134 Cement Construction
134 Cement Construction Size That No Reinforcement Is Necessary In The Walls. On The Upper Edge Of The Walls, And Around The Interior, May Be Embedded Strips For Use When The Glass Frames Are Placed On Top. Remove The Forms In Two Or Three Days, And Keep The Walls Damp ...
150 Cement Construction
'150 Cement Construction Should Be Fitted And Plastered In After The Con Crete Has Set And Forms Have Been Removed. Bins Should Be Built Of A Size To Suit Convenience, With Walls Four Inches Thick And Reinforced With One-quarter-inch Rods Placed Twelve Inches Apart Horizontally And Vertically To Give The ...
A Cement Coping
A Cement Coping A Coping Made Of Cement Should Be About 4 Inches Thick, To Look Well. Take Two 6-inch Boards And Nail On A 1 By 2 Strip On The Bottom, To Form The Projection Of The Stone. The Strips Can Be Put On To Show Any Thickness Of ...
A Concrete
A Concrete The Modern Equipment Of A Rural Home, Espe Cially If It Is Located Where A Supply Of Ice Is Available For Harvest In The Winter, Is Not Com Plete Without An Ice-house. And For This Pur Pose No Material Lends Itself Better To The Con Struction Than Does ...
A Concrete Chicken House
A Concrete Chicken House It Is Easier To Keep A Chicken House Clean When It Is Made Of Cement Than It Is To Care For Such A House Built Of Any Other Kind Of Material. Besides, The Concrete Chicken House Is Rat-proof. The Protection Against Rats, Weasels, Etc., And The ...
Advantages Of Reinforced Concrete
Advantages Of Reinforced Concrete Reinforced Concrete Possesses Many Advan Tages That Other Building Materials Do Not, And These Have Led To Its Rapid Growth As A Standard For Many Types Of Structures. The Chief Advan Tages That Reinforced Concrete Has Are As Follows: Its Moderate Cost Of Construction—less Than That ...
Aggregates
Aggregates The First Requisite In The Selection Of The Stone For The Concrete Is Cleanliness. This Is Absolutely Essential To Strength In The Concrete. In Selecting An Aggregate, The Character Of The Surfaces Presented By The Particles Should Always Receive Close Attention; These Must Be Hard And Permanent. A Covering ...
Asbestos Building Lumber
Asbestos Building Lumber The Fire-resisting, Non-conducting Qualities Of The Mineral Asbestos Have Long Been Well Known. This Natural Rock Of Fibrous Texture Is Manufactured Into A Great Variety Of Commercial Products Adapted To Various Uses Where Insula Tion Is Required. One Of The Latest Applications Of This Useful Agent Is ...
Blocks Without Facing
Blocks Without Facing The Appearance Presented By The Concrete Building Block Is A Subject That Has Engaged The Serious Attention Of Men Interested In The Growth Of The Industry For A Number Of Years. And It Is To Be Said That Some Of The Problems Growing Out Of The Use ...
Causes Of Defects
Causes Of Defects Frozen Concrete Surfaces Have The Appear Ance Of Being Spotted. A Surface Frozen Before The Concrete Has Set, Scales Off Easily. Paper, Tarpaulin, Or Clean Sand Can Be Used To Prevent Freezing. Good Cement Work Can Be Done In Freezing Weather By Using Warm Water, Warm Sand, ...
Ceilings
Ceilings Fig. 96 Also Shows The Method Of Supporting A Ceiling Made Of Metal Lath Or Sheathing. This Sheet Material Is Wired Securely To The Light Bars Shown Running Transversely Across The I-beams. The Bars Are Held To The Flanges Of The I-beams By Clamps, The Top Part Of The ...
Cement Construction 187
Cement Construction 187 Fig. 42 Shows The Failure Of The Same Type Of Beam As Previously Shown, But Provided With Reinforcing Bars With Fixed Stirrups. From The Cracks Shown Near The Bottom Of Beam, This Seems To Be A Well-balanced Reinforcement, With The Main Stress Occurring At The Center Of ...
Cement Construction Reinforced Concrete
Cement Construction Reinforced Concrete Introduction. Reinforced Concrete Is Con Crete In Which Steel Has Been Embedded. To Give Additional Strength And Elasticity. Steel Has About The Same Strength In Tension When Used As A Beam, As It Has In Compression When Used As A Column Or Post. The Same Thing ...
Cement Floors And Steps
Cement Floors And Steps Sarco Mastic. For Manufacturing Establish Ments Where It Is Desired To Have Absolutely Waterproof Floors, "sarco Mastic" Is Used In Con Nection With "sarco Flux" On Cement Floors. The Mastic Is Broken Up Into Small Pieces, And Placed In A Suitable Kettle, Together With A Certain ...
Chimneys Roofs
Roofs, Chimneys, Etc. ...
Color Variations
Color Variations One Of The Difficulties Encountered In Plaster And Monolithic Wall Construction Is A Variation Of Color Between The Various Layers Of Concrete That Are Deposited, And Also The Tendency In Monolithic Walls Of The Aggregates And Stones To Show On The Surface, Separating Themselves From The Matrix, Or ...
Color Of Concrete Blocks
Color Of Concrete Blocks Outside Of All Considerations Of Form And Ef Fect, The Matter Of Color Is Not The Least Impor Tant Of The Properties Of The Concrete Block. It Is Upon This More Than Anything Else That The Marketing Of The Block Depends. It Is, There Fore, Important ...
Concrete Block Industry
Concrete Block Industry No Other Department Of The Cement Industry Has So Felt The Need Of Standard Specifications And Uniform Instructions As Has The Manufac Ture Of Cement Blocks. There Is To-day A Large And Growing Demand For This Material, And Its General And Almost Un Limited Use Is Retarded ...
Concrete Fence Posts
Concrete Fence-posts There Is A Constantly Increasing Demand For Some Kind Of Fence-post Which Is Not Subject To Decay. The Life Of Wooden Posts Is Very Limited, And The Scarcity Of Suitable Timber In Many Lo Calities Has Made It Imperative To Find A Substi Tute. A Fence-post, To Prove ...
Concrete Pile Foundations
Concrete Pile Foundations The Second Use Of Reinforced Concrete In Foundations, Referred To As The Use Of Concrete Piles, Is A Factor Which Promises To Be Of Great Value In The Future. The Constantly Increasing Use Of Concrete Piling Is A Substantial Recogni Tion Of The Claims Made For It ...
Concrete Sewer Pipe
Concrete Sewer Pipe In The Draining Of Marsh Land And For Sewer Age Purposes, Pipe Made Of Concrete—if Prop Erly Made—is Not Surpassed By Any Other Ma Terial. Pipe Of This Kind Has Been Made For Many Years In Germany, The Matrix Being Port Land Cement. Rudolph Hering, A New ...
Concrete Tanks And Cisterns
Concrete Tanks And Cisterns Concrete Water-tanks. It Is Unquestioned That A Tank Built Of Concrete Is Not Only More Durable Than One Of Wood, But Is More Sanitary. Many Farmers Have Them Installed In Their Barns, And Tanks Of This Character Answer The Require Ments In Numerous Manufacturing Plants. Two ...
Concrete Tile
Concrete Tile Cost Of Concrete Tile. The Cost Of Producing Tile Is Not The Same In All Sections, Owing Chiefly To Variations In Freight Rates. One Estimate, Based On A Machine Cost, Is As Follows: In The Making Of Concrete Tile, The Same Gen Eral Principles Apply That Rule In ...
Concrete In Barn And
Concrete In Barn And Stable Construction Barn Foundations. These Are Laid In The Same Manner And Of The Same Proportions In The Mixture As House Foundations, Except That There Is No Cellar Unless It Is Desired. Should Be So Sloped That The Liquid Manure And Water Of The Stable Will ...
Concrete On The Farm
Concrete On The Farm Throughout The Greater Portion Of The Coun Try The Pioneer Days Of Hardship And Forced Econ Omy Are Over. These Conditions Led To Flimsy Construction; But The Time Has Come Now When The Farmer Can Use Better Materials In His Con Structive Work. All That Is ...
Cost Of Reinforced Concrete
Cost Of Reinforced Concrete As A General Proposition, Reinforced Concrete Is Almost Invariably The Lowest Priced Fireproof Material Suitable For Factory Construction. The Cost Is Nearly Always Lower Than That For Brick And Tile; And, With Lumber At A High Price, It Is Frequently Even Lower Than Brick And Timber, ...
Curbs And Gutters
Curbs And Gutters The Foundation For Curbs And Gutters, As For Sidewalks, Should Be Governed By The Soil And Climate. Concrete Curbing Should Be Built In Advance Of The Walk, In Sectional Pieces 6 Feet To 8 Feet Long, And Separated From Each Other And From The Walk By Tar ...
English Systems Of Floor
English Systems Of Floor Construction In This Connection, Some Valuable Informa Tion Will Be Found In The Following Account Of Methods Of Floor Construction Employed In England: Within The Last Twenty Years, A Very Great Number And Variety Of Fire-resisting Floors Have Been Adopted And Patented In England. Some Have ...
Erection Of Reinforced Structures
Erection Of Reinforced Structures The Erection Of A Reinforced Structure Is Simi Lar To The Making Of A Casting In A Large Foundry. Forms Or Patterns Are Built To Correspond Ex Actly With The Lines Of The Finished Work, The Reinforcing Steel Is Set In Place, And The Concrete Is ...
Finish On Concrete Work
Finish On Concrete Work Floors.—the Most Common Finish For Floors Is The Ordinary Cement Finish. This Is A Cement Mortar Composed Of One Part Portland Cement And Two Parts Clean, Sharp Sand. It Is Preferably Laid At The Same Time As The Main Body Of The Concrete Work In Order ...
Fire Resisting Properties
Fire-resisting Properties Reinforced Concrete Ranks With The Best Fire Proof Materials, And It Is This Quality, Perhaps More Than Any Other, Which Is Responsible For The Enormous Increase In Its Use For Factories And Other Industrial Structures. Intense Heat Injures The Surface Of The Con Crete; But Concrete Is So ...
Fireproofing
Fireproofing In The Modern Improvements Of Fireproof Building Material, Masonry Plays An Important Part. Not Infrequently It Is Considered Of Sec Ondary Importance By Builders And Structural Engineers; But In The Various Large Fires Of Our Cities The Condition Of The Masonry After Collapse Of A Building Has Determined To ...
Form Construction
Form Construction A Field For Invention. Concrete, Being A Plastic Material And Requiring Time To Set, Must Needs Be Confined, During The Chemical Process Of Setting, Within The Bounds And In The Shape And Form The Completed Structure Or Member Is To Possess. The Form Or Temporary Support That So ...
Forms
Forms In General, Wood Will Be Used For The Forms, Though Thin Strips Of Metal Will Be Found Con Venient In Forming Curved Lines. Also, The Use Of A Metal Cross-form Or Parting Strip Will Be A Guarantee Against Defects Arising From Imper Fect Joints Or Expansion. The Cross-form Should ...
General Building Construction
General Building Construction The Primary Consideration In Any Design Is That The Finished Structure Shall Serve, In The Most Adequate Manner, The Purpose For Which It Is Built. This Will Determine To A Large Extent The Location Of The Columns, The General Framing And Type Of The Floor Construction, Depth ...
General Principles Of Reinforced
General Principles Of Reinforced Concrete Design The Use Of Some Form Of Steel Reinforcement Has Already Been Shown To Be A Necessity. The Stresses In A Member Subjected To Bending Have Been Explained, And Attention Called To The Un Equal Strength Of Plain Concrete In Tension And In Compression. It ...
History Of Reinforced Concrete
History Of Reinforced Concrete The History Of Reinforced Concrete Seems To Be A Very Uncertain Quantity. Authors Vary As To The Date At Which It Made Its First Appear Ance; Also, As To The Form In Which It First Came Into Public Notice. In Fact, Very Little Authentic History Is ...
Hollow Wall Concrete Silos
Hollow-wall Concrete Silos Throughout The Northern Section Of The United States And In Canada, The Introduction Of The Hollow Wall—continuous Dead Air Space—in Concrete Silo Construction Has Met With General Favor And Approval. The Advantage Of This Form Of Silo Is Apparent To Those Living In A Country Ex Posed ...
Lettering With Cement
Lettering With Cement One Of The Branches Of The Cement Business Attracting Attention At The Present Time Is The Manufacture Of Letters With Cement. Cement Letters Have Been Used For Years, But It Is Only Recently That Very Much Has Been Done In A Prac Tical Way In This Direction. ...
Moulds For Ornaments
Moulds For Ornaments In Making Artificial Marble In Moulds, We De Part From The Dry Tamp Process, Unless Iron Moulds Are Used; But Where Only One Or Two Pieces Of Each Design Are Required, The Cost Of Special Iron Moulds Would Bar Their Use. However, Should Any Iron Moulds That ...
Partitions
Partitions Partitions In Reinforced Concrete Construc Tion Work Consist Of Both Solid And Hollow Types. In Factory Work, Partitions May Be Made Of Rein Forced Concrete Four Inches Thick, Of Tile, Or Of Concrete Blocks. For Solid Partition Walls And Elevator Wells, It Is Convenient To Pour The Con Crete ...
Reinforced Concrete Columns
Reinforced Concrete Columns A Reference To The Figures Shown In The Pages Devoted To The Different Systems Of Reinforce Ment Will Show The General Types Of Columns Used In Reinforced Concrete Work. The General Plan Of All Reinforced Columns Seems To Be That Of A Cage Supported By Upright Members ...
Reinforced Concrete Walls
Reinforced Concrete Walls Walls For Buildings May Be Of Various Types, Largely Depending Upon The Style Of Structure And The Use To Which The Building Is To Be Put. In The Monolithic Form Of Reinforced Concrete Building, The Space Between The Outside Beams, Girders, And Columns On The Ends And ...
Reinforcing Materials And Systems
Reinforcing Materials And Systems Steel Is The Common Medium Used In Rein Forcing Concrete. Although The Ways And Forms In Which It Is Used Are Varied, And Allowing That Each Form May Have Its Special Advantage, The General Principle Of Placing The Metal Where It Will Take Up The Tensile ...
Sidewalk Construction
Sidewalk Construction It May Be Said That Cement Sidewalks Are Now Taking The Place Of All Other Kinds Of Walks In All Cities And Towns Of The Country. They Provide An Even Surface For Pedestrians, Are Per Manent, And Present A Pleasing Appearance. The Cost Of The Concrete Sidewalk Makes ...
Slabs Floors
Floors, Slabs, And Roofs When Some One Of The Materials For Rein Forcement Already Described Is Placed In A Con Struction In Parallel Rows, Spaced Equally And Covered With Concrete, The Result Is A Reinforced Slab. If These Rows Run Only One Way, The Con Struction Is Called An Independent ...
Surface Treatment
Surface Treatment The Surface Treatment Which A Walk Receives Depends Largely Upon The Practice In The Com Munity In Which The Work Is Being Done. The Smooth, Steel-trowel Finish Is Probably The Most Common And At The Same Time The Poorest Finish Used. Such A Finish Frequently Results In Crazing ...
Systems Of House Construction
Systems Of House Construction Among The Systems Of House Construction Re Cently Evolved May Be Mentioned The Following: The Edison House. Thomas A. Edison, The Inventor, Is Perfecting A System Of Construction Which Is Popularly Known As The Poured Cement House. By This System He Intends To Use Cast Iron ...
Systems Of Reinforcement
Systems Of Reinforcement Although We Have Referred In A General Way To The Use Of Various Forms Of Steel As Reinforc Ing Agents, Architects And Engineers Have Begun To Use These Materials In More Or Less Advanta Geous Grouping Of Parts. The Following Systems Illustrate A Few Of The Combinations ...
Time For Setting And
Time For Setting And Hardening The Time To Be Allowed For The Necessary Set Ting And Hardening Of The Concrete Before The Forms Are Taken Away, Plays A Very Important Part In The Success Of The Structure. Mr. Edward Godfrey, In His Volume On "concrete," Says: "the Time That Should ...
Use Of Collapsible Forms
Use Of Collapsible Forms By Actual Use Concrete Culverts Have Demon Strated Their Economy. A Concrete Culvert Can Be Constructed By The Farmer, And Will Be More Serviceable Than One Made Of Any Other Material. Its First Cost Is Low And There Is Practically No Further Expense. No Repairs Are ...