1380 1422 Charles Vi
Charles Vi, 1380-1422, Was A Most Unfortunate Son Of A Fortunate Father. During His Minority The Land Was Distracted By The Quarrels Of His Uncles, The Brothers Of Charles V; And When He Attained Manhood He Almost Immediately Became Insane, With Only Rare Lucid Intervals. Again There Were Strug Gles ...
1422 1461 Charles Vii
Charles Vii, 1422-1461, Was Not Able To Be Crowned King Until 1429, Seven Years After The Death Of His Father—and Then He Owed His Crown To The Courage, Faith, And Enthusiasm Of The Simple Peasant Maid, Joan Of Arc (see Joan Of Arc). After A Series Of Brilliant Successes In ...
1483 1498 Charles Viii
Charles Viii, 1483-1498, Was A Feeble Insignifi Cant-appearing Successor To Louis Xi (1461-1485), That Cold Cunning Renaissance Ruler Who Had Suc Ceeded His Father Charles Vii And Done So Much To Repair The Ravages Of The Hundred Years' War. For A Time Charles Viii Followed The Advice Of His Elderviii ...
1560 1574 Charles Ix
Charles Ix, 1560-1574, Came In The Midst Of The Reformation And The Wars Of The Huguenots In France. The Crimes Which Mar The History Of His Reign Are Not Entirely The Fault Of This Weak King, But Are Due Mainly To His Ambitious Mother Catherine De' Medici (see Medici). When ...
1625 1649 Charles I
Charles I, 1625-1649, To Whose Unhappy Lot It Fell To Occupy The Throne In The Days Of The Puritan Revolution, At A Time When New Ideas Of The Rights Of The People Were Coming Into Sharpest Conflict With The Old Claims Of Royal Right Or Prerogative, Ended His Reign In ...
1660 1685 Charles Ii
Charles Ii, 1660-1685, Was The Shrewder But Morally Worthless Elder Son Of Charles I. When His Father Was Beheaded In 1649, The Younger Charles Was 19 Years Old And Safe In France. The Royalists Of Scotland At Once Summoned Him To Be Their King, And In 1650 He Landed In ...
1824 1830 Charles X
.charles X, 1824-1830, Belongs To A Much Later Day, But Something Of The Ill-fame Which Attaches To The Name Is His Also. He Was A Belated Man Of The Middle Ages Who—even After The French Revolution—believed In The " Divine Right Of Kings," And Even Declared That He Could Heal ...
Battle Of Chancellorsville
Chan'cellorsville, Battle Of. At Chan Cellorsville, Va., On May 2 And 3, 1863, The Con Federates Gained One Of Their Greatest Victories In The Civil War. The Union Army, Though Superior In Numbers, After Three Days' Terrible Fighting Was De Feated And Retreated Across The Rappahannock, With A Loss Of ...
Battle Of Chattanooga
Chattanooga, Battle Of. As A Dramatic Climax To The Conffict Around Chattanooga, Tenn., Occurred The Battles Of Lookout Mountain And Missionary Ridge, Nov. 25, 1863. It Was One Of The Most Im Portant Union Victories Of The Civil War, Since It Opened The Way For Sherman's Campaign Into Georgia And ...
Carrots
Carrots. Have You Seen The Fields And Roadsides White In Late Summer With Large Spreading Weeds That Make You Think Of Lace Parasols? You Perhaps Know Them By The Name Of Queen Anne's Lace, But They Are Really The Wild Form Of The Carrot—a Weed Which Is Cordially Hated By ...
Carthage
Carthage. About 1,000 Years Before The Birth Of Christ The. Venturesome Phoenicians Planted On The Edge Of The Region Now Called Tunis, In Northern Africa, The City Of Carthage, Which Became The Com Mercial Queen Of The Western Mediterranean Until Overthrown By Its Powerful Rival, Rome. According To Tradition, Carthage ...
Cartier
Cartier (keir-iyal Jacques (1491-1557). There Is Scarcely A Promontory Or Bend Along The Lower Reaches Of The St. Lawrence River That Does Not Carry Memories Of The Bold French Sea-captain, Jacques Cartier, Who In The Early Years Of The 16th Century Discovered And Explored That Great Stream And Opened Canada ...
Cashmere
Cashmere. In The North Of India, Reaching From The Plains Of The Punjab Northward Over The Western Himalaya Ranges To The Borders Of Tibet, Lies The Beautiful Mountainous State Of Cashmere (or Kash Mir). It Is A Region Of Wild And Gorgeous Scenery, Of Splendid Snow-crowned Summits Cut By Deep ...
Caspian Sea
Cas'pian Sea. Lying On The Boundary Between Europe And Asia, The Caspian Sea Is The Largest Salt Lake And The Greatest Interior Body Of Water In The World. It Is About 700 Miles Long And Varies In Breadth From 130 To 270 Miles; Its Area Is About Five Times That ...
Cassowary
Cassowary. This Great Running Bird, A Near Relative Of The Ostrich, The Emu, And The Rhea, Looks At First Sight Like A Bird Without Wings, Tail, Or Feathers. But The Tail Is There, Though So Short That It Is Quite Hidden Under The Strange, Glossy-black, Hairlike Feathers That Hang Over ...
Castle
Castle. Making Our Way Up The Steep Road Which Leads To A Medieval Castle, We Find Outside Its Walls A Deep Ditch Or Moat, With A Strong Palisade Of Heavy Stakes Set In The Ground At Its Outer Edge. The Outer Wall (called " Cur Tain" Or "bailey" Wall) Is ...
Castor Bean
Castor Bean. You Have Probably Often Seen The Castor-oil Plant As The Center Of A Small Circular Flower Bed, For Although Of Tropical Origin It Is Much Used In Northern Countries For Ornamental Purposes. Given Plenty Of Sunshine And A Deep Rich Soil It Will Grow Readily And Lend A ...
Castor And Pollux
Cas'tor And Pol'lux. These Famous Demigods Of Greek Myth Were Twin Sons Of Zeus, By A Mortal Mother. Pollux Was Renowned As A Skilled Boxer, And Castor Was Famed Far And Wide As A Tamer Of Horses. Sailors In Storms Prayed To Them, And They Became The Patrons Of Travelers ...
Catalpa
Catalpa. There Are Eight Or Ten Species Of This Flowering Tree, Two Of Which Are Found In The United States And The Rest In Eastern Asia. The Common Catalpa Is A Native Of The Southern United States And Is Cultivated As An Ornamental Tree In Most Of Our Northern Cities. ...
Catbird
Catbird. The Catbird Is A "grand-stander." He Sings Best When He Is Sure That Someone Is Listen Ing, And He Always Poses On The Most Conspicuous Twig In The Garden. There He Mimics The Other Birds With Many Musical Flour Ishes, And Cat-calls And Tree-toad Notes Thrown In. His Name ...
Caterpillars
Caterpillars. These Little Wriggling Worm Like Animals Are Part Of The Wonderful Life History Of Moths And Butterflies. Hatched From A Tiny Egg-, They First Appear As Tiny Creatures So Small They Can Hardly Be Seen. But They Have Appetites All Out Of Proportion To Their Size, And Eat So ...
Cathedral
Cathedral. Early In The Middle Ages When Latin Was The Only Language Used By Educated People, The Church Which Contained The Official " Seat" Or Throne (cathedra) Of The Bishop Was Known As The Ecclesia Cathedralis Or " Church Of The Seat." As Time Went On This Term Was Shortened ...
Cattle
Cattle. When Cattle Were First Tamed No One Can Say. We Know That Early Man Found Various Types Of Oxen And Bison Roaming The Wilds O F Europe, Asia, And Africa, And That He Killed These For Food. A Picture Of One Of These Powerful Shaggy Bison Of Pre Historic ...
Cave
Cave. Anyone Who Explores Mammoth Cave In Kentucky—the Largest Natural Cave In The World— Can Easily Understand Why Such Great Dark Caverns In The Earth Have In All Ages Excited The Awe And Wonder Of Mankind. The Rocky, Arched Walls Of This Abode Russia Finally Conquered The Country In 1864. ...
Cavour
Cavour Oor') Camillo Bens°, Count Di (1810-1861). This Great Statesman, To Whom More Than To Any Other One Person Was Due The Uniting Of Italy Into A Single Kingdom, Left A Name, In The Words Of Lord Palmerston Of England, "to Point A Moral And Adorn A Tale." The Moral ...
Cedar
Cedar. The Great Durability And Fine Grain Of The Cedar Tree, To Gether With Its Sur Passing Beauty, Has Given To This Conifer An Important Place. There Are Several Species Which Thrive In Northern Africa, Asia Minor, And The Himalayas; And Though No True Cedars Are Native To North America, ...
Celebes
Celebes (cer E-bez). The Interesting And Pictur Esque Island Of Celebes Is One Of The Largest In The Group Lying Between Asia And Australia, Known As The Malay Archipelago Or The East Indies. To The West Of It Lies Borneo, To The East The Moluccas, And To The North, Separated ...
Celery
Celery. Wholesome And Delicate In Flavor And Handsome In Appearance, It Is Difficult To Believe That The Crisp White Stalks Of Celery Served On Our Tables Have Been Developed From A Tough And Woody Weed. In Its Wild State No One Would Think Of Eating Celery, For The Sap Is ...
Cell
Cell. No Romancer Ever Dreamed Of A Magician Or A Wizard Who Could Do Things Half So Marvelous As The Tiny Cell, That Drop Of The Mysterious Sub Stance We Call Protoplasm Which Has Built Up Your Body And The Body Of Every Human Being And Every Animal And Every ...
Celluloid
Celluloid. One Day In 1863, John Wesley Hyatt, A Young Printer In Albany, N.y., Wanted A Little Collodion To Apply To A Sore Finger. He Went To The Cupboard And Found That The Bottle Had Tipped Over And The Collodion Had Run Out And Hardened On The Shelf. As He ...
Cellulose
Cellulose. Every Living Plant In The World Is Constantly Making That Mysterious And Complex Substance Called Cellulose. They Take Water From The Ground And Carbon Dioxide From The Air And Unite Them Into A Substance Closely Akin To Starch, Con Taining Carbon, Hydrogen, And Oxygen, Which The Chemist Represents By ...
Celts
Celts (kelts). Long Before The Christian Era, While Rome Was Still A Small Struggling State, The Whole Of Northwestern Europe Was Inhabited By A Group Of War Like Tribes Belonging To The Great Race Called Celts. Their Original Home Is Unknown, But They May Have Come From The Distant Steppes ...
Cement
Cement. Broadly Speaking, Cement Is A Term Which May Be Applied To Any Substance Used For Making Bodies Adhere To Each Other. By Far The Most Important Class Of Cements Is The Hydraulic Cements, Which Have The Property, When They Are Mixed With Water, Of "setting" And Finally Becoming Hard, ...
Census
Census. Every Ten Years A Census Taker Comes To Your House And Asks A Lot Of Questions—how Many People Live There, Their Ages, Relation To Each Other, And So On. You Know Then That Uncle Sam Is Busy Again " Taking Stock." But How Does Uncle Sam Put Together The ...
Centaurs
Centaurs (sen'tars). The Greek Legends Are Full Of Tales Of The Fabled Monsters Called Centaurs, Whom They Pictured As Men To The Waist, But With The Lower Part Of The Body That Of The Horse. At The Feast Celebrating The Marriage Of The King Of The Lapithae, They Made An ...
Centipedes
Cen'tipedes. These " Hundred-legged" Creatures —for That Is What The Name Means—are Found In Greatest Numbers In Warm Countries. A Few Species Only Live In The United States. These Are Rather Small, The Largest One Being About Five Inches In Length, And They Perform A Useful Service In Eating Worms ...
Central America
Central America. Extending Southeast From Mexico To Colombia, Like The Curved Finger-tip Of A Hand Whose Thumb Is Florida, Central America Joins North And South America, Partly Enclosing The Gulf Of Mexico And The Caribbean Sea. In This Strip Of Land, Nearly 1,000 Miles Long And Varying From About 50 ...
Centrifugal Force
Centrifugal Force. Have You Ever Watched An Automobile Go Rapidly Around A Corner? If So, You Have Seen How Likely It Is To "skid" Outwards, Particularly If The Road Is Wet And Slippery. The Automobile Seems To Want To Go Straight Ahead And Not To Follow The Curve Of The ...
Ceylon
Ceylon'. The Beauty Of Its Scenery And The Rich Ness Of Its Soil Have Won For This Island Colony Of Great Britain The Name "pearl Of The Orient." It Is About The Size Of West Virginia, Having An Area Of Over 25,000 Square Miles, And Lies 60 Miles Southeast Of ...
Chalk
Chalk. When You Write On The Blackboard With A Piece Of Chalk, You Hold In Your Hand The Mineral Remains (shells) Of Thousands Of Tiny Creatures Called Foraminifera, Which Died Millions Of Years Ago. They Lived In The Seas, And As They Died Their Tiny Shells Sank To The Bottom ...
Chameleon
Chameleon (kei-me'le-15n). The Chameleon Is The World's Champion Turncoat. One Moment It Is A Brilliant Green; The Next It May Be A Gray-black, Or Chestnut And Black, Or Covered With Yellow Spots. This Is Nature's Way Of Protecting This Sluggish Little Lizard, For It Moves So Slowly That If It ...
Chamois
Chamois (chant'l Or Sha-mwa'). " Nimble As A Chamois," We Often Say When We Speak Of Some Feat Of Agility, For This Small Goat-like Antelope Of The Mountains Of Middle And Southern Europe Is One Of The Fleetest And Most Active Of Creatures. When Alarmed It Will Flee To The ...
Channel Islands
Channel Islands. When You See The Beautiful Fawn-colored Jersey Cows, Or The Handsome Guern Seys With Their White Markings, Think Of The Channel Islands; For It Is To These Tiny British Possessions Off The Coast Of France That We Owe Two Of Our Most Famous Breeds Of Dairy Cattle. The ...
Charade
Charade (shcierad'). The Charade Is A Close Rela Tive To The Riddle. It Is A Syllable-puzzle Game. The Answer Is Guessed By Putting Into One Word A Number Of Short Words Described Independently By Acting. In The Game Of Charades The Company Is Divided Into Two Sides, Each In Turn ...
Charcoal
Charcoal. The Porous Black Brittle Substance Left When Wood Or Bones Are " Charred," Or Partially Burned, Is Called Charcoal. It Is An Impure Variety Of Carbon, And Because Of Its Property Of Absorbing Enormous Quantities Of Gases It Has Many Uses. Animal Charcoal, Or Bone-black, Is Made By Heating ...
Charlemagne
Charlemagne (sheirte-man) (742— 814). The Coronation Of Charles The Great, In Rome, On Christmas Day In The Year 800 A.d., Was The Central Fact Of The Middle Ages. As Charles, "in Shape And Gesture Proudly Emi Nent," His Yellow Locks Tinged With Gray, His Cheeks Furrowed With The Toil Of ...
Charles Martel 688 741
Charles Martel' (688-741). By The Year 732, Exactly 100 Years After Mohammed's Death, The Flood-tide Of The Saracen Armies Had Swept West From Arabia Across Northern Africa, Had Conquered Spain, And Was Rolling Irresistibly Northward Through France. The Sword Of Islam Was Striving To Convert The World To Mohammedanism By ...
Charles V
Charles V, Who Ruled 1364-1380, Is Known By The Surname "the Wise." He Was A Great Statesman Because He Was A Good Judge Of Men To Carry Out His Plans, And Of Times When His Plans Should Be At Tempted. His Reign Saw The Beginning Of The Second Period Of ...
Chateau Thierry
Chateau-thierry (sha-to' Tye-re'), France. As Long As The History Of The World War Of 1914-18 Lives The Name Of Château-thierry Will Call To Mind The Most Critical Period Of That Vast Conflict, The Months Of June And July, 1918, When The Power Of Germany Spent Itself In A Last Vain ...
Chatham
Chatham (chetram), William Pitt, Earl Of (1708 1778). " I Know That I Can Save The Country And That No One Else Can," Proudly Boasted William Pitt The Elder, In 1757, When England Was Losing Battle After Battle In The Great Seven Years' War. What Reasons, You Ask, Had Pitt ...
Duke Of Burgundy 1433
Charles The Bold, Duke Of Burgundy (1433 1477). By The Side Of A Little Stream In Northwestern France, On A Sunday Morning In October 1468, The Fiery Ambitious Charles The Bold, Duke Of Burgundy, Awaited The Arrival Of His Crafty Overlord, The Miserly King Louis Xi Of France. At The ...
Dwellers
Dwellers. What Sort Of People Were The An Cient Cave Dwellers Of The Old Stone Age Who Lived At The Dawn Of Civilization In Southwestern Europe? Scientists Tell Us That They Were Not Only Tall And Strong With Well-formed Features, But That Their Skulls Were Larger Than Those Of Many ...
Edmund 1743 1823 Cartwright
Cartwright, Edmund (1743-1823). It Is In Teresting To Note How Often Chance Figures In Great Discoveries And Inventions. This Clergyman Of The Church Of England Was 41 Years Old When A Casual Conversation Turned Him From The Simple Duties Of A Country Parish To The Checkered Career Of An Inventor. ...
Geoffrey Chaucer
Chau'cer, Geoffrey (about 1340-1400). On A Fresh April Morning In The Merry England Of Centuries Ago, A Goodly Company Of Men And Women Are Gathered In The Old Tabard Inn At Southwark, A Suburb Of London. They Are The Canterbury Pilgrims Of Whom Chaucer Tells Us R In His Delightful ...
Holy Roman Emperor 1500 1558
Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor (1500-1558). In October Of The Year 1555 A Strange Procession Wound Its Way Through The Rugged And Hilly Region Of Northwestern Spain. At Its Head Rode An Officer With A Company Of Soldiers. Next Came A Gouty Old Man In A Horse-litter. A Body Of ...
How Big Head Slew The
How Big-head Slew The Cave-bear. Big-head Was Very Angry. While He Was Out Hunting And The Women And Children Were Gathering Berries And Firewood, A Huge Cave-bear Had Seized The Opportu Nity To Take Possession Of The Big-head Family's Cave. The Cave Was On The Banks Of A Small Stream ...
King Of Sweden 1682 1718
Charles Xii, King Of Sweden (1682-1718). "again A Child In Years Sat Upon Sweden's Throne. A Lad Of 15 Became An All-commanding Sovereign King Responsible For His Actions To None On Earth, But With Power And Authority As A Christian King To Rule And Govern His Realm As It Seemed ...
Kings Of France Charles
Charles, Kings Of France. Charlemagne Or "charles (karl) The Great" Was The First Charles To Rule Over France, But His Reign Belongs Rather To The History Of Western Europe Than To That Of Any One Of The Separate Kingdoms. So Charlemagne's Grand Son, Charles The Bald, Who Received The Western ...
Kit 1809 1868 Carson
Carson, "kit" (1809-1868). In The Same Way That Daniel Boone Was The Explorer And Frontiersman Connected With The Opening Of Kentucky To The White Men, So Christopher Carson, Popularly Known As " Kit" Carson, Was The Most Famous Guide And Trapper In The Great Region West Of The Mississippi River. ...
Miguel De 1547 1616
Miguel De (1547-1616). When A Hook Lives For Over Three Hundred Years, Appeals To Young And Old Of Many Nations, And Has A New Freshness For Each New Generation Of Readers, You May He Sure That It Pos Sesses Some Rare Qualities. The Spanish Romance Entitled (after Its Hero) Don ...
S C Charleston
Charleston, S. C. Since Its Founding In 1670 As An English Settlement, Charleston, The Chief City Of South Carolina, Has Had A Rich And Varied History. It Was The First Southern City To Join The Revolutionary Movement ; And The Civil War Was Begun, In April 1861, By The Bombardment ...
Samuel De 1567 1635 Champlain
Champlain', Samuel De (1567-1635). At About The Same Time That Captain John Smith Was Strug Gling To Keep Alive The Small English Colony Of James Town, Samuel De Champlain, The " Father Of New France," Was Planting The Seed Of French Power In America At Quebec. Champlain, The Son Of ...
The Story Of Alice
The Story Of Alice In Wonderland. Once A Sunny Afternoon When Humming Bees And Warm Winds Made Her Drowsy, Alice Lay In The Shade Of A Great Tree. The Dear Little Girl's Drooping Eyes Had Almost Shut, When Suddenly She Saw A White Rabbit With Pink Eyes. As He Scurried ...
The Story Of Don
The Story Of Don Quixote. In A Certain Village Of The Province Of La Mancha In Spain (so Cervantes Tells Us), There Lived A Quaint Old Gentleman About 50 Years Of Age, Tall, Thin, And Gaunt Featured. His Means Were Small, For He Had Sold Many Acres Of Land In ...