Has Been A Domes Tic Animal In India, Malaya And Egypt, And Has Been Introduced Into Italy, Gascony And Hungary. The Name Has Since Been Applied To All Members Of The Genus, And, In America, ...
Buffer Action
Buffer Action. A Buffer In Chemistry Is Any Material Which Lessens The Activity Of Acid Or Alkali, Added To A Solution Containing That Material. Buffer Action May Be Described As The Resistance Offered By A Solution To Change Of Acidity Or Alkalinity Through The Addition Or Loss Of Acid Or ...
Buffer
Buffer, A Member Which Receives And Absorbs The Shock Of An Impact Gently, And Thus Protects Other Parts From Damage. A Buffer Must Contain Some Flexible Material, Such As A Steel Spring, A Rubber Block, Air-cushioning Or A Hydraulic Cylinder. Buffers Are Employed In Railway Trains To Protect The Individual ...