Colorado Springs
Colorado Springs, A City Of Colorado, U.s.a., 75m. S. Of Denver, On A Mesa 6,036ft. Above The Sea, Open To The Great Plains On The South-east And Backed By Mountains, Includ Ing Pike's Peak 04,m9ft.) ; The County Seat Of El Paso County. It Lies At The Point Where Monument ...
Colorado
Colorado, Known As The "centennial State" Because Of Its Entrance Into The Union In 1876, Oo Years After The Declara Tion Of Independence, Is A State Of The United States Of America, Situated Between 37° And 41° N. Lat. And Io2° And 1o9° W. Longi Tude. The State Is Bounded ...
Colorados
Colorados, A Tribe Of South American Indians Belonging To The Barbacoan (q.v.) Linguistic Stock, Living In North-western Ecuador. At The Present Time The Colorados Occupy The Region West And South-west Of Quito, On The Upper Waters Of The Esmer Aldas, Daule And Quevedo Rivers. Their Culture Is Simple. Cloth Ing ...
Coloratura
Coloratura (it.), A Term In Music Applied To Vocal Pas Sages Of A Florid And Brilliant Character, Whereby The Underlying Melody Is Ornamented And, As It Were, "coloured" ; Aria Di Colora Tura, Coloratura Singing, And So On, Being Common Uses Of The Term. ...
Colorimeter
Colorimeter, An Instrument For Determining The Inten Sity Of A Colour (q.v.) Relative To A Standard Colour Intensity. The Two Are Viewed Simultaneously And The Standard Is Modified By Definite Degrees Until The Intensities Appear Equal. This Modifica Tion May Be Effected (a) For Liquids, By Altering The Length Of ...
Colossae
Colossae, Once The Great City Of South-west Phrygia, Was Situated On Rising Ground (1, I 5o Ft.) On The Left Bank Of The Lycus (churuk Su), A Tributary Of The Maeander, At The Upper End Of A Narrow Gorge 2 2 M. Long. It Was A Large, Prosperous City (herod. ...
Colossal Cavern
Colossal Cavern, A Limestone Solution Cave In Edmon Son County, Central Kentucky, U.s.a., I I M. From The Famous Mammoth Cave With Which It Is Probably Connected. Eden Valley, Which Lies Between These Caves, Is Indisputably A `.sink" Formed By The Collapse Of A Great Chamber Or Series Of Chambers ...
Colosseum
Colosseum, The Flavian Amphitheatre In Rome, Begun By Vespasian, On The Site Of Part Of Nero's Famous Golden House, And Inaugurated By Titus In A.d. 80. It Consisted Originally Of Three Arcaded Storeys Of Stone And An Upper Gallery, Originally Of Wood, Which Was Rebuilt Of Stone In The Present ...
Colossus
Colossus, In Antiquity, A Term Applied Generally To Statues Of Great Size (hence The Adjective "colossal"), And In Particular To The Bronze Statue Of The Sun-god Helios In Rhodes, One Of The Wonders Of The World, Made From The Spoils Left By Demetrius Poliorcetes When He Raised The Siege Of ...
Colour And Race
Colour And Race. The Narrowing Of The World By Improved Transport, The Levelling Df Mankind By The Spread Of Education, And The Increase Of Wealth And Rise In Social Position Of Coloured Peoples Are Bringing The Races Into Relationships Which May Provide The Most Difficult Problems Of This Century. The ...
Colour Blindness
Colour-blindness, A Term Applied To A Condition Of Vision In Which The Number Of Colours Which Can Be Differentiated Is Markedly Less Than Normal. Many Different Types Have Been Noted; Schjelderup Recognizes At Least 18 Which Need Explanation By Any Theory Of Colour Vision; And There Are Evidences Of An ...
Colour In Architecture
Colour In Architecture Refers To The Use Of Special Pigments To Create Colour Effects In The Appearance Of A Structure, Whether Applied Purely As Decoration, Like Paint, Or Built In As Integral Elements Of The Construction. The Range Of Available Materials Is Wide. Bricks May Be Had In Natural Tones ...
Colour Index
Colour Index, In Astronomy, The Difference Between The Visual Magnitude And The Photographic Magnitude Of A Star. Since The Ordinary Photographic Plate Is Proportionately More Sensitive To Blue Light And Less To Red, This Gives A Measure Of The Colour Of Star. The Colour Index Ranges From About —0.5 Mag. ...
Colour Measurement Munsell System
Colour Measurement (munsell System). The First Essential To The Application Of The Munsell Colour System Is A Clear Understanding Of The Three Dimensions Of Colour, And Once Having Grasped The Simple Logic Of These, The Practical Advantages Of The System Will Be Manifest. Colour Has Three Dimensions—hue, Value, And Chroma, ...
Colour Mill
Colour Mill, A Machine Used In Mixing And Grinding Paints. Its History May Be Traced Back To The Time When Man First Discovered That Paint Was Made More Tractable, And Con Sequently Furnished A More Beautiful Surface, By Thoroughly Grind Ing The Contents. He Secured Two Flat Stones, Placed The ...
Colour Printing
Colour Printing. The Introduction Of Colour Print Ing Is Obscure, And The Claims Of The Chinese And Japanese Cannot Be Discounted, For It Is Probable That These Peoples Were Practising The Methods Of Colour Block Printing, Which They Follow To-day And For Which They Are Famed Throughout The World, Long ...
Colour
Colour. In This Article Colour Is Discussed Mainly From The Physical Point Of View. Under Vision It Is Discussed From The Physiological Point Of View. It Is Not Possible To Make A Clear Cut Separation Of The Two Aspects, And Therefore The Two Articles Supplement And Overlap One Another At ...
Coloured Hearing
Coloured Hearing, A Particular Form Of Synaesthesia, Which Manifests Itself By The Appearance In Consciousness Of Colours (or Various Shades Of Grey) Whenever Certain Sounds Are Heard. These Colours Are Most Frequently Associated With Tones Of The Musical Scale. For Some Individuals Each Tone Of The Scale Has Its Specific ...
Colours In Other Armies
Colours In Other Armies Indian Army.—colours Of Units Of The Indian Army Follow The General Rules For British Units ; The 2nd King Edward's Own Gurkha Rifles, However, Have The Unique Distinction Of Carrying A "truncheon" Which Resembles A Drum-major's Staff. This Truncheon Is Paid The Same Honours As A ...
Colours Of Animals
Colours Of Animals. Pigments Or Colour-producing Substances Have Many Roles In The Life Of Organisms. Some Are Of Fundamental Physiological Importance, Like The Greenish Pig Ments (chlorophylls) Of Most Plants And The Reddish Pigment (haemoglobin) Of The Blood In Backboned Animals. But It Is Necessary To Draw A Distinction Between ...
Colton
Colton, A City Of San Bernardino County, California, U.s.a., 58m. East Of Los Angeles; Served By The Pacific Electric, The Sante Fe, The Southern Pacific And The Union Pacific Railways. The Population Was 4,282 In 1920, And Was Estimated Locally At 8,000 In 1928. Citrus And Other Fruits And Garden ...
Colugo Or Cobego
Colugo Or Cobego, The Native Name For The Two Species Of Galeopithecus (q.v.), The So-called Flying Lemur. ...
Columban
Columban Irish Saint And Writer, Was Born In Leinster, And Educated In The Monastery Of Bangor, Co. Down. About 585 He Left Ireland With 12 Other Monks, And Established Himself In The Vosges, In An Ancient Fortification Called Anagrates, The Present Anegray In The Department Of Haute-saone. He Then Built ...
Columbarium
Columbarium, Originally A Pigeon House, And So Still Used, Particularly Of The Large, Round, Tower-like Structures Common In Many Districts In France; A Dove Cote. The Term Is Also, And More Commonly, Applied To A Sepulchral Building Con Taining Many Small Niches For Funerary Urns. Columbaria Were The Most Common ...
Columbia River
Columbia River, The Largest River Flowing Into The Pacific From The Western Continent, Rises In The Ice Fields Of The Rocky Mountains In British Columbia (5o° N., 116° W.), About 8o M. N. Of The International Boundary. It Flows Northwest For About 17o M. To Lat. 52°, Where It Turns ...
Columbia University
Columbia University, One Of The Oldest And Most Important Of The Higher Institutions Of Learning In The United States, Situated For The Most Part On Morningside Heights, New York City. It Embraces Columbia College, Founded As King's Col Lege In 1754; A School Of Medicine (the College Of Physicians And ...
Columbia
Columbia, A City Near The Centre Of Missouri, U.s.a., About 'cm. N. Of The Missouri River, At An Altitude Of 7 2of T. ; The County Seat Of Boone County. It Is On Federal Highways 4o And 63, And Is Served By The Missouri-kansas-texas And The Wabash Railways. The Population ...
Columbia_2
Columbia, A Borough Of Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, U.s.a., Amid Beautiful Scenery On The Susquehanna River (a Mile Wide At This Point), 8om. W. By N. Of Philadelphia. It Is On The Lincoln Highway, And Is Served By The Pennsylvania And The Reading Railways. The Population In 193o Was 11,349 By ...
Columbia_3
Columbia, The Capital Of South Carolina, U.s.a., And The County Seat Of Richland County, On The Congaree River, In The Geographical Centre Of The State. It Is On Federal Highways Ei, 21 And 76; Is Served By The Atlantic Coast Line, The Columbia, Newberry And Laurens, The Seaboard Air Line, ...
Columbia_4
Columbia, A City Of Tennessee, U.s.a., 46m. S. By W. Of Nashville, On The Duck River; The County Seat Of Maury County. It Is On Federal Highway 31, And Is Served By The Louisville And Nashville And The Nashville, Chattanooga And St. Louis Railways. The Population In 192o Was 5,526 ...
Columbine
Columbine (aquilegia Vulgaris), An Erect, Perennial, Herb Aceous Plant Of The Crowfoot Family (ranunculaceae). The Slen Der Stem Bears Delicate, Long-stalked, Deeply Divided Leaves With Blunt Segments, And A Loose Panicle Of Handsome, Drooping, Blue Or White Flowers, Which Are Characterized By Having All The Five Petals Spurred. The Plant ...
Columbite
Columbite, A Rare Mineral Consisting Of Iron Niobate, In Which The Iron And Niobium Are Replaced By Varying Amounts Of Manganese And Tantalum Respectively, The General For Mula Being (fe, Mn) (nb, It Was In This Mineral That Charles Hatchett Discovered, In 18o1, The Element Niobium, Which He Himself Called ...
Columbium Or Niobium
Columbium Or Niobium, A Metallic Chemical Element, Which Has, As Yet, Found Little Application In The Arts. First Ob Served In 1801 By C. Hatchett In A New England Mineral, Since Named Columbite, It Was Identified By Rose In 1844. The Metal Was First Prepared By Blomstrand (1866) By Reducing ...
Columbus
Columbus, •a City Of Georgia, U.s.a., Loom. S.s.w. Of Atlanta, At The Head Of Navigation On The Chattahoochee River; The County Seat Of Muscogee County. It Is On Federal Highway 8o, And Is Served By The Central Of Georgia, The Seaboard Air Line, And The Southern Railways, And By River ...
Columbus_2
Columbus, A City Of Indiana, U.s.a., On The East Fork Of The White River, 41m. S.e. Of Indianapolis; The County Seat Of Bar Tholomew County. It Is On Federal Highway 31, And Is Served By The Big Four, The Pennsylvania, And The Interstate Public Service Co. Railways. The Population In ...
Columbus_3
Columbus, A City Of North-eastern Mississippi, U.s.a., On The Tombigbee River, Near The Alabama State Line; The County Seat Of Lowndes County. It Is On Federal Highway 45, And Is Served By The Columbus And Greenville, The Mobile And Ohio, The Southern And The Frisco Railways. The Population In 192o ...
Columbus_4
Columbus, A City Of Eastern Nebraska, U.s.a., On The Loup River, Just Above Its Junction With The Platte, 87m. W. Of Omaha ; The County Seat Of Platte County. It Is At The Intersection Of The Lincoln And The Meridian Transcontinental Highways, And Is Served By The Union Pacific And ...
Columbus_5
Columbus, The Capital Of Ohio, U.s.a., Near The Centre Of The State, At The Confluence Of The Scioto And The Olentangy Rivers; A Port Of Entry And The County Seat Of Franklin County. It Is On Federal Highways 23 And 4o; Has An Air-port, Norton Field; And Is Served By ...
Column
Column, In Architecture, A Vertical Support, Round Or Polyg Onal In Plan, In Contradistinction To A Pier (q.v.), Usually Rec Tangular In Plan. Occasionally The Word Is Used For Any Vertical Support. The Earliest Columns Were Undoubtedly Simple Tree Trunks ; Large Wooden Columns, Tapered, With The Small End Down, ...
Columnist
Columnist, One Who Is Responsible For A Stipulated Amount Of Writing, Humorous Or Semi-serious In Character, On A Daily Newspaper. Originally This Material Was Confined To The Editorial Page As A Relief From Its Serious Nature, But It Now Occurs In The Sports Section, If The Writer's Trend Is In ...
Colure
Colure, In Astronomy, Either Of The Two Principal Meridians Of The Celestial Sphere, One Of Which Passes Through The Poles And The Two Solstices, The Other Through The Poles And The Two Equi Noxes; Hence Designated As Solstitial Colure And Equinoctial Colure, Respectively. (from Gr. Koxos, Shortened, And Ovpa, Tail). ...
Coluthus Or Colluthus
Coluthus Or Colluthus, Of Lycopolis In The Egyp Tian Thebaid, Greek Epic Poet, Flourished During The Reign Of Anastasius I. (491-518). According To Suidas, He Was The Author Of Calydoniaca (probably An Account Of The Calydonian Boar Hunt), Persica (an Account Of The Persian Wars), And Encomia (laudatory Poems). These ...
Colwyn Bay
Colwyn Bay, Watering-place, Denbighshire,, North Wales, On The Irish Sea, 4olm. W.n.w. Of Chester By The L.m.s.r. Pop. Of Urban District Of Colwyn Bay And Colwyn (19oi ), 8,689; 20,885. The Town Has Grown Rapidly Since 1918, And Is Now Almost Continuous With Old Colwyn And Rhos-on-sea, With Which It ...
Coly
Coly, A Small Group Of African Birds About 12 In. Long, With Crested Heads, Finch-like Bills, Short, Rounded Wings And Long Tails. The Known Species Are All Included In The Genus Colius, Di Vided Into Three Groups: (a) With Back And Tail Brown; (b) With Back And Tail Gray, And ...
Colza Oil
Colza Oil, A Non-drying Oil Obtained From The Seeds Of Brassica Campestris, Var. Olei F Era, A Variety Of The Plant Which Produces Swedish Turnips. Colza Is Extensively Cultivated In France, Belgium, Holland And Germany; And, Especially In The First-named Country, The Expression Of The Oil Is An Important In ...
Coma Berenices
Coma Berenices ("berenice's Hair"), In Astronomy, A Constellation Of The Northern Hemisphere ; It Was First Mentioned By Callimachus, And Eratosthenes (3rd Century B.c.), But Is Not Included In The 48 Asterisms Of Ptolemy. ...
Coma
Coma, In Medicine, A Complete And Prolonged Loss Of Con Sciousness From Which A Patient Cannot Be Roused. There Are Various Degrees : In The Slighter Forms The Patient Can Be Partially Roused Only To Relapse Again Into A State Of Insensibility; In The Deeper States, The Patient Cannot Be ...
Comacchio
Comacchio, A Town Of Emilia, Italy, Province Of Ferrara, 3om. E.s.e. By Road From The Town Of Ferrara, On The Level Of The Sea, In The Centre Of The Lagoon Of Valli Di Comacchio, Just North Of The Present Mouth Of The Reno. Pop. (1931) 8,503 (town); 12,609 (commune). It ...
Comana
Comana, A City Of Cappadocia (frequently Called Chryse Or Aurea, I.e., The Golden, To Distinguish It From Comana In Pon Tus ; Mod. Sleahr), Celebrated In Ancient Times As The Place Where The Rites Of Ma-enyo, A Variety Of The Great West Asian Nature Goddess, Were Celebrated With Much Solemnity. ...
Comana_2
Comana, An Ancient City Of Pontus, Said To Have Been Colonized From Comana In Cappadocia, Standing On The River Iris (tozanli Su Or Yeshil Irmak). The Moon-goddess Was Worshipped In The City With A Pomp And Ceremony In All Respects Analogous To Those Employed In The Cappadocian City. The Slaves ...
Comanche
Comanche, A Plains Indian Tribe, Close Relatives Of The Wind River Shoshone Of Wyoming. They Ranged From This State South-westward Into Texas, Were Active Raiders, Penetrating Into Mexico, And Fought The Mexicans, Texans And Various Tribes Con Sistently. They Were Among The Most Nomadic Of Bison-hunting Indians. In The Historic ...
Comayagua
Comayagua, A City And Former Capital Of Honduras, Central America, Now The Capital Of The Department Of Comaya Gua. Population, About 7,000 ; At One Time (1827) It Had A Popu Lation Of About 18,000 People. The City Lies On The Right Bank Of The Humuya River In A Fertile ...
Comayaguela
Comayaguela, The Twin City Of Tegucigalpa (q.v.), Capital Of Honduras, From Which It Is Separated Only By A Narrow River. It Is To Be Distinguished From Comayagua (q.v.). ...
Comb
Comb. A Toothed Toilet Implement Used For Cleaning And Arranging The Hair, And Also For Holding It In Place After It Has Been Arranged ; The Word Is Also Applied, From Resemblance In Form Or In Use, To Various Appliances Employed For Dressing Wool And Other Fibrous Substances, To The ...
Combaconum Or Kumbakonam
Combaconum Or Kumbakonam, A City Of British India, In The Tanjore District Of Madras, In The Delta Of The Cauvery, On The South Indian Railway, 194 M. From Madras. Pop. 62,317. The City Is Historically Interesting As The Capital Of The Chola Race, An Old Hindu Dynasty, From Whom The ...
Combe Or Coomb
Combe Or Coomb, A Term Particularly Popular In South Western England For A Short Closed-in Valley, Either Inland On The Side Of A Down Or, More Generally, When It Forms A Small Coastal Feature. It Appears In Place-names As A Termination, E.g., Ilfracombe, And As A Prefix, E.g., Combemartin. The ...
Combination In Industry
Combination In Industry. The Term Combina Tion, In Its Industrial Sense, Is Used To Designate The Entire Process Whereby The Competition Of Rival Manufacturers Or Traders Has Given Place, In The Evolution Of Industry, And Is Still Giving Place, To Concerted Or Unified Business Control And Action. The Word Is ...
Combination Laws
Combination Laws, The Name Given To The British Acts Of 1799 And 1800, Which Made Trade Unionism Illegal. Previously Combinations Of Journeymen Had Oniy Been Illegal When, As Was Frequently The Case, Parliament Has Passed Special Legislation Dealing With The Organization Of The Trade, And Jour Neymen's Combinations Could Reasonably ...
Combinatorial Analysis
Combinatorial Analysis. Combinatory Analysis Is A Branch Of Mathematics Dealing With Various Elementary Topics In Number Theory, Algebra, And Tactical Geometry And Exten Sive Developments Therefrom. Historically This Title Includes The Beginnings Of Topics Now Rightly Assigned To Number Theory, Diophantine Analysis, The Theory Of Probability, Determinants, Group Theory, Analysis ...
Combines
Combines. The Term "combine" Is In Popular Use Through Out Great Britain And The Dominions As A Synonym For What Is More Commonly Spoken Of In The United States As A "merger." It Is Employed To Denote The Large And Probably Monopolistic Con Cern Which Results From The Permanent "combination" ...
Combing
Combing. Prior To The Development Of Mechanical Means Of Fibre-spinning, Each Fibre Was Treated In Accordance With Its Nature—more Particularly Its Length. Thus The Silk Fibre 400 To 600yd. Long Was Readily Reeled. The Cotton Fibre--often Not More Than An Inch In Length—was Spun On What Is Known As The ...
Combustion
Combustion. This Term Implies The Process Of Burning And In The Popular Mind Is Generally Associated With The Produc Tion Of Flame (q.v.). So Far As Terrestrial Conditions Are Con Cerned, It Is Due To The Combination Of A Combustible Substance With Oxygen And The Consequent Evolution Of Heat. The ...
Comedy
Comedy, The General Term Applied To A Type Of Drama The Chief Object Of Which, According To Modern Notions, Is To Amuse. It Is Contrasted On The One Hand With Tragedy And On The Other With Farce, Burlesque, Etc. As Compared With Tragedy It Is Dis Tinguished By Having A ...
Comet Seeker
Comet-seeker, A Small Telescope Adapted Especially To Searching For Comets : Commonly Of Short Focal Length And Large Aperture, In Order To Secure The Greatest Brilliancy Of Light. ...
Comets
Comets. In Addition To The Planets And Their Satellites, The Sun's Retinue Contains A Very Large Number Of Comets. These Are Distinguished From The Planets In Three Ways: (f ) Their Orbits, Instead Of Being Appreciably Circular, Like Those Of The Planets, Are Elongated Ellipses, Which, In The Majority Of ...
Comic Opera
Comic Opera, Which In Its Broadest Significance May Be Regarded As Including Any Kind Of Opera Or Musical Play Of A Humorous Character, In Its More Restricted And More Commonly Received Meaning, Implies An Opera Light In Character, Based On An Amusing Subject And Having Spoken Dialogue. (see Musical Comedy.) ...
Comic Strip
Comic Strip. The Remote Ancestry Of The American Serial Comic Would Include The Figures Of "the Rake's Progress" And "marriage A La Mode" Of Hogarth, The Work Of Rowlandson And Cruikshank, And The "robert Macaire" Of Daumier And Philipon. The Indigenous Product First Found Expression In The Back Pages Of ...
Comitia
Comitia, The Name Applied To The Most Formal Types Of Gathering Of The Sovereign People In Ancient Rome, Is The Plural Of Comitium, The Old "meeting-place," On The North-west Of The Forum. The Romans Had Three Words For Describing Gatherings Of The People. These Were Concilium, Comitia And Contio. Of ...
Comma
Comma, Originally, In Greek Rhetoric, A Short Clause, Some Thing Less Than The "colon"; Hence A Mark (,), In Punctuation, To Show The Smallest Break In The Construction Of A Sentence (gr. Ko/42a, Something Stumped Or Cut Off, Ko7tecv To Strike). The Mark Is Also Used To Separate Numerals, Mathematical ...
Command
Command, In Military Engineering, The Height Measured Vertically Of The Crest Of A Fortified Work Above The Natural Sur Face Of The Surrounding Ground. In Military Organization It Is Used, In A General Sense, To Mean The Whole Number Of Troops Under A Particular Officer's Command, E.g., "general A's Command," ...
Commandant
Commandant. A Military Commander Of A Place Or Body Of Men, Irrespective Of His Substantive Rank, Which Varies With The Size And Importance Of The Place Or Force. Sometimes "commandant" Forms Part Of A Title, E.g., "colonel-commandant." In The French Army A Commandant Is The Battalion Commander (see Officers). ...
Commandeer
Commandeer (from The South African Dutch Komman Deren, To Command), Properly, To Compel The Performance Of Military Duty In The Field, Especially Of The Military Service Of The Boer Republics (see Commando) ; Also To Seize Property For Military Purposes; Hence Used Of Any Peremptory Seizure For Other Than Military ...
Commander
Commander. Any Officer Vested With The Command Of A Force, Formation, Unit Or Detachment Of Troops, Whether In The Navy Or In The Army. ...
Commandery
Commandery, A Division Of The Landed Property In Eu Rope Of The Knights Hospitallers (see St. John Of Jerusalem). The Property Of The Order Was Divided Into "priorates," Subdivided Into "bailiwicks," Which In Turn Were Divided Into "command Eries"; These Were Placed In Charge Of A "commendator" Or Com Mander. ...
Commando
Commando, A Portuguese Word Meaning "command," Adopted By The Boers In South Africa For Military And Semi-mili Tary Expeditions Against The Natives. More Particularly A "com Mando" Was The Administrative And Tactical Unit Of The Forces Of The Former Boer Republics, "commandeered" Under The Law Of The Constitutions, Which Made ...
Commedia Dell Arte
Commedia Dell' Arte, Name Given To The Medi Aeval Italian Comedy In Which The Plot Was Written Out, But The Dialogue Was Improvised By The Actors. The Name Commedia Dell' Arte All' Improvviso Means, Therefore, A Comedy Improvised By The Actor Gild (arte) Or Profession. Certain Characters Recur Almost Invariably ...
Commemoration
Commemoration, A Celebration Of Some Past Event, Especially The Ceremonial Closing Of The Academic Year At Oxford University. This Consists Of A Latin Oration In Commemoration Of Benefactors And Founders; Of The Recitation Of Prize Composi Tions In Prose And Verse, And The Conferring Of Honorary Degrees Upon English Or ...
Commendation
Commendation, Approval, A Recommendation Of One Person To The Favour Of Another. Commendatio Is The Liturgical Term For The Office Commending The Souls Of The Dying And Departed To The Mercies Of God. In Feudal Law It Was Applied To The Act By Which A Freeman Placed Himself Under The ...
Commentarii
Commentarii, Notes To Assist The Memory, Memoranda. This Original Idea Of The Word Gave Rise To A Variety Of Meanings: Notes And Abstracts Of Speeches For The Assistance Of Orators; Family Memorials, The Origin Of Many Of The Legends Introduced Into Early Roman History From A Desire To Glorify A ...
Commentry
Commentry, A Town Of Central France, In The Department Of Allier, About 7 Miles E.s.e. Of Montlucon. Pop. (1931) 7,657. Commentry Gives Its Name To A Coalfield Over 5,000 Acres In Extent, And Has Important Foundries And Forges. ...
Commerce
Commerce. In The Widest Sense The Term Commerce Covers The Exchange Of Commodities And All The Arrangements Necessary For Effecting Such Exchange ; But In General Usage It Is More Or Less Strictly Confined To Exchanges Conducted On A Large Scale, Particularly Between Distant Places. The Desire To Make An ...
Commercial Court
Commercial Court, In England, A Court Presided Over By A Single Judge Of The King's Bench Division, For The Trial, As Expeditiously As May Be, Of Commercial Cases. By The Rules Of The Supreme Court, Order Xviii. A (made In Nov. 1893), A Plain Tiff Was Allowed Under Certain Circumstances ...
Commercial Education
Commercial Education, Being A Recent Develop Ment Of The Educational System, Is, In Most Countries, Still In A State Of Transition, No Adequate General Plan Having Yet Been Adopted. The Need For This Type Of Education, However, Has Gradu Ally Become Recognized, And In Great Britain And The United States ...
Commercial Paper
Commercial Paper, A Term Popularly Applied To All Kinds Of Short-term Negotiable Instruments Which Call For The Pay Ment Of Money And Which May Be Used For Borrowing. Strictly, It Should Be Used Only For Such Paper As Arises From Commercial, As Distinguished From Investment, Speculative, Personal, Real Es Tate ...
Commercial Treaties After The
Commercial Treaties After The War The War Made A Serious Breach In The Commercial Treaty Sys Tem. It Is True It Did Not Alter The Basic Principles Of The Policy Of Concluding Commercial Treaties, But It Brought Financial And Protectionist Interests So Strongly Into The Foreground That The Interest In ...
Commercial Treaties
Commercial Treaties. A Commercial Treaty Is A Contract Between States Relative To Trade. It Is A Bilateral Act Whereby Definite Arrangements Are Entered Into By Each Contract Ing Party Towards The Other—not Mere Concessions. As Regards Technical Distinctions, An "agreement," An "exchange Of Notes," Or A "convention" Properly Applies To ...
Commercy
Commercy, A Town Of North-eastern France, Capital Of An Arrondissement In The Department Of Meuse, On The Left Bank Of The Meuse, 26 M. E. Of Bar-le-duc. Pop. (1931) 5,861. It Dates From The 9th Century, When Its Lords Were Dependent On The Bishop Of Metz. In 1s44 It Was ...
Commers
Commers, The German Term For The Students' Social Gather Ings Held On Occasions Such As The Breaking-up Of Term And The Anniversary Of The University's Founding (lat. Commercium). A Commers Consists Of Speeches And Songs And The Drinking Of Beer. Strict Rules As To Drinking Exist, And The Chairman After ...
Commissariat
Commissariat, The Department Of An Army Charged With The Provision Of Supplies, Both Food And Forage, For The Troops. The Supply Of Military Stores Such As Ammunition Is Not Included In The Duties Of A Commissariat. In Almost Every Army The Duties Of Transport And Supply Are Performed By The ...
Commissary
Commissary, Generally, A Representative, E.g., The Em Peror's Representative Who Presided In His Absence Over The Imperial Diet ; And Especially, An Ecclesiastical Official Who Exer Cises In Special Circumstances The Jurisdiction Of A Bishop (q.v.) ; In The Church Of England This Jurisdiction Is Exercised In A Consis Tory ...
Commission Internationale De Ravi
Commission Internationale De Ravi Taillement. This Commission Was Established As The Result Of An Agreement Concluded At A Meeting Held On Aug. 13, 1914, Be Tween Delegates Of The French Ministries Of Finance, War And Marine And Representatives Of The British Foreign Office, Treasury, Admiralty, War Office And Board Of ...
Commissionaire
Commissionaire, The Designation Of An Attendant, Messenger Or Subordinate Employee In Hotels On The Continent Of Europe, Whose Chief Duty Is To Attend At Railway Stations, Secure Customers, Take Charge Of Their Luggage, Carry Out The Necessary Formalities With Respect To It And Have It Sent On To The Hotel. ...
Commissioner
Commissioner, In General An Officer Appointed To Carry Out Some Particular Work, Or To Discharge The Duty Of A Particular Office; One Who Is A Member Of A Commission (q.v.). He Is Legally Defined As A Person Authorized By Letters Patent, Act Of Parliament Or Other Lawful Warrant To Execute ...
Commitment
Commitment, In Common Law A Warrant In Writing Of A Magistrate, Justice, Or Other Official Having Police Jurisdiction, Directing The Conveyance Of A Person Named Or Sufficiently De Scribed Therein To A Prison Or Other Legal Place Of Custody, And His Detention Therein For A Time Specified, Or Until The ...
Committee
Committee, A Person Or Body Of Persons To Whom Some Thing Is Entrusted (lat. Committere, To Entrust) ; Also A Person Or Persons To Whom The Charge Of The Body ("committee Of The Person") Or Of The Property And Business Affairs ("committee Of The Estate") Of A Lunatic Is Committed ...
Commode
Commode, Originally, A Tall Head-dress With A Fan-shaped Frame Covered With Lace Or Silk. It Was Introduced By Mlle. De Fontanges, The Red-haired Mistress Of Louis Xiv. The Term Is Now More Commonly Applied To A Piece Of Furniture That Is Closely Related To The Chest Of Drawers, The Chest, ...
Commodianus
Commodianus, A Christian Latin Poet, Who Flourished About A.d. 250. Commodianus Is Supposed To Have Been An Afri Can. As He Himself Tells Us, He Was Converted To Christianity When Advanced In Years, And Felt Called Upon To Instruct The Ignorant In The Truth. He Was The Author Of Two ...
Commodity
Commodity, In Economics, A Portion Of Wealth, A Thing Which Being Desired As Possessing The Power To Satisfy Human Wants, Is Limited In Supply And Has Therefore Value In Exchange. Every Commodity Which Satisfies A Want Is Said To Possess "util Ity"; Conversely, Everything Possessing Utility Is A Commodity. The ...
Common Good
Common Good, In Scotland, The Name Of Ancient Cor Porate Property Owned By The Royal Burghs And Held By Them For The Communal Benefit Of Their Citizens. These Properties Consist For The Most Part Of Land And Buildings. The Communal Funds Derived From The Common Good Are Spent Upon Objects ...
Common Law
Common Law Means The Law Common To The Whole Realm, As Distinct From The Law Peculiar To Certain Classes Of Persons Such As, In The Middle Ages, The "law Merchant." This Is The Sense In Which The Term Comes Into General Use In The Reign Of Edward I. The Term, ...