Conduction
Conduction: See Heat : Conduction Of Heat In Solids And In Gases And Liquids; Electricity, Conduction Of. ...
Conductivity
Conductivity, In Heat, Is The Quantity Of Heat (q.v.) Passing Per Second Through A Slab Of Unit Cross-sectional Area When The Temperature Gradient Between The Two Faces Is Unity. Electrical Conductivity Is The Current, Or The Quantity Of Electricity (q.v.) Passing Per Second, Through A Similar Slab When The Po ...
Conduit
Conduit, A Channel For The Conveyance Of Liquids. The Word Is Chiefly Applied To Artificial Channels Or Pipes Through Which Water Is Conveyed (see Aqueducts). ...
Cone
Cone, In Its Earliest Geometric Use, Denoted The Solid Space Swept Over By A Right Triangle Rotating About One Side (altitude Or Axis, A) The Other Side (base, R) Tracing Out The Circle Base Of The Cone, And The Hypotenuse (slant Height, S) Its Curved Surface, The Vertex V Of ...
Confarreatio
Confarreatio, The Ancient Patrician Form Of Marriage Among The Romans, Especially Necessary At The Nuptials Of Those Whose Children Were Intended To Be Vestal Virgins Or Flamens Of Jupiter. The Name Originated In The Bride And Bridegroom Shar Ing A Cake Of Spelt (far Or Panis Farreus), In The Presence ...
Confectionery Manufacture
Confectionery Manufacture. Confectionery Is A Term Of Wide Application, Covering All Food Preparations Of The Nature Of Sweetmeats Which Have Sugar As Their Principal Constituent. The Manufacture Of Confectionery On A Large Scale Has Grown In Half A Century From An Insignificant Trade Into An Industry Of Inter National Importance. ...
Confederate States Of America
Confederate States Of America, The Title Of The Independent Government Formed By The Seceding Southern States—alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Missis Sippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas And Vir Ginia—in The Early Part Of 1861. The Causes Leading To The Secession Had Grown Out Of Social And Economic Conditions, ...
Conference
Conference, A Bringing Together For The Purpose Of Dis Cussion, Particularly A Meeting Of Members Of One Or More Societies, Of Representatives Of Legislative Or Other Bodies, Or Of Different States (lat. Conferre). Such Are The Meetings Between Members Of The Upper And Lower Chambers Of The British Parlia Ment, ...
Confession And Avoidance
Confession And Avoidance. A Plea Is Confes Sion And Avoidance Neither Simply Admits Nor Denies Alleged Facts; It Admits That The Facts Alleged By The Opposite Party Make Out A Good Prima Facie Claim Or Defence, But It Proceeds To Destroy The Effect Of These Allegations Either By Showing Some ...
Confession
Confession. Among The Jews Confession Of The People's Sins Was And Is A Part Of The Observances Of The Day Of Atone Ment (lev. Xvi. 21). The Confession Of One's Personal Sins Was Also Enjoined And Is Practised (e.g., Ps. Xxxii. 5; Prov. Xxviii. 13). The Baptist's Converts Confessed Their ...
Confessional
Confessional. A Box, Cabinet Or Stall, In Which The Priest In Roman Catholic Churches Sits To Hear The Confessions Of Penitents. The Confessional Is Usually A Wooden Structure, With A Centre Compartment (entered Through A Door Or Curtain) In Which The Priest Sits, And On Each Side A Latticed Opening ...
Confessor
Confessor, A Word Used In The Christian Church To De Note (i) A Male Saint Who Is Not Included In Any Of The Categories Martyr, Apostle, Evangelist, (2) A Priest Empowered To Hear Con Fessions. ...
Confirmation Of Bishops
Confirmation Of Bishops. In Canon Law Confirma Tion Is The Act By Which The Election Of A New Bishop Receives The Assent Of The Proper Ecclesiastical Authority. In The Early Centuries Of The History Of The Church The Election Or Appointment Of A Suffragan Bishop Was Confirmed And Approved By ...
Confirmation
Confirmation In The Christian Sense Is One Of The Sacramental Rites By Which The Catechumen Is Admitted To Full Membership In The Church. With Rare Exceptions It Comes After Baptism, And Is Specially Connected With The Gift Of The Holy Spirit. The Word "confirm" Is Not Used In The New ...
Confiscation
Confiscation, In Roman Law The Seizure And Transfer Of Private Property To The Fiscus By The Emperor ; Hence The Appro Priation, Under Legal Authority, Of Private Property To The State. In Common Law The Term Embraces Forfeiture (q.v.) In The Case Of Goods, And Escheat (q.v.) In The Case ...
Confolens
Confolens, A Town Of South-western France, Capital Of An Arrondissement In The Department Of Charente, 44 M. N.e. Of Angouleme By Rail. Pop. (1931) 2,046. The Ancient Town, With Steep Narrow Streets Occupies A Fine Situation On The Vienne, Which Is Crossed By A I5th Century Bridge. On The Left ...
Conformal Representation
Conformal Representation. Conformal Geom Etry Had Its Origin In The Practical Problem Of So Mapping The Earth's Curved Surface Upon A Flat Leaf Of Paper That Differences Of Directions At Any Point Of The Surface Shall Be Indicated By Equal Differences Of Direction At The Corresponding Point On The Map. ...
Confucianism
Confucianism, A Misleading General Term For The Teach Ings Of The Chinese Classics Upon Cosmology, The Social Order, Government, Morals And Ethics. Confucius Is Not The Founder Of The System, But Is The Transmitter Of The Teachings Of Antiquity And The Editor Of Some Of The Classics. Mencius (372-289 B.c.) ...
Confucius
Confucius (s5o Or 551-478 B.c.), The Famous Sage Of China. He Was Born, According To The Historian Sze-ma Chien, In The Year 550 B.c.; According To Kung-yang And Kuh-liang, Two Earlier Commentators On His Annals Of Lu, In 551; But All Three Agree In The Month And Day Assigned To ...
Conge D Lire
Conge D' Lire, A Licence From The Crown In England Issued Under The Great Seal To The Dean And Chapter Of The Cathedral Church Of The Diocese, Authorizing Them To Elect A Bishop Or Arch Bishop, As The Case May Be, Upon The Vacancy Of Any Episcopal Or Archiepiscopal See ...
Congleton
Congleton, Municipal Borough, East Cheshire, England, On The L.m.s.r. 8 M. S.s.w. Of Macclesfield. Pop. (1931) 12,885. It Is In A Deep Valley, On The Banks Of The Dane, A Trib Utary Of The Weaver, With An Important "gap" Through The Pen Nines Behind. Congleton (congulton) Was Held In Domesday ...
Conglomerate
Conglomerate, In Petrology, The Term Used For A Coarsely Fragmental Rock Consisting Of Rounded Pebbles Set In A Finer Grained Matrix (from The Lat. Conglomerare, To Form Into A Ball, Glomus, Glotueris; So Also The General Term "conglomeration" For A Miscellaneous Collection Of Things Gathered Together In A Mass). If ...
Congo Free State
Congo Free State, The Name Used By British Writers For The Etat Independant Du Congo, A State Of Equatorial Africa Which Occupied Most Of The Basin Of The Congo River. In 1908 The State Was Annexed To Belgium. The Present Article Deals With The History Of The State ; For ...
Congo
Congo, Formerly Known As Zaire, The Largest Of The Rivers Of Africa And Exceeded In Size Among The Rivers In The World By The Amazon Only. The Congo Has A Length Of Fully 3,00o M. And A Drainage Area Estimated At I,425,00o Sq.m., With A Diameter Of Some 1,40o M. ...
Congregation
Congregation, An Assembly Of Persons, Especially A Body So Assembled For Religious Worship, Or Habitually Attending A Particular Church, And Hence The Basis Of The Religious System Known As Congregationalism (q.v.) (lat. Congregatio, A Gathering Together, From Cum, With, Grex, A Flock). In The English Versions Of The Bible "congregation" ...
Congregationalism
Congregationalism, The Name Given To That Type Of Church Organization In Which The Autonomy Of The Local Church, Or Body Of Persons Wont To Assemble In Christian Fellowship, Is Fundamental. Varied As Are The Forms Which This Idea Has As Sumed Under Varying Conditions Of Time And Place, It Remains ...
Congress Of Industrial Organizations
Congress Of Industrial Organizations, A Federation Of Labour Unions In The U.s.a., Was Formed As The Committee For Industrial Organization Nov. 9,1935, When John L. Lewis Of The United Mine Workers And Representatives Of Seven Other Unions Decided To Launch An Independent Drive To Unionize Unorganized Labour. The Type Of ...
Congress
Congress, In Diplomacy, A Solemn Assembly Of Sovereigns Or Their Plenipotentiaries Met Together For The Purpose Of Definitely Settling International Questions Of Common Interest. In This Sense The Word First Came Into Use In The 17th Century; An Isolated In Stance Occurs In 1636, When It Was Applied To The ...
Congruence
Congruence, A Mathematical Term Employed In Several Senses, Each Of Them Connoting Harmonious Relation, Agreement Or Correspondence. Two Geometric Figures Are Said To Be Congruent, Or To Be In The Relation Of Congruence, If It Is Possible To Superpose One Of Them On The Other So That They Shall Coincide ...
Congruous
Congruous, That Which Corresponds To Or Agrees With Anything (lat. Congruere, To Agree); The Derivation Appears In "congruence," A Condition Of Such Correspondence Or Agreement, A Term Used Particularly In Mathematics, E.g., For A Doubly Infinite System Of Lines (see Surface), And In The Theory Of Numbers, For The Relation ...
Conibos
Conibos, A Tribe Of South American Indians Belonging To The Panoan (q.v.) Linguistic Stock. The Conibos, One Of The Largest Tribes Of This Group, Live To-day On The Upper Ucayali River In The Vicinity Of Cumarea. By Tradition Their Former Home Was Further South On The Lower Urubamba. They Are ...
Conic Section
Conic Section, The Intersection Of A Plane With A Cone (q.v.) . In Greek Geometry And For Centuries After The Cone Was Regarded As A Solid; Hence Any Section Was Looked Upon As A Sur Face Bounded By A Curve. Later Geometers Feeling That Conical Properties Belong To Cones As ...
Coniine
Coniine. This Alkaloid, First Isolated By Giesecke In 1827, Occurs In Hemlock (q.v.) Along With Several Closely Related Alkaloids (see Alkaloids) And Can Be Prepared In A Crude State By The Process Described For Nicotine (q.v.); These Alkaloids Are All Highly Toxic. Coniine, C8i-1„n, Is A Colourless, Strongly Alkaline Liquid, ...
Conjeeveram
Conjeeveram, A Town Of British India, In The Chingleput District Of Madras, 45 M. W.s.w. Of Madras By The South Indian Railway. The Population (61,376 In 1921) Has Largely Increased In Recent Years. It Is Esteemed By The Hindus As One Of The Holiest Places In Southern India, Ranking Among ...
Conjunction
Conjunction, A General Term Signifying The Act Or State Of Being Joined Together. It Is Used Technically In Astronomy And Grammar. In Astronomy, Two Bodies Are Said To Be In Conjunction In Right Ascension Or Longitude When They Have The Same Right Ascension Or Longitude. The Conjunction Of Mercury Or ...
Conjuring
Conjuring, The Art, Sometimes Called White Or Natural Magic, And Long Associated With The Profession Of "magician," Consisting Of The Performance Of Tricks And Illusions, With Or Without Apparatus. Historically This Art Has Taken Many Forms, And Has Been Mixed Up With The Use Of What Now Are Regarded As ...
Connaught Tunnel
Connaught Tunnel, Piercing The Selkirk Mountains At Rogers Pass, British Columbia, Is A Double-track Railway Tun Nel 5 M. Long. It Is Cut Straight Through Mt. Macdonald At An Elevation Of 9,86o Feet. Construction Was Of The Pioneer Heading Method Which Called For The Driving Of A Separate Parallel Tunnel. ...
Connaught
Connaught (kon'acht Or Kon'awt), A North-western Prov Ince Of Ireland Having As The Greater Part Of Its Eastern Boundary The River Shannon, Over Its Middle Course. It Includes The Coun Ties Mayo, Sligo, Leitrim, Galway And Roscommon (qq.v. For Topography, Etc.). In Early Times, Connaught (connachta) Was A Firbolg Or ...
Conneaut
Conneaut (kon'awt), A City In North-east Ohio, U.s.a., In Ashtabula County; At The Mouth Of The Conneaut River, On Lake Erie. It Is On Federal Highway 20, And Is Served By The Bessemer And Lake Erie, The New York Central, And The Nickel Plate Rail Ways. The Population In 1920 ...
Connecticut River
Connecticut River, A Stream Of The New England States, U.s.a. It Rises In Connecticut Lake In Northern New Hampshire--several Branches Join In North-east Vermont, Near The Canadian Border, About 2,000ft. Above The Sea—flows South, Forming The Boundary Between Vermont And New Hampshire, Crosses Massachusetts And Connecticut, And Empties Into Long ...
Connecticut
Connecticut (ko-net'i-kilt), Called The "nutmeg State," Is One Of The 13 Original States Of The Union, And One Of The New England Group. It Is Bounded North By Massachusetts, East By Rhode Island, South By Long Island Sound, And West By New York; The South-west Corner Projects Along The Sound ...
Connective Tissues
Connective Tissues, In Anatomy, The Intercellular, Supporting Substances Found In The Tissues And Organs Of The Animal Body. They Comprise The Following Types : Areolar Tissue, Adipose Tissue, Reticular Or Lymphoid Tissue, White Fibrous Tissue, Elastic Tissue, Cartilage And Bone. They Are All Developed From The Same Layer Of Embryonic ...
Connellite
Connellite, A Rare Mineral Species, A Hydrous Copper Chloro-sulphate, Of Very Complex Composition, Crystallizing In The Hexagonal System. It Occurs As Velvety Tufts Of Delicate Acicular Crystals Of A Fine Blue Colour, And Is Associated With Other Copper Minerals Of Secondary Origin, Such As Cuprite And Malachite. ...
Connellsville
Connellsville, A City Of Fayette County, Pa., U.s.a., On The Youghiogheny River, 6om. S.s.e. Of Pittsburgh. It Is On Federal Highway 119, And Is Served By The Baltimore And Ohio, The Pennsylvania, The Pittsburgh And Lake Erie And The Western Maryland Railways. The Population In 1920 Was 13,804; 1930 It ...
Connersville
Connersville, A City Of Indiana, U.s.a., On The West Fork Of White Water River, 5om. E.s. Of Indianapolis; The County Seat Of Fayette County. It Is Served By The Baltimore And Ohio, The Big Four, And The Nickel Plate Railways, And For Freight Also By The Erie. The Population In ...
Connotation
Connotation, In Logic, A Term (largely Due To J. S. Mill) Sometimes Equivalent To Intension, Which Is Used To Describe The Sum Of The Qualities Regarded As Belonging To Any Given Thing, Or, More Usually, Class Of Things, And Suggested By The Name By Which It Is Known; Thus The ...
Conoid
Conoid, In Geometry, Any Surface Traced By A Conic Section Rotating Round Either Of Its Axes. Hence There Are More Varieties Of Conoids Than Of Conics. These Include (i) The Ellipsoid, Which May Be (a) A Prolate Spheroid, Shaped Like A Lemon, Formed When An Ellipse Rotates Round Its Major ...
Conon
Conon, Son Of Timotheus, Athenian General. After Having Held Several Commands During The Peloponnesian War (q.v.), He Was Chosen As One Of The Ten Generals Who Superseded Alcibiades In 406 B.c. He Was Defeated At Sea And Shut Up In Mytilene. The Athenian Victory At Arginusae (q.v.) Rescued Him (406), ...
Conon_2
Conon, Grammarian And Mythographer, Flourished At Rome In The Time Of Caesar And Augustus. He Was The Author Of A Collection Of Myths And Legends, Relating Chiefly To The Foundation Of Colonies. The Work, Dedicated To Archelaus Philopator, King Of Cappadocia, Contained So Narratives; An Epitome, With Brief Criticisms, Has ...
Conon_3
Conon Of Samos, Greek Astronomer And Geometer (3rd Cen Tury B.c. ), Made Astronomical Observations In Italy And Sicily, But Settled In Alexandria. He Was The Friend Of Archimedes, Who Survived Him. Conon Is Best Known In Connection With The Kome Berenikes (hair Of Berenice). Berenice, The Wife Of Ptolemy ...
Conquest
Conquest, In General, The Subjugation Of One Belligerent Force By Another; In International Law, The Subjugation Of One Independent State By Another, Which May Be Followed By The Acquisition By The Conqueror Of Territory Which Admittedly Be Longed To The Conquered. When This Occurs The Rights Of Conquest Arise. These ...
Conrad I
Conrad I. (d. 918), German King, Son Of Conrad, Count Of Lahngau. When Louis The Child Died, In 911, Conrad Was Chosen German King At Forchheim On Nov. 8, 91i, Owing To The Efforts Of Hatto I., Archbishop Of Mainz, And To The Reputation He Appears To Have Won In ...
Conrad Ii
Conrad Ii. (c. 99o—io39), Roman Emperor, Son Of Henry, Count Of Spires, And A Descendant Of Emperor Otto The Great. He Was A Member Of The Conradine House, Counts Of Franconia, And He Founded The Salian Or Franconian Imperial Dynasty. After A Contest With A Younger Member Of His Family, ...
Conrad Iii
Conrad Iii. 0093-1152), German King, Second Son Of Frederick I., Duke Of Swabia, And Agnes, Daughter Of The Emperor Henry Iv., Was The First King Of The Hohenstaufen Family. His Father Died In 05, And His Mother Married Secondly Leopold Iii., Margrave Of Austria. In Iii5 His Uncle The Emperor ...
Conrad Iv
Conrad Iv. ( ,1228--1254), German King, Son Of The Em Peror Frederick Ii. And Isabella Of Brienne, Was Born At Andria In Apulia On April 26, 1228. In 1235 He Was Made Duke Of Swabia And In 1237 Was Chosen King Of The Romans, Or German King, At Vienna, In ...
Conrad Of Marburg
Conrad Of Marburg (c. 118o-1233), German Inquis Itor, Born Probably At Marburg, And Educated At The University Of Bologna. It Is Not Certain That He Belonged To Any Order, Although He Has Been Claimed Both By The Franciscans And The Dominicans. In 1214 He Was Commissioned By Innocent Iii. To ...
Conrad Of Wurzburg
Conrad Of Wurzburg (d. 1287), The Chief German Poet Of The Second Half Of The 13th Century. By Birth Probably A Native Of Wiirzburg, He Seems To Have Spent Part Of His Life In Strasbourg And His Later Years In Basle, Where He Died On Aug. 31, 1287. Like His ...
Conrad Or Konrad
Conrad Or Konrad, A German Masculine Proper Name, Borne By Four German Kings And Emperors (m.h. Ger. Kuonrdt, "keen In Counsel"). The Last Of The Hohenstaufen, Conrad The Younger, Duke Of Swabia, Is Known By The Diminutive Form Conradin (q.v.). ...
Conrad
Conrad (d. 955), Surnamed The "red," Duke Of Lorraine, Was A Son Of A Franconian Count Named Werner. He Rendered Valuable Assistance To The German King Otto, Afterwards The Em Peror Otto The Great, And In 944 Was Made Duke Of Lorraine. In 947 He Married Otto's Daughter Liutgard (d. ...
Conradin Or Conrad The
Conradin Or Conrad The Younger 1268), King Of Jerusalem And Sicily, Son Of The German King, Conrad Iv., Was Born At Wolf Stein, Bavaria, On March 25, 1252. Although He Had Been Entrusted By His Father To The Guardianship Of The Church, Pope Innocent Iv. Sought To Bestow The Kingdom ...
Consanguinity Or Kindred
Consanguinity Or Kindred, In Law, The Connec Tion Or Relation Of Persons Descended From The Same Stock Or Com Mon Ancestor (vinculum Personarum Ab Eodem Stipite Descenden Tium). This Consanguinity Is Either Lineal Or Collateral. Lineal Consanguinity Is That Which Subsists Between Persons Of Whom One Is Descended In A ...
Conscience
Conscience, A Philosophical Term Used Both Popularly And Technically In Many Different Senses For That Mental Faculty Which Decides Between Right And Wrong. In Popular Usage "conscience" Is Generally Understood To Give Intuitively Authoritative Decisions As Regards The Moral Quality Of Single Actions; This Usage Implicitly Assumes That Every Action ...
Conscientious Objector
Conscientious Objector, One Who On Moral Or Religious Grounds Declines To Serve As A Combatant, Or Who Refuses Obedience To Military Service Acts On The Ground That The State Has No Right To Force The Individual To Perform Military Service Of Any Kind. In Great Britain The Military Service Act ...
Consciousness
Consciousness In Its Widest Sense Denotes Mental Ex Perience Of Every Kind. In This Sense Of The Term Consciousness May Be Described As The Subject Matter Of Psychology (q.v.), And Psychology Might Be Defined As The Science Of Consciousness. Very Frequently, However, The Term Is Used In The Sense Of ...
Conscription
Conscription. Compulsion As Applied To Military Recruit Ment Should Not Be Confused With Conscription, Which Entails Not Only The Natural Obligation Of Every Able-bodied Man To Defend His Hearth, Home And Country Against Foreign Aggression, But The Establishment Of A Standing Army Of Short Service Men Entirely At The Call ...
Consecration
Consecration, The Act Of Making Anything Or Anyone Sacer, I.e., Cut Off From Ordinary Use And Included Within The Sphere Of Holy Or Magico-religious Things, As A Priest, A Church, Sacramental Elements, The Apis-bull. (see Bishop, Dedication, ...
Conservative Party
Conservative Party. In Great Britain, The Name Of The Successors Of The Tories (see Whig And Tory). J. W. Croker Popularized The Term In An Article In The Quarterly Review, Jan. 1830, But The Name Had Already Been Used By Canning At A City Dinner As Early As 1824, And ...
Conservatoire
Conservatoire, A Public Institution For Instruction In Music And Declamation. The Name Conservatoire Has Come To Be Used Not Only Of The French Institutions To Which It Properly Ap Plies, But Also Of Similar Establishments In Other Countries. In The United States, However, The Anglicized Form "conservatory" Is Employed, A ...
Conservator
Conservator, A Title Given In The Middle Ages To Various Officers, Such As Those Appointed By The Council Of Wiirzburg In 1287 To Protect The Privileges Of Certain Religious Persons, The Guardians Of Academic Rights In The University Of Paris, Certain Roman Magistrates As Late As The I6th Century, Or ...
Consett
Consett, An Urban District Of Durham, England, 12 M. S.w. Of Newcastle-upon-tyne By A Branch Of The L.n.e.r. Pop. (1931) 12,25r. It Is The Centre Of A Populous Industrial District. At Shotley Bridge A Colony Of German Metal-workers, Making Swords And Knives, Was Established In The I 7th Century. Metal ...
Conshohocken
Conshohocken, A Borough Of Montgomery County, Pennsylvania, U.s.a., On The Schuylkill River, 12m. N.w. Of Phila Delphia; Served By The Pennsylvania And The Reading Railways. The Population In 192o Was 8,481 ; In 193o, 10,815 By The Federal Census. Conshohocken Has Several Rolling Mills And Iron Foundries, And Also Manufactures ...
Consideration
Consideration, In The Law Of Contract, An Act Or For Bearance, Or The Promise Thereof, Offered By One Party To An Agreement, And Accepted By The Other As An Inducement To That Other's Act Or Promise (pollock On Contract). Consideration In The Legal Sense Is Essential To The Validity Of ...
Consignment
Consignment, Generally, The Delivery Or Transmission Of Any Person Or Thing For Safe Custody, E.g., Of A Malefactor To Prison, Or Of A Horse To The Care Of A Groom. In Law, Consignment Is Used For The Sending Or Transmitting Of Goods To A Merchant Or Factor For Sale. The ...
Consistory Courts
Consistory Courts, Those Ecclesiastical Courts Wherein The Ordinary Jurisdiction Of The Bishop Is Exercised (see Consistory). They Exist In Every Diocese Of England. Consistory Courts Were Established By A Charter Of William I., Which Appointed The Cognizance Of Ecclesiastical Causes In A Distinct Place Or Court From The Temporal. The ...
Consistory
Consistory, A Term Which, Like Many Other Expressions, Has Undergone A Regular Evolution In The Course Of Centuries. It Was First Applied (from Lat. Consistorium, Literally, A Standing Place, Hence Meeting Place) To The Audience-chamber In Which The Emperors Received Petitions And Gave Judgment ; It Soon Came To Mean ...
Consolation
Consolation, In. General The Soothing Of Disappointment Or Grief. In The Sense Of Compensation F Or Loss The Word "consola Tion" Has Had A Variety Of Adaptations; Consolatio Was The Name For The Evening Meal Given To Monks After A Regular Collation "by Way Of Consolation," And To Certain Payments ...
Console
Console, In Architecture, A Corbel (q.v.) Or Built-in Bracket (q.v.) Whose Height Is Greater Than Its Projection. Decorative Consoles Were Used By The Greeks And Romans Of The Classic Period To Support The Projecting Cornice Over A Door, As In The Door Of The Erectheum (q.v.) At Athens (completed 4o8 ...
Consolidated School
Consolidated School, A Term Used In The United States To Designate A School That Has Been Formed By The Union Of Two Or More Rural Districts. Though The Name Is Sometimes Used Interchangeably With Centralized Schools, The Two Really Have Different Meanings. The Movement To Consolidate The Small School Districts ...
Consolidation Acts
Consolidation Acts. Where Opportunity Offers, The Law Expressed In Many Statutes Is Sometimes Recast In A Single Statute, Called A Consolidation Act. In Settling Private Acts, Such As Those Relating To Public Undertakings, Common Clauses Were Embodied In Separate Statutes, And Their Provisions Are Ordered To Be Incorporated In Any ...
Consolidation
Consolidation. In Military Language, The Act Of Mak Ing Secure, Against Enemy Counter-attack, Ground Or Trenches That Have Been Captured. Consolidation Is Effected In Two Ways—by The Reorganization And Suitable Distribution Of The Occupying Troops And By The Rapid Provision Or Entrenchments. For Consolidation In Industry And Commerce, See Merger. ...
Consols
Consols. An Abbreviation Of Consolidated Annuities, A Form Of British Government Stock Which Originated In 1751. Previous To The World War Consols Formed The Larger Portion Of The Funded (for The Uninitiated It May Be Explained That Funded British Debt Usually Covers That Portion Of The Debt Where Redemp Tion ...
Consort
Consort, In General, A Partner Or Associate, But More Par Ticularly A Husband Or Wife. The Word Is Also Used In Conjunction With Some Titles, As "queen Consort," "prince Consort." Under The Law Of Great Britain, The Queen Consort Is A Subject, But Has Cer Tain Privileges. By The Treason ...
Conspiracy
Conspiracy, In English Law, An Agreement Between Two Or More Persons To Do An Unlawful Act, Or To Do A Lawful Act By Unlawful Means. It Is Not Necessary That The Unlawful Act Or The Unlawful Means Should Be Criminal; They Need Be Only Wrongful, I.e., Tortious. At Common Law ...
Constable
Constable, A Title Now Confined To The Lord High Constable Of England, The Lord Constable Of Scotland, The Constables Of Some Royal Castles In England, And To Certain Executive Legal Officials Of Inferior Rank In Great Britain And The United States. The Byzantine Comes Stabuli (komc's Too Ara/3xov) Was In ...
Constance Or Konstanz
Constance Or Konstanz, A Town In The Land Of Baden, Situated On The South Or Left Bank Of The Rhine, As It Flows From The Lake Of Constance To Form The Untersee. Pop. (1933) 32.961. It Is Some 3o M. By Rail From Schaffhausen (on The West) And 22 M. ...
Constans Ii Flavius Heraclius
Constans Ii. (flavius Heraclius) Emperor Of The East From 641 To 668, Was The Son Of Constantine Iii. And Gregoria And Was Born On Nov. 7, 63o. He Succeeded, After An Interval Due To The Usurpation Of Heracleonas, In 641, With Valentine As Regent. His Reign Is Notable For Disasters ...
Constant
Constant, A Quantity Which Does Not Vary. In Mathe Matics And Physics A Quantity May Be Constant With Respect To One Variable But Not With Respect To Another. Many So-called Physical Constants Are Constant Under Certain Conditions Only; E.g., The Boiling Point Of A Pure Substance Is Constant Only If ...
Constanta
Constanta, A Seaport On The Black Sea, And Capital Of The Department Of Constanta, Rumania; 149m. East By South From Bucharest By Rail. Pop. (193o) 58,258. Constanta Was Founded As Constantiana By Constantine The Great (a.d. 33 7) In Honour Of His Sister Constantia. Tomi, Where Ovid Spent Eight Years ...
Constantia
Constantia, A District Of Cape Colony, In The Cape Pen Insula, Noted For The Excellent Quality Of Its Wines, The Best Pro Duced In South Africa. The Government Wine Farm, Groot Con Stantia, Io M. S. Of Cape Town, Contains Over 150,00o Vines. This And The Adjacent Farm Of High ...
Constantinds
Constantinds, Pope From 708 To 715, Was A Syrian By Birth. He Asserted The Supremacy Of The Papal See And At The Com Mand Of The Emperor Justinian Ii. Visited Constantinople. He Died On April 9, ...
Constantine Flavius Claudius Constantinus
Constantine (flavius Claudius Constantinus), Usurper In Britain, Gaul And Spain (a.d. 407-410) During The Reign Of Honorius, Was A Common Soldier, Invested With The Purple By His Comrades In Britain. He At Once Crossed Over To Gaul And Soon Made Himself Master Of The Country As Far As The Alps ...
Constantine I
Constantine I., Known As "the Great" (288 ?-33 7 ), Roman Emperor, Was Born On Feb. 27, Probably A.d. 288, At Naissus (the Modern Nish) In Upper Moesia (serbia). He Was The Illegitimate Son Of Constantius I. And Flavia Helena (described By St. Am Brose As An Innkeeper). While Still ...
Constantine Ii
Constantine Ii. (317-340), Son Of Constantine The Great, Roman Emperor (337-340), Was Born At Arelate (arles) In Feb Ruary 317. On March I In The Same Year He Was Created Caesar, And Was Consul In 32o, 321, 324 And 329. The Fifth Anniversary Of His Caesarship Was Celebrated By The ...
Constantine Iii
Constantine Iii., Son Of The Emperor Heraclius (d. 641) By His First Wife, Succeeded As Joint-emperor With Heracleonas, The Son Of Heraclius By His Second Wife. Court Intrigues Nearly Led To A Civil War, Which Was Prevented By The Death Of Constantine (may 641) . He Was Supposed To Have ...
Constantine Iv
Constantine Iv., Pogonatus (the "bearded"), Son Of Constans Ii., Was Emperor From 668 To 685. After His Accession He Crushed An Armenian Usurper In Sicily. For Six Years (672-77) The Arabs Under The Caliph Moawiya (see Caliphate) Besieged Constanti Nople, But Were Obliged At Last To Make Peace And Agree ...
Constantine Ix
Constantine Ix. Monomachus, Emperor 1042-54, Owed His Elevation To Zoe, The Empress Who, In Order To Secure Her Position, Married Constantine, With Whom She Shared The Throne Till Her Death In 1050. In His Old Age, Constantine, Who Had Once Been A Famous Warrior, Utterly Neglected The Defences Of The ...
Constantine Pavlovich I
Constantine Pavlovich (i 779-1831), Grand Duke And Cesarevich Of Russia, Was Born At Tsarskoye Selo On April 27, 1779, The Second Son Of The Tsar Paul And His Wife Maria Feodorovna, And Was Educated Under The Direction Of His Grandmother, Catherine Ii. The Only Person Who Really Took Him In ...
Constantine The African
Constantine The African (c. Is One Of The Few Important Medical Figures Of The Middle Ages. He Was The Initiator Of The Significant "arabist" Movement, The Process Of Translation Into Latin From Arabic. Legends Have Clustered About His Name And His Early Career Is Still Obscure. It Is Said That ...
Constantine V
Constantine V., Copronymus, Son Of Leo Iii. The Iconoclast, Was Emperor Immediately After His Accession, While He Was Fighting Against The Arabs, His Brother-in-law, An Armenian Named Artavasdus, A Supporter Of The Image-worshippers, Had Been Proclaimed Emperor, And It Was Not Till The End Of 743 That Con Stantine Re-entered ...
Constantine Vi
Constantine Vi. (1861-1930), Patriarch Of The Greek Orthodox Church, Whose Family Name Was Araboghlou, Was Born At Sigmi, Anatolia, Became Metropolitan Of Derkos, And Succeeded Gregory Vii. As Oecumenical Patriarch On Dec. 17, 1924, But Was Expelled From Constantinople On Jan. 3o, 1925, On The Ground That He Was Not ...