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Volume 7, Part 1: Damascus to Education in Animals

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Abraham Demoivre
Demoivre, Abraham (1667-1754), English Math Ematician Of French Huguenot Extraction, Was Born At Vitry, Champagne, On May 26, 1667. His Eminence As A Mathematician Secured His Admission Into The Royal Society In 1697, And Also Led To His Being Appointed By The Royal Society To Decide The Famous Contract Between ...

Abraham Van Diepenbeck
Diepenbeck, Abraham Van Flem Ish Painter, Was Born At Herzogenbusch, In 1599, And Died At Antwerp, Where He Was Buried In Dec. 1675. He Studied Painting At Antwerp As One Of Rubens' "hundred Pupils." A Solitary Cop Perplate Executed By Him In 163o Represents A Peasant Sitting Under A Tree ...

Achille Ernest Delesse
Delesse, Achille Ernest French Geologist And Mineralogist, Was Born At Metz Feb. 3, 1817, And Educated At The Ecole Polytechnique And The Ecole Des Mines. He Was Successively Professor Of Mineralogy At Besancon, Of Geology In Paris, And Of Agriculture In Paris. In 1878 He Became Inspector General Of Mines. ...

Adolphe Dechamps
Dechamps, Adolphe (1807-1875), Belgian Statesman, Born On June 17, 1807, At Melle; In 1842 Became Governor Of Luxembourg, In 1843 Minister Of Public Works, During His Office Working For The Opening Up Of Railways, And In 1845 Minister Of Foreign Affairs. His Intimate Knowledge Of Contemporary Politics Is Exhibited In ...

Adolphe Philifpe Dennery Or
Dennery Or D'ennery, Adolphe (philifpe) (1811-1899), French Dramatist And Novelist, Was Born In Paris On June I7, 181r. He Obtained His First Success In Collaboration With Charles Desnoyer In Emile, Ou Le Fils D'un Pair De France (1831), A Drama Which Was The First Of A Series Of Some 200 ...

Aelius Donatus
Donatus, Aelius, Roman Grammarian And Teacher Of Rhetoric, Flourished In The Middle Of The 4th Century A.d. He Was The Tutor Of St. Jerome. Of His Numerous Works, The Following Are Extant: The Ars Grammatica; Most Of His Commentary On Terence (a Compilation From Other Commentaries), But Prob Ably Not ...

Agostino Depretis
Depretis, Agostino (1813-1887), Italian Statesman, Was Born At Mezzana Corte, In The Province Of Stradella, On Jan. 31, 1813. He Belonged To The Giovane Italia, And Was Nearly Cap Tured By The Austrians While Smuggling Arms Into Milan. Elected Deputy In 1848 He Founded The Journal Il Diritto. In 186o ...

Ahmed Djemal Pasha
Djemal Pasha, Ahmed (1861-1922), Turkish Poli Tician, Was Born At Constantinople On May 1, 1861. He Entered The Army, And Later Became A Member Of The Committee Of Union And Progress. He Was Appointed Military Governor Of Adana (1908), Governor-general Of Baghdad (i9i I) And Commanded A Division During The ...

Alexander Sergeivich Dargomijsky
Dargomijsky, Alexander Sergeivich (1813-1869), Russian Composer, Was Born At Tula On Feb. 14, 1813, And Educated In St. Petersburg (leningrad). He Was Already Known As A Talented Musical Amateur When In 1833 He Met Glinka And Was Encouraged To Devote Himself To Composition. His Light Opera Esmeralda Was Written In ...

Alexandre Gabriel Decamps
Decamps, Alexandre Gabriel (1803-1860), French Painter, Was Born In Paris On March 3, 1803, And Died At Barbizon On Aug. 2 2, 186o. In His Youth He Travelled In The East, And Reproduced Oriental Life And Scenery With A Bold Fidelity To Nature That Made His Works The Puzzle Of ...

Alfred Amedee Dodds
Dodds, Alfred Amedee 2-1922) , French Gen Eral, Was Born At St. Louis, Senegal, On Feb. 6, 1842, Of Anglo French Origin. He Was Educated At Carcassonne And At St. Cyr, And In 1864 Joined The Marine Infantry As A Sub-lieutenant. He Served As A Company Commander In The Franco-german ...

Alfred Deakin
Deakin, Alfred (1856-1919), Australian Statesman, Was Born At Melbourne On Aug. 3, 1856. Educated At Melbourne University, He Was Called To The Victorian Bar In 1877. He Entered The Victorian Legislature In 188o, And From 1883 Onwards Held Several Important Ministerial Posts. After The Fall Of The Coalition Ministry In ...

Alfred Doblin
Doblin, Alfred (1878— ), Was Born At Stettin On Aug. Io, 1878. After Studying In Berlin And Freiburg, He Settled In Berlin As A Practising Doctor. His Principal Works Are Der Schwarze Vorhang (written 1902-03 ; Pub. 1919) ; Die Drei Sprunge Des Wang-lun (a Romance Of China, 1916) ; ...

Alfred Domett
Domett, Alfred (1811-1887), British Colonial States Man And Poet, Was Born At Camberwell Grove, Surrey, On May 20, I 81i . He Became The Intimate Friend Of Robert Browning, Of Whose Poem "waring" He Was The Subject. An Interesting Account Of The Friendship Between The Two Men Appeared In The ...

Aliphatic Diazo Compounds
Aliphatic Diazo-compounds The Esters Of The Aliphatic Amino-acids May Be Diazotized In A Manner Similar To The Primary Aromatic Amines, A Fact Discovered By T. Curtius. The First Aliphatic Diazo-compound To Be Isolated Was Diazoacetic Ester, Which Is Prepared By The Action Of Potassium Nitrite On The Ethyl Ester Of ...

Alphonse Daudet
Daudet, Alphonse (184o-1897), French Novelist, Was Born At Nimes On May 13, 184o, The Son Of A Silk Manufacturer. The Lad, Amid Much Truancy, Had But A Depressing Boyhood. In 1856 He Left Lyons, Where His Schooldays Had Been Mainly Spent, And Began Life As An Usher At Alais, In ...

Andre Derain
Derain, Andre ), French Painter, Was Born At Chatou (france), On June Io, 1880. For A Considerable Time He Shared A Studio With The Landscape Painter Vlaminck; He Then Made The Acquaintance Of Picasso, Georges Braque And The Poet Guillaume Apollinaire. It Was From This Small Group That Cubism Developed. ...

Andrea Della Robbia
Andrea Della Robbia (1435-1525), The Nephew And Pupil Of Luca Was Born Oct. 20, And Died Aug. 4, 1525. He Carried On The Production Of The Enamelled Reliefs On A Larger Scale And Also Extended Its Application To Various Architectural Uses, Such As Friezes And To The Making Of Lavabos, ...

Andrew Bruce Davidson
Davidson, Andrew Bruce Scottish Divine, Was Born In 1831 At Kirkhill, Aberdeenshire, Where His Father, Andrew Davidson, Had A Farm. During His Four Years At Aberdeen University His Mother Supplied Him Fortnightly With Pro Visions From The Farm And Sometimes Walked The Whole 20 Miles From Kirkhill, Handing The Coach ...

Animal Distribution In The
Animal Distribution In The Sea The Distribution Of Life In The Sea Is Dependent On Factors Partly Physical, Partly Chemical. Density And Viscosity Are The Primary Factors Governing The Floating Of Organisms In The Water. (see Plankton.) The Pressure Of The Water Increases With The Depth. A Column Of Sea ...

Anthony Van Diemen
Diemen, Anthony Van Dutch Admiral, Became Governor-general Of The East Indian Settlements In 1636, And Captured The Portuguese Possessions In Ceylon And Malacca. He Developed The Prosperity Both Of The Indies And Of Dutch Trade With Them, Ensuring The Dutch Monopoly, E.g., Of Pepper In Sumatra, Etc. He Greatly Extended ...

Antoine Laurent Dantan
Antoine Laurent Dantan 0798-1878), Brother Of Jean Pierre, Made Many Monuments For Churches, Public Buildings And Squares (st. Raphael In The Madeleine, Paris; St. Duquesne In Dieppe; La Place In Caen). ...

Antoine Louise Destutt De
Destutt De Tracy, Antoine Louise, Count: See Tracy, Antoine Louise Destutt, Comte De. De Tabley, John Byrne Leicester War Ren, 3rd Baron (1835-1895), English Poet, Eldest Son Of George Fleming Leicester (afterwards Warren), 2nd Baron De Tabley, Was Born On April 26, 1835, And Died At Ryde On Nov. 22, ...

Antoinette Du Ligier De
Deshoulieres, Antoinette Du Ligier De La Garde (1638-1694), French Poetess, Was Born In Paris On Jan. I, 1638. At The Age Of 13 She Married Guillaume De Boisguerin, Seigneur Deshoulieres, Who Followed The Prince Of Conde To The Wars. Madame Deshoulieres Returned For A Time To The House Of Her ...

Anton Antonio Diabelli
Diabelli, Anton Antonio Composer Of Pianoforte And Church Music, Was Born On Sept. 6, 1781, At Mattsee, Near Salzburg, Austria. He Was Educated In The Con Vent Of Raichenhaslach, It Being Intended That He Should Become A Priest. He Abandoned The Idea Of Taking Orders, However, On The Secularization Of ...

Anton Dohrn
Dohrn, Anton German Zoologist, Was Born On Dec. 29, 184o, At Stettin, The Son Of Karl Dohrn, Coleopterist, And Editor Of Linnae Entornologia (16 Vols., 1846-66). After Studying At Jena, Under Haeckel, He Devoted Himself To The Investi Gation Of Marine Animals, And In 18 7o Founded The Famous Zoological ...

Anton Ivanovich Denikin
Denikin, Anton Ivanovich ), Rus Sian General, Was Born In Humble Circumstances On Dec. 4,1872. During The Russo-japanese War He Rose From Captain To Colonel, And In The World War Became Commander-in-chief Of The South Western Front. After The Revolution He Followed Kornilov And Was Arrested And Imprisoned With Him ...

Approach Channels
Approach Channels The Accessibility Of A Port Depends Upon Several Factors, Such As The Depth Of Its Approach Channel, Which Also Determines The Depth Of The Docks Or Basins To Which It Leads, F Or It Is Useless To Give A Depth To A Dock Much In Excess Of The ...

Aricini
Aricini) . After The Destruction Of Alba Longa, This Grove Was For A Long Time The United Sanctuary Of The Latin League, Until Rome Be Came Supreme. The Festival Of The Goddess Was On The Ides (i3th) Of August, The Full Moon Of The Hot Season. She Was Worshipped With ...

Armando Diaz
Diaz, Armando (1861-1928), Italian Marshal, Was Born In Naples On Dec. 6, 1861. He Served In The Italo-turkish War, And In 1914 Was Promoted To Major-general. On Italy's Entry Into The World War He Was Director Of Military Operations, And In 1916 Became Lieutenant-general In Command Of The 49th Division. ...

Arnault Daniel
Daniel, Arnault (fl. Late 12th Century), French Troubadour, Was Born At Ribeyrac In Perigord And Became A Mem Ber Of The Court Of Richard, The Lion-hearted. He Has Become Famous Through The Praise Of Dante Who Ranks Him With The Lustful In The Seventh Circle Of Purgatory. Arnault's Amatory Poems, ...

Arnold Dolmetsch
Dolmetsch, Arnold (1858-194o), French Musician, Was Born At Le Mans In 1858. He Studied Under Vieuxtemps In Brussels And Later At The Royal College Of Music In London. His Keen Interest In Old Music And Obsolete Instruments Took The Practical Form Of Research Among The Manuscripts In The British Museum ...

Aromatic Diazonium Salts
Aromatic Diazonium Salts In Diazotizing Aniline And Other Aromatic Amines The Base Is First Converted Into Its Salt, Usually The Hydrochloride, By The Addition Of Excess Of Acid (3 Molecular Proportions Of Hydro Chloric Acid). The Solution Or Suspension Is Cooled And Aqueous Sodium Nitrite Is Added With Stirring, When ...

Arsene Darmesteter
Darmesteter, Arsene (1846-1888), Elder Brother Of James Darmesteter (see Below), Was A Distinguished Philologist And Man Of Letters. He Studied Under Gaston Paris At The Ecole Des Hautes Etudes, And Became Professor Of Old French Language And Literature At The Sorbonne. He Collaborated With Adolphe Hatzfeld In A Dictionnaire General ...

Arthur B Davies
Davies, Arthur B. (1862-1928), American Painter, Was Born At Utica, N.y., On Sept. 26,1862. He Was A Pupil Of Dwight Williams At Utica, Afterwards Studying In New York And Chicago. He Became An Adherent Of The Romantic School Of Painting And Made Notable Contributions In The Fields Of Etching And ...

Arthur Richard Dillon
Dillon, Arthur Richard French Archbishop, Was The Son Of Arthur Dillon (167o-1733), An Irish General In The French Service. He Was Born At St. Germain, Held Many Important Preferments And In 1763 Became Archbishop Of Narbonne, And In That Capacity, President Of The Estates Of Langue Doc. He Carried Out ...

Artificial Daylight
Daylight, Artificial. The Wide Use Of Artificial Light In Civilization Has Created A Demand For Lamps Which Show Coloured Objects Truthfully; I.e., Which Do Not Change Colours From Their Hues As Seen By Daylight. The Problem Is Thus One Of Producing An Artificial Light Whose Spectrum (see Light) Closely Resembles ...

Auguste Gaspard Louis Bou
Desnoyers, Auguste Gaspard Louis Bou Cher, Baron (1 7 85 7) , French Engraver, Was Born In Paris On Dec. 19, 1779. He Started His Artistic Education At The Age Of 12 Under Lethiere. After Visiting Italy He Entered The Studio Of Alexandre Tardieu In 1799, And Became One Of ...

Bartholomeu Diaz De Novaes
Diaz De Novaes, Bartholomeu (ft. 1481-1500), Portuguese Explorer, Discoverer Of The Cape Of Good Hope, Was Probably A Kinsman Of Joao Diaz, One Of The First Portuguese To Round Cape Bojador , And Of Diniz Diaz, The Discoverer Of Cape Verde • In 1478 A Bartholomeu Diaz, Probably Identical With ...

Basilius Digenes Acritas
Digenes Acritas, Basilius, Byzantine National Hero, Probably Lived In The Loth Century. He Is Named Digenes (of Double Birth) As The Son Of A Muslim Father And A Christian Mother; Acritas (dkpa, Frontier, Boundary), As One Of The Frontier Guards Of The Empire. The Original Digenes Epic Is Lost, But ...

Battle Of Delium
Delium, Battle Of, 424 B.c. This Battle, In The Pelo Ponnesian War (q.v.) Was The Outcome Of The Athenians' Attempt To Get Control Of Boeotia By A Converging Attack At Three Points, Helped By Expected Uprisings Of The Democratic Faction. But The Boeotians Were Forewarned And The Risings Forestalled. Neverthe ...

Battle Of Doiran
Doiran, Battle Of, 1917. This Abortive Offensive By The British On The Doiran Sector On April 24, 1917, And The Subse Quent Attempts Is Described Under Salonika Campaigns. The British Forces Were Here Launched Against The Most Formidable Positions With The Idea Of Easing The Way, By Attracting Enemy Reserves, ...

Battle Of The Dogger
Battle Of The Dogger Bank This Naval Action Was Fought During The World War On Jan. 24, 1915, Near The Dogger Bank In The North Sea Between British And German Battle-cruisers And Light Forces. Reports From America At This Time Had Led The Germans To Think That A Plan For ...

Berlin Disconto Gesellschaft
Disconto-gesellschaft, Berlin, Established In 1851 As A Cooperative Credit-association, Carries On Since 1856 In The Form Of A Commandit Joint Stock Company All Lines Of Commercial And Issuing Banking Business. By Its Promoting And Issue Activities Its Name Is Prominently Connected With The Home And Colonial Economic Development. Numerous Important ...

Bernat Desclot
Desclot, Bernat (f/. 2nd Half Of I3th Century), Cata Lan Historian, Is Known Through His Chronicle Of The Life Of Peter Iii. Of Aragon. It Was Printed In Barcelona 1616, At Paris In 184o In Chroniques Etrangeres Relatives Aux Expeditions Francaises Pen Dant Le Xiii, Siecle, And Edited By J. ...

Bertram Dobell
Dobell, Bertram (1842-1914), English Bookseller And Man Of Letters, The Discoverer Of The Poet Thomas Traherne, Was Born At Battle, Sussex, The Son Of A Tailor; He Died At Hamp Stead On Dec. 14, 1914. The Father Moved To London, And There Fell Ill; The Son Became An Errand-boy And ...

Bertrand Edward Daw Son
Dawson Of Penn, Bertrand Edward Daw Son, Ist. Viscount, British Physician, Studied Medicine At Univer Sity College And The London Hospital, Where In 1896 He Became An Assistant Physician, And In 1906 Physician. By His Extensive Researches On Gastric Affections He Became One Of The Authorities On This Subject. He ...

Biological Aspects Of Death
Death, Biological Aspects Of. The Life Cycle Of Individual Multicellular Organisms, Standing Relatively High In The Scale Of Organic Specialization, As For Example, A Fly, A Bird Or A Man, Is Typically Divisible Into Five Biologically Differentiated, And Usually Distinct, Phases As Follows: (a) The Formation Of The Zygote, Which ...

Bogumil Dawison
Dawison, Bogumil (1818-1872), German Actor, Was Born At Warsaw, Of Jewish Parents, And At The Age Of Went On The Stage. In 1839 He Received An Appointment To The Theatre At Lemberg In Galicia. In 1847 He Played At Hamburg With Marked Success, Was From 1849 To 1854 A Member ...

Bonaventure Des Periers
Des Periers, Bonaventure (c. 1500-1544), French Author, Was Born Of A Noble Family At Arnay-le-duc In Burgundy At The End Of The 15th Century. In 1533 Or 1534 Des Periers Visited Lyons, Then The Most Enlightened Town Of France, And A Refuge For Many Liberal Scholars. He Gave Some Assistance ...

Bonization
Bonization.) Finally, There Is Sublimation, In Which A Solid Distils To Give A Solid Without The Intervention Of A Liquid Phase. Historical Note.—distillation Appears To Have Been Used By The Earliest Experimentalists. Aristotle (384-322 B.c.) Mentions That Pure Water Is Made By The Evaporation Of Sea-water. Pliny The Elder (a.d. ...

Building
Building.) Depth Of Water.—the Deepening And Widening Of The Suez Canal In Recent Years Has Enabled Ships Of The Largest Class To Trade With Eastern Ports. The Canal Has Now (1928) Been Deep Ened Throughout To 391f T., And It Is Practicable For Ships Drawing 33ft. To Pass Through It. ...

Caissons Dock Gates
Dock Gates, Caissons, Etc. ...

Canals And Canalized Rivers
Canals And Canalized Rivers.) The New Entrance Lock At Ymuiden, Begun In 1921, Is The Largest In The World (see Table I). It Is A Remarkable Structure Of Re Inforced Concrete Resting On Piles Of The Same Material. The Lock Has A Floor Of Reinforced Concrete Under And Near The ...

Carlo Giovanni Maria Denina
Denina, Carlo Giovanni Maria Italian Historian, Was Born At Revello, Piedmont, In 1731, And Was Educated At Saluzzo And Turin. He Was Professor Of Human Ity And Rhetoric In The College Of Turin. His Most Important Work Is Deile Revoluzioni D'italia (1769-72). In 1782, At Frederick The Great's Invitation, He ...

Carlo Or Carlino Dolci
Dolci, Carlo Or Carlino (1616-1686), Italian Painter, Was Born In Florence On May 25, 1616, And Died There On Jan. 17, 1686. He Was A Disciple Of Jacopo Vignali; And When Only Ii Years Of Age He Attempted A Whole Figure Of St. John, And A Head Of The Infant ...

Charles Alexander Force Deems
Deems, Charles (alexander) Force (1820- 1893), American Clergyman, Was Born In Baltimore (md.) On Dec. 4, 182o. He Graduated At Dickinson College In 1839, And In 1841 Became Agent For The American Bible Society In North Carolina. He Taught At The University Of North Carolina And At Randolph-macon College, Was ...

Charles Anderson Dana
Dana, Charles Anderson (1819-1897), American Journalist, Was Born In Hinsdale, N.h., On Aug. 8, 1819. In 1839 He Entered Harvard, But The Impairment Of His Eyesight In 1841 Forced Him To Leave College. From Sept. 1841 Until March 1846 He Lived At Brook Farm (q.v.), Where He Was Made One ...

Charles Benedict Davenport
Davenport, Charles Benedict ), American Zoologist, Was Born At Stamford, Conn., On June 1, 1866. He Graduated In 1886 At Brooklyn Polytechnic Institute And, In 1889, At Harvard, From Which In 1892 He Received The Degree Of Doctor Of Philosophy. After Serving As Assistant And Instructor In Zoology At Harvard ...

Charles Daubigny
Daubigny, Charles Francois (1817-1878), French Landscape Painter, Allied In Several Ways With The Barbizon School, Was Born In Paris, On Feb. 15, 1817, But Spent Much Time As A Child At Valmondois, A Village On The Oise To The North-west Of Paris. Daubigny Was The Son Of An Artist, And ...

Charles Davenant
Davenant, Charles (1656-1714), English Econo Mist, Eldest Son Of Sir William Davenant, The Poet, Was Born In London, And Educated At Cheam Grammar School And Balliol College, Oxford. He Was Member Of Parliament Successively For St. Ives, Cornwall, And For Great Bedwyn. He Held The Post Of Commissioner Of Excise ...

Charles Devens
Devens, Charles (182o-1891), American Lawyer And Jurist, Was Born In Charlestown, Mass., April 4, 182o. He Graduated At Harvard College In 1838, And At The Harvard Law School In 184o, And Was Admitted To The Bar. Throughout The Civil War He Served In The Federal Army, Becoming Colonel Of Volun ...

Charles Dibdin
Dibdin, Charles (1745-1814), British Musician, Dram Atist, Novelist, Actor And Songwriter, The Son Of A Parish Clerk, Was Born In Southampton On Or Before March 4, 1745, And Was Chorister At Winchester From 1756 To 1759. At The Age Of 15, He Was Engaged To Sing At Covent Garden. His ...

Charles Gates Dawes
Dawes, Charles Gates ), American Statesman And Financier, Was Born In Marietta, O., On Aug. 27, 1865, The Son Of Gen. Rufus R. Dawes. He Was Educated In His Home Town, Graduating At Marietta College In 1884 At The Early Age Of 19. He Then Attended The Cincinnati Law School ...

Charles Giles Daubeny
Daubeny, Charles Giles English Scientist Born At Stratton, Gloucestershire, On Feb. 11, Studied Medicine. He Was Professor Of Chemistry (1822-55), And Of Botany (1834-67) At Oxford, And Carried Out Numerous Experi Ments On The Effect Of Changes In Soil, Light, Etc., On Plants. He Also Made An Extensive Survey Of ...

Charles Harold Davis
Davis, Charles Harold American Landscape Painter, Was Born At East Cambridge (mass.), Feb. 2, 1857. A Pupil Of The Schools Of The Boston Museum Of Fine Arts, He Was Sent To Paris In 1880. Having Studied At The Academy Julian Under Lefebvre And Boulanger, He Went To Barbizon And Painted ...

Charles John Darling
Darling, Charles John, Ist Baron English Judge, Was Born On Dec. 6, 1849. At The Age Of 24 He Was Called To The Bar; In 1885 He Became A Q.c., And Soon Afterwards Entered Parliament As Conservative Member For Deptford. He Sat In The House Of Commons From 1888 Until ...

Charles John Huffam Dickens
Dickens, Charles John Huffam The Most Popular And Perhaps The Greatest Of English Novelists, Was Born On Feb. 7, 1812 In Landport, A Division Of Portsea; In A House In Mile End Terrace, Commercial Road. The House Can Be Identified And Is In Some Sense A Popular Shrine Or Memorial, ...

Charles Joseph Doherty
Doherty, Charles Joseph Cana Dian Politician, Was Born At Montreal On May 11, And Edu Cated At Mcgill University. Called To The Quebec Bar In 1877, He Became A Q.c. In 1887 And Was A Puisne Judge Of The Superior Court Of Quebec From 1891 To 1 Go6. He Was ...

Charles Mathieu Isidore Decaen
Decaen, Charles Mathieu Isidore, Count (1769-1832), French Soldier, Was Born At Caen On April 13, '769. He Made His Name During The Wars Of The French Revolution Under Kleber, Marceau And Jourdan, In The Rhenish Campaigns. In 1799 He Became General Of Division, And Fought At Hohenlinden (dec. 1800). Selected ...

Charles Robert Darwin
Darwin, Charles Robert English Naturalist, Author Of The Origin Of Species, Was Born At Shrews Bury On Feb. 12, 1809, The Grandson Of Dr. Erasmus Darwin (q.v.). His Mother, A Daughter Of Josiah Wedgwood (1730– '795), Died In 1817. Charles's Elder Brother, Erasmus Alvey (1804-81), Was Interested In Literature And ...

Charles Wentworth Dilke
Dilke, Charles Wentworth An English Critic And Antiquarian, Was Born On Dec. 8, 1789. After Studying At Cambridge, He Entered The Navy Pay Office. From 1814 To 1816 He Edited Old English Plays (6 Vols.), From 183o To 1846 The Athenaeum, And From 1846 To 1849 Was Manager Of The ...

Chauncey Mitchell Depew
Depew, Chauncey Mitchell American Lawyer And Politician, Was Born In Peekskill, N.y., On April 23, 1834, Of A Huguenot Family (originally Du Puis Or De Puy). He Graduated At Yale In 1856, Entered Politics As A Repub Lican—his Father Had Been A Democrat—was Admitted To The Bar In 1858, Was ...

Chitta Ranjan Das
Das, Chitta Ranjan (187o-1925), Indian Politician And Leader Of The Swaraj Party In Bengal, Was Born At Calcutta On Nov. 5, 1870. His Father, Bhuban Mohan Das, An Attorney Of The Calcutta High Court, Joined The Brahmo Samaj, And Edited The Brahmo (afterwards The Bengal) Public Opinion. Chitta Ranjan Was ...

Christian Friedrich August Dillmann
Dillmann, Christian Friedrich August (1823-1894), German Orientalist And Biblical Scholar, Was Born At Illingen On April 25, 1823. In 1853 He Became Professor Extra Ordinarius (at Tubingen), And Subsequently Professor Of Philos Ophy At Kiel (1854), Of Theology At Giessen (1864) And Berlin (1869). He Died On July 4, 1894. ...

Christian Wilhelm Ernst I
Dietrich, Christian Wilhelm Ernst (i; I 2— ' 7 74 ) , German Painter And Engraver, Was Born At Weimar On Oct. 31,1712, And Died At Dresden On April 24, 1774. He Was Taught By His Father, Johann George, Painter Of Miniatures To The Court And Was Then Sent To ...

Christoph Albert Dies
Dies, Christoph Albert German Painter, Was Born At Hanover, And Learned The Rudiments Of Art In His Native Place. For One Year He Studied In The Academy Of Dusseldorf, And Then He Started, At The Age Of 20, With 3o Ducats In His Pocket, For Rome. There He Lived A ...

Civil War Career
Civil War Career Designated Commander Of His Own State's Troops, Davis Hoped For A Military Career In Case Of War. Instead, To His Surprise And Regret, He Was Unanimously Chosen By Congress Provisional Presi Dent Of The Confederate States Feb. 9, 1861. He Was Inaugurated At Montgomery, Ala., On Feb. ...

Clarence Seward Darrow
Darrow, Clarence Seward Ameri Can Lawyer, Was Born At Kinsman, O., April 15, 1857. He Re Ceived A Public School Education And Was Called To The Bar In Afterwards Practising In Chicago. He Appeared As Counsel In A Large Number Of Important Cases, Many Of Which Attracted Wide Attention, And ...

Claude Achille Debussy
Debussy, Claude Achille French Composer, Was Born At St. Germain-en-laye On Aug. 22, 1862, And Died In Paris On March 26, 1918. His Musical Training He Received At The Paris Conservatoire Under Marmontel, Lavignac, Massenet And Guiraud. There, Between 1874 And 1884, He Gained Many Prizes For Solf Ege, Pianoforte ...

Clement Philibert Leo Delibes
Delibes, Clement Philibert Leo French Composer, Was Born At Saint Germain Du Val On Feb. 21, 1836. He Studied At The Paris Conservatoire, And Became Ac Companist At The Theatre Lyrique. His First Essay In Dramatic Composition Was His Deux Sous De Charbon (1853), And During Several Years He Produced ...

Cleophas Dareste De La
Dareste De La Chavanne, Cleophas 1882), French Historian, Was Born In Paris. Educated At The Ecole Des Chartes, He Became Professor In The Faculty Of Letters At Grenoble In 1844, And In 1849 At Lyons, Where He Remained Nearly 3o Years. His Works Comprise: Histoire De L'administration En France Depuis ...

Co Operation Trade Unions
Trade Unions, Co-operation, Copartnership, Profit-sharing And Employee Stock Ownership; The Actual Distribution Of Wealth And The National Product Under Wealth And Income, ...

Composition Of Common Foodstuffs
Composition Of Common Foodstuffs The Composition Of The Common Foodstuffs Must Now Be Sur Veyed. Table Of Composition And Calorie Value Of More Important Foodstuffs Adopted By The Inter-allied Scientific Food Commission. (the Carbohydrate Content Is Not Quoted But Is Taken Into Account In Calculating The Energy Values.) The Percentage ...

Cushman Kellogg Davis
Davis, Cushman Kellogg American Political Leader And Lawyer, Was Born In Henderson, N.y., On June 16, 1838. He Was Taken By His Parents To Wisconsin Territory In The Year Of His Birth, And Was Educated At Carroll College, Wau Kesha, Wis., And At The University Of Michigan, Where He Grad ...

Damascus
Damascus, The Name Of A Sanjak And Town Of Syria, 57 M. From Beirut And Situated In 33° 3o' N. And 36° 18' E. Its Origin Is Unknown, And The Belief That It Is The Oldest City In The World Still Inhabited Has Much To Recommend It. It Is Tioned ...

Damask Steel Or Damascus
Damask Steel Or Damascus Steel, A Steel With A Peculiar Watered Or Streaked Appearance, As Seen In The Blades Of Fine Swords And Other Weapons Of Oriental Manufacture. One Way Of Producing This Appearance Is To Twist Together Strips Of Iron And Steel Of Different Quality And Then Weld Them ...

Damask
Damask, The Technical Term Applied To Certain Distinct Types Of Fabric. The Term Owes Its Origin To The Ornamental Silk Fabrics Of Damascus, Fabrics Which Were Elaborately Woven In Colours, Sometimes With The Addition Of Gold And Other Metallic Threads. At The Present Day It Denotes A Linen Texture Richly ...

Damasus I
Damasus I., Saint, Was Pope From 366 To 384. As A Deacon He Protested Against The Banishment Of Pope Liberius (355), But When The Emperor Constantius Sent To Rome The Anti-pope Felix Ii., Damasus, With The Other Clergy, Rallied To . His Cause. When Liberius Returned From Exile And Felix ...

Damasus Ii
Damasus Ii., Pope From July 17 To Aug. 9, 1048, Was The Ephemeral Successor Of Clement Ii. His Original Name Was Poppo, And He Was Bishop Of Brixen When The Emperor Henry Iii. Raised Him To The Papacy. ...

Dambrowa
Dambrowa, A Polish Town In The Province Of Kielce And Centre Of The Coal Basin Bearing Its Name And Which Combines With The Basins Of Cracow And Polish Silesia To Form One Of The Great Est Coalfields Of Europe. Pop. (1931) 36,987, An Increase Of 6,116 On That Of 1921. ...

Dame
Dame, Properly A Name Of Respect Or A Title Equivalent To "lady," Now Surviving In English As The Legal Designation Of The Wife Or Widow Of A Baronet Or Knight, Or Of A Dame Of The Order Of The British Empire ; It Is Prefixed To The Christian Name And ...

Dames Violet
Dame's Violet, The English Name For Hesperis Rna Tronalis, A Herbaceous Plant Belonging To The Family Cruciferae, And Closely Allied To The Wallflower And Stock. It Has An Erect, Stout, Leafy Stem, 2 To 3 Ft. High, With Irregularly Toothed, Short-stalked Leaves And White Or Lilac Flowers, A In. Across, ...

Damghan
Damghan, Town, Persia, In 36° Io' N., 54° 20' E., 216 M. From Tehran, On The High Road To Khurasan; Elevation 3,737 Feet. Pop. Io,000. Damghan Was An Important City In The Middle Ages, But There Are Few Remains Of That Period. The Remains Of Hecatompylos Extend From Frat, 16 ...

Damietta
Damietta, A Town Of Lower Egypt, On The Eastern (dam Ietta Or Phatnitic) Branch Of The Nile, A Few Miles Above Its Mouth And 125m. N.n.e. Of Cairo By Rail. Pop. The Town Is Built On The East Bank Of The River Between It And Lake Menzala. Though Ill-built And ...

Dammar Or Dammer
Dammar Or Dammer, A Resin, Or Rather Series Of Resins, Obtained From Various Coniferous Trees Of The Genus Agathis (dam Mara). East Indian Dammar Or Cat's Eye Resin Is The Produce Of Agathis Dammara, Which Grows In Java, Sumatra, Borneo And Other Eastern Islands And Sometimes Attains A Height Of ...

Dammartin
Dammartin, A Small Town Of France, In The Department Of Seine Et Marne, 22 M. N.e. Of Paris. Situated On A Hill Form Ing Part Of The Plateau Of La Goele, It Is Known As Dammartin-en Gale To Distinguish It From Dammartin-sous-tigeaux, A Small , Commune In The Same Department. ...

Damme
Damme, A Decayed City Of Belgium (pop. ,ioo), 41- M. N.e. Of Bruges, Once So Important As A Commercial Port That It Had Its Own Maritime Law, Known As Droit Maritime De Damme. It Is On The Canal From Bruges To Sluys (ecluse), But In The Middle Ages A Navigable ...

Damocles
Damocles, One Of The Courtiers Of The Elder Dionysius Of Syracuse. When He Spoke In Extravagant Terms Of The Happiness Of His Sovereign, Dionysius Is Said To Have Invited Him To A Sumptuous Banquet, At Which He Found Himself Seated Under A Naked Sword Suspended By A Single Hair (cicero ...

Damoh
Damoh, A Town And District Of British India, In The Jub Bulpore Division Of The Central Provinces. The Town Of Damoh Is Situated On The Railway From Katni To Bina, A Branch Of The G.i.p. Railway, 48 M. E. Of Saugor. It Has Small Local Industries And A Large Cattle ...